Race Dysgenics: Evolution, Dysgenic De-evolution,
Eugenics & Genetic Modification
The History of the Lineage of Man
Edited by Michael James Ross
Website: MonsantoInvestigation.com
Updated: December 3rd, 2020
Chapter 1: Dysgenic Connection in Brachycephalic Races of Humans and Animals
Chapter 2: Primates: Evolution and De-evolution
Chapter 3: Tarsiers
Chapter 4: Miscellaneous
Chapter 5: Biohacking
Chapter 6: Athletic Ability
Chapter 7: Robots
Chapter 8: GMOs
Chapter 9: Race Based Medicine
Chapter 10: Decline of the West
Chapter 11: Hallucinogens
Chapter 12: The future of humanity
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Chapter 1: Dysgenic Connection in Brachycephalic Races of Humans & animals
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1/8/2020 - Race Dysgenics Brazil | Eugenics in Brazil - https://eugenicsbrazil.blogspot.com
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5/12/2019 - Race Virus 101 - The Eugenics Investigation (The Dysgenics Investigation) - https://racevirus101.blogspot.com
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4/10/2020 - The Cephalic Investigation - Race Eugenics & Dysgenics (Skull Evolution & The History of the Lineage of Man)
https://skullevolution.blogspot.com
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Eugenics 101 (Dysgenics 101) - Genetics, Race, Science, Eugenics & Dysgenics
October 15th, 2020
https://eugenics101.blogspot.com
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The following chapter will explain in detail about the current steady decline in the biological human race.
We start in the dysgenic traits found in many species of animals that have regressed over the course of many years. New recent studies have shown that many of these brachycephalic traits found in certain species of animals have been classified as a form of biological decline in a biological species.
This new breakthrough study will show the dysgenic devolution found in many species of animals, primates and even different classes and races of people. With this report, science will now come closer than ever to finding the lineage of mankind. We will start with dysgenic degenerate brachycephalic conditions found in racial ethnic populations of Negros, Orientals, Jews and Hispanics.
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| Bostons are brachycephalic breeds. —Boston Terrier |
| They were described as tall, heavy boned and brachycephalic. —Beaker culture |
| The head is broad, massive, square, and powerful brachycephalic shape. —Perro de Presa Canario |
| A typical Alpine skull is therefore regarded as brachycephalic ('broad-headed'). —Alpine race |
| Brachycephalic dogs such as Boxers and Boston Terriers are most commonly affected. —Cleft lip and cleft palate |
| It is seen in brachycephalic (short-nosed) dog breeds because of the shallow orbit. —Exophthalmos |
| The modern brachycephalic Persian has a large rounded skull and shortened face and nose. —Persian cat |
| The Japanese Chin's flattened brachycephalic face can lead to breathing and eye problems. —Japanese Chin |
| It is commonly seen in Boxer dogs and other brachycephalic breeds, and in the English Springer Spaniel. —Gingival enlargement |
| The long, broad, flat head of the Alaunt should never be confused with the modified brachycephalic breeds. —Alaunt |
| Brachycephalic syndrome is a common problem and mostly affects dogs with short noses (brachycephalic breeds). —Shih Tzu |
| A typical brachycephalic molossoid type breed, the Bordeaux is a very powerful dog, with a very muscular body. —Dogue de Bordeaux |
| Like all brachycephalic, or "short faced", breeds, Bulldogs can easily become overheated and even die from hyperthermia. —Bulldog |
| Several air carriers embargo certain dog breeds, due to the effect of high temperature and humidity on brachycephalic animals. —Pit bull |
| Human populations were characterized as either dolichocephalic (long headed), mesaticephalic (moderate headed), or brachycephalic (short headed). —Cephalic index |
| Following the deaths of Pugs and other brachycephalic breeds, several airlines either banned their transport in cargo or enacted seasonal restrictions. —Pug |
| Wolves and other wild dogs are dolichocephalic or mesaticephalic, but some domesticated dogs have become brachycephalic (short-headed) due to artificial selection by humans over the course of 12,000 years. —Sighthound |
| ...however, puggles can occasionally have the respiratory ailments commonly found in Pugs (a breed known for being brachycephalic). —Puggle |
| ...long and thin (dolichocephalic), as in the Rough Collie, to nearly nonexistent because it is so flat (extreme brachycephalic), as in the Pug. —Snout |
| ...backwards sneezing or inspiratory paroxysmal respiration) is a phenomenon observed in dogs, particularly in those with brachycephalic skulls. —Reverse sneezing |
| Boxers are brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws, and a... —Boxer (dog) |
| ...populations have been characterized as either dolichocephalic (long headed), mesaticephalic (moderate headed), or brachycephalic (short headed). —Brachycephaly |
| As they are a brachycephalic breed (see Brachycephalic syndrome), French Bulldogs are banned by several commercial airlines due to the numbers that have died while in the... —French Bulldog |
| Other differences in head shape between brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs include changes in the craniofacial angle (angle between the basilar axis and hard palate) (... —Dog anatomy |
| ...tint to an olive shade, with black and coarse hair with a circular cross section, an absent or scanty beard, a brachycephalic skull, prominent cheek bones and a broad face. —Mongoloid |
| Other differences in head shape between brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs include changes in the craniofacial angle (angle between the basilar axis and hard palate) (... —Evolution of the wolf |
| ...Aryan and his Social Role", in which he claimed that the white, "Aryan race", "dolichocephalic", was opposed to the "brachycephalic" race, of whom the "Jew" was the archetype. —Racism |
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How the Asian face got its unique characteristics
https://www.scmp.com/infographics/article/2100532/how-asian-face-got-its-unique-characteristics
{One theory is that Orientals have larger skulls, and that part of their heads are flatter to
accommodate a larger skull. The reason why Orientals have bigger heads is that are actually part Denisovan}.
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What makes Asian eyes look different?
https://eyemd.wordpress.com/2006/09/01/what-makes-asian-eyes-look-different/
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ELI5:
How did humans in Asia evolve to have narrower eyes, why did Africans
skin stay black while Arabic and European peoples became lighter?
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1kqquy/eli5_how_did_humans_in_asia_evolve_to_have/
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Images of 20 Chinese women before and after plastic surgery draw eyes online
http://shanghaiist.com/2014/11/10/20-women-before-after-plastic-surgery/
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ORIGIN OF SHAPE OF ASIAN EYES IS STILL A MYSTERY TO SCIENTISTS
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-10-13-8503100141-story.html
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Epicanthic fold
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicanthic_fold
Medical conditions
The
epicanthic fold is sometimes found as a congenital abnormality. Medical
conditions that cause the nasal bridge not to mature and project are
associated with epicanthic folds. About 60% of individuals with Down
syndrome (also known as trisomy 21) have prominent epicanthic folds. In
1862, John Langdon Down classified what is now called Down syndrome. He
used the term mongoloid for the condition. This was derived from
then-prevailing ethnic theory and from his perception that children
with Down syndrome shared physical facial similarities (epicanthic
folds) with those of Blumenbach's Mongolian race. While the term
"mongoloid" (also "mongol" or "mongoloid idiot") continued to be used
until the early 1970s, it is now considered pejorative and inaccurate
and is no longer in common use about medical conditions.
In
Zellweger syndrome, epicanthic folds are prominent. Other examples are
fetal alcohol syndrome, phenylketonuria, and Turner syndrome.
Possible evolutionary function
The epicanthic fold is often associated with greater levels of fat deposition around the eyeball, a feature most accentuated in native North Siberian, Aleut and Inuit populations. The adipose tissue is thought to provide greater insulation for the eye and sinuses from the effects of cold, especially from freezing winds, and to represent an adaptation to cold climates. It has also been postulated that the fold itself might provide a level of protection from snow blindness. Though its appearance in peoples of Southeast Asia can be linked to possible descent from cold-adapted ancestors, its occurrence in various African peoples precludes a cold-adaptive explanation for it appearing in the latter groups. The epicanthic fold found in some African people has been tentatively linked to protection for the eye from the high levels of ultra-violet light found in desert and semi-desert areas.
Age
Many fetuses lose their epicanthic folds after three to six months of gestation. Epicanthic folds may be visible in the development stages of young children of any race, especially before the nose bridge fully develops.
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East Asian Physical Traits Linked to 35,000-Year-Old Mutation
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/science/studying-recent-human-evolution-at-the-genetic-level.html
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Evaluating hypercoagulability (abnormal blood coagulation that
increases the risk of blood clots) in dogs with brachycephalic airway
syndrome: similarity to human obstructive sleep apnea.
http://news.vet.tufts.edu/2017/02/evaluating-hypercoagulability-abnormal-blood-coagulation-that-increases-the-risk-of-blood-clots-in-dogs-with-brachycephalic-airway-syndrome-similarity-to-human-obstructive-sleep-apnea/
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Sleep disturbances are common, influenced by race and ethnicity
High
prevalence of sleep disturbances, undiagnosed sleep apnea among
racial/ethnic minorities may contribute to health disparities
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150619141605.htm
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Disparities and Genetic Risk Factors in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4602395/
Abstract
Obstructive
sleep apnea (OSA) is an increasingly prevalent condition. A growing
body of literature supports substantial racial disparities in the
prevalence, risk factors, presentation, diagnosis and treatment of this
disease. Craniofacial structure among Asians appears to confer an
elevated risk of OSA despite lower rates of obesity. Among African
Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics, OSA prevalence is increased,
likely due in part to obesity. Burden of symptoms, particularly
excessive daytime sleepiness, is higher among African Americans, though
Hispanics more often report snoring. Limited data suggest African
Americans may be more susceptible to hypertension in the setting of OSA.
While differences in genetic risk factors may explain disparities in
OSA burden, no definitive genetic differences have yet been identified.
In addition to disparities in OSA development, disparities in OSA
diagnosis and treatment have also been identified. Increased severity of
disease at diagnosis among African Americans suggests a delay in
diagnosis. Treatment outcomes are also suboptimal among African
Americans. In children, tonsillectomy is less likely to cure OSA and
more commonly associated with complications in this group. Among adults,
adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is
substantially lower in African Americans. The reasons for these
disparities, particularly in outcomes, are not well understood and
should be a research priority.
Background
Obstructive
sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders with
moderate to severe disease affecting up to 17% of middle-aged men and 9%
of middle-aged women. OSA is associated with numerous adverse
consequences including excessive daytime sleepiness, motor vehicle
accidents, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. A large body of
literature has identified risk factors for OSA, consequences of the
disease and treatment options. However, studies evaluating the extent to
which the development, presentation, consequences and management of OSA
vary by race have not been as extensively considered. This article will
review known differences in OSA by racial background as well as point
out areas where further research is needed.
Disparities in OSA Prevalence
Few
studies have directly compared the prevalence of OSA across racial
groups. In addition, the lack of consistent criteria to define OSA
limits comparisons of OSA prevalence across studies. Nevertheless,
available data indicate an elevated prevalence of OSA among African
Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans as compared to US whites
while the prevalence of OSA in Asians appears comparable to whites.
The
strongest evidence for a racial disparity in OSA exists with regards to
African Americans. Several studies have found a higher rate of OSA in
African Americans particularly African American children.3 Among
pediatric patients evaluated in sleep clinic, African American race is
associated with a 20% increase in OSA severity4 and greater oxygen
desaturation. African American children are 4-6 times more likely to
have OSA compared to white children. Even among young adults less than
26 years of age, African Americans are 88% more likely to have OSA as
compared to whites. Among middle-aged populations, the evidence for a
disparity in OSA prevalence is weaker as differences in OSA prevalence
from community based studies are evident in some but not all studies. In
contrast, data from older populations suggests a disparity may
re-emerge in this age group. While African Americans had similar
prevalence of OSA as whites (32% and 30% respectively) in a
community-based survey of individuals 65 years of age and older, this
group was 2.1 times more likely to have severe OSA.
Data
are somewhat more limited regarding OSA prevalence in US Hispanics. The
Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS) used portable sleep monitoring
to evaluate the prevalence of OSA in a diverse US Hispanic cohort of
over 14,000 adults. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe OSA in
this cohort was 25.8%, 9.8%, and 3.9% but OSA risk was found to vary
substantially by Hispanic background being greatest among Cuban men.
Consistent with other racial groups, older age, male gender, and obesity
were independent risk factors for OSA in this cohort. Although the
prevalence is somewhat greater than estimates of community-based white
populations, the monitoring system used is very different making direct
comparisons difficult.
A cross-racial survey utilizing
overnight oximetry, however, did find a higher rate of OSA in Hispanics
compared to whites. In contrast, an analysis of data from one site of
the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) found that the rate of
OSA in Hispanics was similar to whites. However, a more recent analysis
evaluating subjects at all MESA sites has reported a higher prevalence
in Hispanics.
Information about OSA in Native Americans
is sparse. The best evidence comes from SHHS where the odds of moderate
to severe OSA was 1.7 times greater than that found in whites.
Unlike
African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans, the prevalence of
OSA in Asians and Asian Americans appears similar or lower than that of
whites. In a cross-study analysis comparing Japanese participants in the
Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CRICS) to whites in MESA, the
prevalence of OSA among Japanese was roughly half that of whites (18.4%
vs. 36.5%).15 However, in other studies, Asians have been found to have
similar OSA severity to whites. In the Male Study of Osteoporosis (MrOS)
cohort of older men, Asian American background was an independent risk
factor for OSA. This is consistent with population-based studies from
Asia where high rates of OSA have been found in China, Japan, Korea and
India, despite low rates of obesity.
In summary,
current data from population-based studies suggest the prevalence of OSA
is greater among African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans
although direct comparisons particularly for Hispanics and Native
Americans compared to other groups are limited. The greater prevalence
in African Americans is particularly notable in younger and older age
groups. Asians and Asian Americans appear to have comparable rates of
OSA to whites despite markedly lower levels of obesity.
OSA Risk Factors
Understanding
the basis of disparities in OSA prevalence requires an evaluation of
disparities in the risk factors for OSA as well as an assessment of
racial heterogeneity in how risk factors contribute to OSA pathogenesis.
Among the most studied OSA risk factors are craniofacial shape and
obesity.
Craniofacial shape
Craniofacial
shape has been recognized as an important contributor to OSA risk. Both
skeletal features such as maxillary-mandibular shape, inferior hyoid
position, and small cranial base, as well as soft tissue features such
as size of the tongue, soft palate, tonsils, pharyngeal walls, and
parapharyngeal fat pads have been identified as OSA risk factors. In
general, studies suggest soft tissue factors may be more relevant to
predicting risk in African Americans while skeletal features are more
predictive in Asians.
Studies comparing African
Americans to whites have found tongue area is significantly larger in
African Americans with OSA. In contrast, skeletal features such as
brachycephaly (a skull shape with a greater lateral compared to
antero-posterior dimension) were predictors of OSA severity in whites
but not African Americans.26 In contrast, Asians with OSA have more
skeletal restriction than their white counterparts as measured by a
shorter cranial base as well as difference in length and positioning of
the maxilla and mandible. In addition, both an inferiorly positioned
hyoid and an extended craniocervical angle have been demonstrated to
predict OSA risk in Asians.28,29 However, it is important to note that
heterogeneity does exist across Asian backgrounds in the relationship
between craniofacial risk factors and OSA.
As compared
to African Americans and Asians, there is much sparser data on the
relationship between craniofacial shape and OSA risk in Hispanics and
Native American groups. Only a few studies have evaluated differences in
craniofacial shape between Hispanics and whites that could contribute
to differences in OSA risk and these have been inconclusive. One study
found bi- maxillary retroposition to be more common among Hispanics with
OSA than apneics of other races,33 however another study did not find
any differences between Hispanics and whites. Table 1 summarizes the
contributing soft tissue and skeletal contributors to OSA, with racial
differences noted where literature is available.
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Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195561692503060
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Do Indo-Asians have smaller coronary arteries?
https://pmj.bmj.com/content/75/886/463
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Asians look thinner but are fatter than Westerners
SINGAPORE:
Asians may look thinner than Westerners but they have more fat in their
bodies, health experts told a World Health Organisation (WHO) forum
yesterday. Obesity is less of a problem in Asia compared with the West,
but Asians experience higher cases of obesity-related diseases, they
said.
For example, Singaporeans have 5% more
body fat than Caucasians, said Mabel Yap, director for research and
information management at Singapore''s Health Promotion Board.
"What this means is, we are fatter though we look thinner," she said.
The latest National Health Survey in 1998 found that only 6% of Singaporeans were obese, compared with 5% in 1992.
But the number of Singaporeans with obesity-related diseases was comparable to levels in the West.
While
those with diabetes remained at 8%, 27% suffered from high blood
pressure while 23.5% had high cholesterol levels, according to the 1998
survey.
http://nutriweb.org.my/index.php?asians-look-thinner-but-are-fatter-than-westerners_del-20101229194745
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The Skinny: Asians are the thinnest Americans but that doesn't mean they're the healthiest
Only 38.6 per cent of Asian Americans are overweight compared to 66.7 per cent of whites and 78.8 per cent for Hispanics
Younger people are more likely to be thinner than older people and
since Asian Americans are a young minority in America, that could
account for their slimness
Asians are just as likely to have high cholesterol or hyper tension as other groups
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2540332/The-Skinny-Asians-thinnest-Americans-doesnt-mean-theyre-healthiest.html
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Do Asian Women Have the Smallest Breasts?
http://www.8asians.com/2011/04/01/do-asian-women-have-the-smallest-breasts/
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Mongoloid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid
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Why Asians are thinner: On Cultural Reduction and Health (Contains offensive language)
https://evidencebasedfitness.net/why-asians-are-thinner-on-cultural-reduction-and-health/
--
{There are several theories to why Orientals are thinner.
It could have been genetics, lack of food, climate or other factors to why Orientals are some
of the smallest people on the planet.
Look at how in Tibet there is very little food, and people there do not grow as big on average compared to white Europeans or black Africans. In many areas of Tibet people can starve
to death in these conditions, and that people learn to adapt with a less amount of food than other people in other areas of the world}.
{The reason why some Orientals have bigger heads and need less oxygen in Mountains is
because Orientals were part Denisovan. Orientals and Blacks were part animal and we are
calling
for strict population control on their numbers. We must regulate these
Orientals, Indians, Mexicans and black subspecies trying to overpopulate
and then breed with white humans. If anything we should eliminate most
of these subspecies in order for the white race to survive. Orientals,
East Indians, American Indians, Mexicans and brown South Americans were
all part Denisovan, this is why many brown skinned people are classified
as a subspecies of human}.
The Lost Ancient Humans of Antarctica
Feb 25, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBF0hP2_nGw
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How breeding with an ancient human species gave Tibetans their head for heights
July 4, 2014
https://theconversation.com/how-breeding-with-an-ancient-human-species-gave-tibetans-their-head-for-heights-28818
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Mysterious ‘ghost’ populations had multiple trysts with human ancestors
Feb. 20, 2020
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/02/mysterious-ghost-populations-had-multiple-trysts-human-ancestors
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Who were the ghost people of Africa? DNA reveals ancient Africans bred with new unknown race of humans just 50,000 years ago
13 February 2020
The researchers studied the genetic material of 405 people from West Africa
They discovered mystery genetic material, which they have termed 'ghost DNA'
It suggests that humans mixed with an unknown group about 50,000 years ago
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7997861/New-study-shows-ghost-DNA-modern-day-population-west-Africa.html
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The 'Ghosts' of 2 Unknown Extinct Human Species Have Been Found in Modern DNA
17 JULY 2019
https://www.sciencealert.com/two-unknown-species-of-ancient-extinct-hominids-have-been-identified-in-modern-dna
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Aboriginal Australians, Pacific Islanders carry DNA of unknown human species, research analysis suggests
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Ectodysplasin A receptor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectodysplasin_A_receptor
Ectodysplasin
A receptor (EDAR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDAR
gene. EDAR is a cell surface receptor for ectodysplasin A which plays an
important role in the development of ectodermal tissues such as the
skin. It is structurally related to members of the TNF receptor
superfamily.
Function
EDAR
and other genes provide instructions for making proteins that work
together during embryonic development. These proteins form part of a
signaling pathway that is critical for the interaction between two cell
layers, the ectoderm and the mesoderm. In the early embryo, these cell
layers form the basis for many of the body's organs and tissues.
Ectoderm-mesoderm interactions are essential for the proper formation of
several structures that arise from the ectoderm, including the skin,
hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands.
Clinical significance
Mutation
in this gene have been associated with hypohidrotic ectodermal
dysplasia, a disorder characterized by a lower density of sweat glands.
Derived EDAR allele
A
derived G-allele point mutation (SNP) with pleiotropic effects in EDAR,
370A or rs3827760, found in most modern East Asians and Native
Americans but not common in African or European populations, is thought
to be one of the key genes responsible for a number of differences
between these populations, including the thicker hair, more numerous
sweat glands, smaller breasts, and the Sinodont dentition (so-called
shovel incisors) characteristic of East Asians. It has been hypothesized
that natural selection favored this allele during the last ice age in a
population of people living in isolation in Beringia, as it may play a
role in the synthesis of breast milk under Vitamin D-poor conditions.
The 370A mutation arose in humans approximately 30,000 years ago, and
now is found in 93% of Han Chinese and in the majority of people in
nearby Asian populations. This mutation is also implicated in ear
morphology differences and reduced chin protrusion. The derived G-allele
is a mutation of the ancestral A-allele, the version found in most
modern non-East Asian and non-Native American populations.
In
a 2015 study, three (of six) ancient DNA samples (7,900-7,500 BP) from
Motala, Sweden; two (3300–3000 BC) from the Afanasevo culture and one
(400–200 BC) Scythian sample were found to carry the rs3827760 mutation.
In
a 2018 study, several ancient DNA samples from the Americas, including
USR1 from the Upward Sun River site, Anzick-1, and the 9,600 BP
individual from Lapa do Santo, were found to not carry the derived
allele. This suggests that the increased frequency of the derived allele
occurred independently in both East Asia and the Americas.
--------------------------
Thick Hair, Small Boobs, Shovel Shaped Teeth and More
https://dna-explained.com/2013/02/17/thick-hair-small-boobs-shovel-shaped-teeth-and-more/
Posted on February 17, 2013
Yep,
there’s a gene for these traits, and more. The same gene, named EDAR
(short for Ectodysplasin receptor EDARV370A), it turns out, also confers
more sweat glands and distinctive teeth and is found in the majority of
East Asian people.
This is one of the results of the
National Geographic’s Genographic project. This mutation found at
location rs3827760 on chromosome 2 occurred about 35,000 years ago. It
apparently has conferred some advantage to its carriers, because it is
found in the majority of Asian people today. We don’t exactly know why
that happened, but maybe ancient male Asians preferred thick haired,
small boobed and sweaty women. Or maybe those women survived when women
with more body fat (yes, boobs are fat, sorry guys) and who could sweat
less perished.
This New York Times article discusses
the experiments performed to verify that this gene in fact does confer
those traits. The scientific article itself is available in the
journal, Cell although it’s behind a paywall.
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{We see a higher rate of Sotos Syndrome in Japanese people. Could this be one of the reasons why we often see Orientals with enlarged heads, flat faces, including many of the symptoms associated with Sotos Syndrome?
Many say that the brachycephalic problems in Orientals could be from a very slight similar form of a type of Sotos Syndrome that was passed on genetically through generations.
We notice that this may also be one of the reasons why some black people also have many of the genetic problems associated with Sotos Syndrome as well, this would also give a reason to why black infants grow faster after birth than other races of infants. The reason why blacks learn to walk sooner than other races is because blacks are part animal, most animals learn to walk sooner than a human. We now question if a Homo heidelbergensis or a Homo erectus could learn to walk sooner than a human.
We can still see that the west has the best high IQ inventors such as Tesla, Da Vinci and the Germans that made the nuclear bomb}.
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What You Should Know About Sotos Syndrome
Physical and physiological symptoms of Sotos syndrome in babies include:
being a large baby at birth
growing quickly after birth
jaundice
poor feeding
In children, such symptoms include:
being taller and bigger than peers of the same age
large head
large hands and feet
long and narrow face
high forehead
red or flushed cheeks
small and pointy chin
weak muscle tone
down-slanting eyes
hypertelorism, which means having a large distance between the eyes
awkward gait, or way of walking
scoliosis
seizures
hearing loss
kidney and heart problems
vision problems
Mental and developmental symptoms of Sotos syndrome in children include:
learning disabilities
delayed development
behavioral problems
speech and language problems
aggressiveness and irritability
clumsiness
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
motor skill problems
Risk factors of this condition
Soto's syndrome occurs in 1 out of 14,000 births. This condition is more common among people who are Japanese or of Japanese heritage.
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How Japanese and Belgian Sweat Differ
https://nippaku.wordpress.com/2013/07/25/how-japanese-and-belgian-sweat-differ/
--------------------
Do Asians Sweat More?
http://www.8asians.com/2013/03/20/do-asians-sweat-more/
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Close inbreeding and low genetic diversity in Inner Asian human populations despite geographical exogamy
2018
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27047-3
-----------------------
“Chinese Are a Subspecies”
All Look Same?
http://alllooksame.com/chinese-are-a-subspecies/
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Characterization of the Asian Phenotype - An Emerging Paradigm with Clinicopathological and Human Research Implications
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5562114/
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The mitogenome of a 35,000-year-old Homo sapiens from Europe supports a Palaeolithic back-migration to Africa
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep25501
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Psychologists find Asian Americans get a social boost from being overweight
https://qz.com/1048804/psychologists-find-asian-americans-get-a-social-boost-from-being-overweight/
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Why do Asians have bigger brains than Europeans or Africans?
Chinese scientists discover natural selection played a role
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/2054126/why-do-asians-have-bigger-brains-europeans-or-africans
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Genetics
Canine brain tumors as a platform for discovery:
https://www2.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/Neurology/Research/PetersonGenetics.html
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Why Summer Heat Can Be Deadly To Brachycephalic Dogs
https://dogtime.com/dog-health/53229-summer-heat-can-deadly-brachycephalic-dogs
----------------
Two weeks in the mountains can change your blood for months
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/two-weeks-mountains-can-change-your-blood-months
--------------
What is Low Blood Oxygen?
https://wagwalking.com/cat/condition/low-blood-oxygen
{Some brachycephalic kinds of cats have more low blood oxygen than other cats}.
-----------------
Brachycephalic Syndrome in Cats
https://wagwalking.com/cat/condition/brachycephalic-syndrome
What is Brachycephalic Syndrome? Brachycephalic syndrome may involve several upper airway abnormalities. Cats with this health issue may have an elongated soft palate, stenotic nares (narrow, pinched nostrils), and everted laryngeal saccules (small sacs in the larynx that turn out). All of these obstruct normal air flow. Some cats may also have narrowed tracheas or hypoplastic tracheas. Cats that develop brachycephalic syndrome typically have shortened skull bones and short, pushed-in noses. “Brachycephalic” comes from two words, with “brachy” meaning
Symptoms of Brachycephalic Syndrome in Cats
The cat with brachycephalic syndrome shows several characteristic symptoms that all combine to make breathing difficult: Mouth breathing Noisy breathing Snoring Labored breathing Snorting noises Fainting after exertion Tiring with physical activity Restlessness Coughing and gaging Frequent retching or vomiting Cyanosis Worsening symptoms during hot weather Because of the cat’s facial features and breathing issues, it may also have additional symptoms and issues: Difficulty swallowing Higher risk of heat stroke Dental and periodontal disease Skin infections in the folds of its face Abnormal body posture from attempts to breathe more efficiently Eye problems
Causes of Brachycephalic Syndrome in Cats
Brachycephalic syndrome has only a few causes: Cats that are bred to have shortened faces Narrowed nostrils Long soft palate Turned-out laryngeal saccules Hypoplastic (narrower than normal) trachea Breeders prefer this shortened head shape in several cat breeds, but this leads to significant health issues for those cats.
Diagnosis of Brachycephalic Syndrome in Cats
Once a cat has begun to display symptoms, it can be easy for the vet to develop a diagnosis, but they will still want to run several diagnostic tests to make sure it is correct. The vet may recognize the cat’s appearance and ask about any unusual symptoms the owner may have noticed, such as fainting, noisy breathing or difficulty breathing. Vets know that certain purebred cats are more likely to have been bred to have the shortened face. Knowing this, they will examine the cat, noting its facial characteristics. The vet will also visually inspect the cat’s palate and look for the turned-out laryngeal sacs. This may need to be done while the cat is under anesthesia. Because cats with brachycephalic syndrome don’t always tolerate anesthesia well, the vet will order chest X-rays and blood work to determine the cat’s overall health before beginning anesthesia. While the cat is under anesthesia for the diagnostic work, the vet will also recommend that surgery be done at the same time. By combining the diagnostic work and surgery into one procedure, this reduces the risk to the cat’s life. The vet will specifically look at the cat’s CO2 and pH levels when they order blood work. This helps them to understand the extent of the cat’s breathing problems. The cat may also undergo an endoscopic examination of the trachea and upper airway to see how severe the airways and trachea are affected by this syndrome. Finally, the vet orders bacterial cultures or a biopsy of the airway to identify any potential infections the cat may have.
Treatment of Brachycephalic Syndrome in Cats
Treatment of brachycephalic airway syndrome begins immediately because of its effects on the cat’s health and life. If the cat is overweight, the vet wants to see the cat can lose the unneeded weight. By losing excess pounds, the cat will find it easier to breathe and, eventually, to move around more easily. The cat may begin taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDS) medications to help give short-term relief from respiratory distress and airway inflammation. Corticosteroids can give the cat the same type of relief from its symptoms. Oxygen therapy allows the cat to get more oxygen into its airways and body. These only help to manage symptoms, not correct their causes. Surgery is the best option to help the cat get needed, permanent relief. The veterinary surgeon widens the cat’s nostrils by removing a small wedge of tissue. The soft palate is shortened, making it much easier for the cat to breathe post-surgery. Finally, the turned-outward laryngeal sacs will be removed, further removing obstructions to the cat’s airway. The earlier the cat is diagnosed with brachycephalic syndrome and surgically treated, the better. This prevents the cat from developing other abnormalities related to its shortened face.
Read more at: https://wagwalking.com/cat/condition/brachycephalic-syndrome
--------------------
‘We are all mutants now’: the trouble with genetic testing
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jul/18/we-are-all-mutants-now-the-trouble-with-genetic-testing-
{Could a natural disaster activate a natural mutation gene that is already built into the genetic structure of humans}?
-----------------
African Americans at Increased Risk for Eye Diseases
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Diabetes
Hypertension
https://yoursightmatters.com/african-americr-eye-diseases/
------------------
Focus on Eye Health and Culturally Diverse Populations
http://www.visionproblemsus.org/downloads/2167_MultiCultiCompanion_v08_web.pdf
Myopia – Myopia, or trouble seeing far away, affects upwards of 80 percent of Asian Americans.
-------------
{Here is an example of a dysgenic brachycephalic black man with bug-eyes}.
Man Pops Out Eyes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDIGDNQ-fbY
--------------
Charles Barkley and the Plague of 'Unintelligent' Blacks
A history of respectability politics, from the postbellum period to today
Charles Barkley recently explained why "we as black people are never going to be successful." His reasoning is painful:
"We as black people are never going to be successful, not because of you white people, but because of other black people. When you are black, you have to deal with so much crap in your life from other black people," Barkley said.
Barkley, a native of Leeds, [Alabama,] said African Americans are too concerned with street cred than true success and that's holding the community back.
"For some reason we are brainwashed to think, if you're not a thug or an idiot, you're not black enough. If you go to school, make good grades, speak intelligent, and don't break the law, you're not a good black person. It's a dirty, dark secret in the black community.
"There are a lot of black people who are unintelligent, who don't have success. It's best to knock a successful black person down because they're intelligent, they speak well, they do well in school, and they're successful. It's just typical BS that goes on when you're black, man."
https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/10/charles-barkley-and-the-plague-of-unintelligent-blacks/382022/
--------------
Stock Photo - Handsome bug-eyed African American male freelancer in shirt having forgetful face expression touching head with hand, realizing today is deadline of his project, opening mouth as if saying No!
https://www.123rf.com/photo_75999029_handsome-bug-eyed-african-american-male-freelancer-in-shirt-having-forgetful-face-expression-touchin.html
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Flat Feline Faces: Is Brachycephaly Associated with Respiratory Abnormalities in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus)?
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0161777
--------------
The Evolution of Petface
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/evolution-petface-180967987/
The same traits that make these dogs adorable threaten their health and well-being
Consider the French bulldog. On the plus side, this charismatic small dog is relatively low-maintenance, doesn’t need a lot of exercise and sticks close to its owner; for many, the makings of a perfect pet. But the health issues associated with brachycephaly, which refers to dog breeds that have wide and flat skulls, means that they often require a higher-than-average amount of veterinary treatment. Moreover, they are forced to rely on humans for things as simple as having their wrinkles cleaned out and giving birth.
The American Kennel Club, which oversees dog breeding standards in the United States, stipulates that Frenchies should have “bat ears” along with “heavy wrinkles forming a soft roll over the extremely short nose.” But those bat ears are prone to infection, as the AKC itself notes. Thanks to their short faces, “Frenchies have less tolerance of heat, exercise and stress, all of which increase their need to breathe,” the guide continues, advising that Frenchie owners keep their pets cool and avoid strenuous exercise. It also notes that the dog’s wrinkles “can be prone to yeast and bacterial infections,” and should be cleaned regularly.
This is just one example of how extreme breed conformation can affect dog welfare and increase the reliance of brachycephalic dogs on human intervention. Yet while it’s long been known that purebred dogs tend to suffer from body shapes and genetic conditions that hurt their health and limit their day-to-day existence, it’s only now that we’re beginning to understand the long history and scientific mechanisms behind this suffering.
How We Got Here
The purebred concept emerged in the Victorian period, when middle-class city dwellers started regularly keeping pets for themselves and their children, rather than just farm animals. Around this time, the eugenics movement preached that it was possible to breed “pure” and ideal animals and humans.
“The systematic breeding of dogs emerged in the middle of the nineteenth century,” writes animal welfare scientist James A. Serpell in Companion Animal Ethics. “Although there were already clearly distinguishable breeds of dogs and other domestic animals before this, the new trend was characterised by conscious efforts to ‘improve’ domestic animals through controlled breeding.” While eugenics is now looked down upon in humans, it’s in many ways alive and well in the pet world. The ideal of “purebred” dogs as being somehow more valuable and desirable is still upheld by kennel clubs, breeders and those who buy them, says Bonnett.
--------------
Headform and human evolution
https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC1272824&blobtype=pdf
--------------
Brachycephaly – What You Need to Know?
What is Brachycephaly?
A brachycephalic skull is flat in the rear. The head is also often taller in the back than in the front, the baby’s face may be wider than average, and his or her ears may stick out. The condition frequently occurs in combination with plagiocephaly, and is nearly always the result of positioning of the head of the baby, where pressure is placed on the back of the head for prolonged periods.
What Causes Brachycephaly?
Congenital
Sometimes brachycephaly is a congenital condition, which means it exists at or before birth. According to the National Institutes of Health’s NINDS, brachycephaly occurs when the front bone and side bones join together before the skull is fully developed. There are numerous potential causes for brachycephaly, including metabolic, genetic and developmental disorders. If your child is diagnosed with congenital brachycephaly, make sure that they are evaluated for any associated conditions that your doctor believes are potentially to blame.
Brachycephaly Risk Factors
Risk factors for congenital brachycephaly are predominantly thought to be genetic, although many cases develop in babies with no family history of brachycephaly. As a result, the study of brachycephaly is a popular area of research at present.
The risks for developing the acquired form of brachycephaly include all of the observed risk factors for plagiocephaly, as well as carrying low in the pelvis during pregnancy, very large birth size (macrosomia), breech birth, and being born to a mother with a bicornuate uterus.
https://www.babyflathead.org/brachycephaly-what-you-need-to-know/
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Brachycephalic, dolichocephalic and mesocephalic: is it appropriate to describe the face using skull patterns?
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Brachycephalic%2C-dolichocephalic-and-mesocephalic%3A-Franco-Ara%C3%BAjo/60b4a1bec6c979243168c2806fbb1b0a2c8242c0
The use of a standardized terminology in the medical sciences is essential for both clinical practice and scientific research. In addition to facilitating communication between professionals, it enhances the reliability of comparisons made between studies from different areas, thereby contributing to a higher level of scientific evidence. Examples of attempts made to standardize the terminology in other areas dedicated to the study of craniofacial morphology can be found in the literature. On the other hand, one can find in the orthodontic literature a variety of terms that render the consensus and communication between orthodontists and other researchers even more problematic. As an example, one could cite the use of the terms brachyfacial, mesofacial and dolichofacial, which form part of a cranial index terminology used to describe facial types. Thus, a reflection on the origin and differences of the terms used to describe the human facial phenotype may pave the way toward a consensus regarding the meaning that best represents the craniofacial patterns.
-------------
Study: Genetic Mutation Linked to Brachycephaly in Dogs
https://www.petguide.com/blog/dog/study-genetic-mutation-linked-to-brachycephaly-in-dogs/
Flat faces on Bulldogs and Pugs are cute, but they can lead to breathing problems. New research shows that those faces are linked to a genetic mutation in dogs and their skull development.
Researchers from the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh have studied DNA samples of almost 400 dogs. They believe they’ve found a genetic mutation that shapes the flat faces of breeds like Boxers, Bulldogs and Pugs. The researchers think that this finding also may give insight into birth defects in human children with regard to their head development while in the womb.
Related: UK Vets Warn Against Owning Flat-Faced Breeds
The dogs in the study were pedigreed and mixed breed, and had body scans that gave the scientists access to 3-dimensional images of their heads. They took measurements of the dogs’ skulls and were able to compare those measurements with genetic information. They noted specific DNA variations that they correlated with different head shapes.
They found that a variation in the gene SMOC2 was linked to the length of a dog’s face. When there was a mutated development of that gene, the animals with that mutation were found to have much flatter faces than other canines. This flat face is also known as brachycephalic, and can cause significant health issues in those affected.
Dr. Jeffrey Shoenbeck, lead researcher, says that this finding is important as it gives more information on the genetic and molecular composition that goes into skull formation in dogs and humans.
Humans can be born brachycephalic as well, and the researchers now believe that based on their connections, screening of the SMOC2 gene in humans can bring a diagnosis of brachycephaly in children.
Many dogs are specifically bred for their brachycephalic attributes, though more and more veterinarians caution about doing so because of the extensive breathing problems that result from this breeding.
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Here's Why Brachycephalic Dogs Such As Pugs And Bulldogs Have Flat Face
https://www.techtimes.com/articles/208570/20170530/heres-why-brachycephalic-dogs-such-as-pugs-and-bulldogs-have-flat-face.htm
--------------------
Dog skull study reveals genetic changes linked to face shape
The research reveals new insights into the genes that underpin skull formation in people and animals.
Scientists say their findings also shed light on the causes of birth defects that affect babies' head development in the womb.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh's Roslin Institute analysed DNA samples from 374 pet dogs of various pedigree and mixed breeds. The dogs were being treated at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies.
All of the animals underwent body scans as part of their care, producing detailed 3-dimensional images of the dogs' heads.
These high-resolution images -- called CT scans -- enabled the researchers to take precise measurements of the shape of the dog's skull.
By comparing the dogs' genetic information with measurements of their skulls, the team were able to pinpoint DNA variations that are associated with different head shapes.
One variation -- found to disrupt the activity of a gene called SMOC2 -- was strongly linked to the length of the dog's face. Animals with the mutation had significantly flatter faces, a condition called brachycephaly.
Babies are sometimes born with brachycephaly too, though little is known about its causes. Scientists say screening children for changes in the SMOC2 gene could help to diagnose the condition.
The study is published in the journal Current Biology.
Lead researcher Dr Jeffrey Schoenebeck, of the University's Roslin Institute, said: "Our results shed light on the molecular nature of this type of skull form that is so common and popular among dogs."
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170526125730.htm
---------------------
Why are the backs of Asian babies' heads flat?
https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-backs-of-Asian-babies-heads-flat
----------------------------
Scientists have discovered a mutation behind pugs’ weird little flat faces
Not cute
https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/28/15703688/pugs-bulldogs-boston-terriers-squished-flat-faces-brachycephalic-genetics
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The Relationship between Brachycephalic Head Features in Modern Persian Cats and Dysmorphologies of the Skull and Internal Hydrocephalus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5598898/-------------------------
Severe brachycephalic in Persian and related breeds
https://icatcare.org/advice/cat-health/brachycephalic
-----------------------
Putting our heads together: Canines may hold clues to human skull development
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130208105303.htm----------------------
Brachycephalic Dogs: Why Do Pugs Breathe So Loudly
https://www.puglifemagazine.com/single-post/Brachycephalic-Dogs
-------------------------
Vision in Dogs
http://www.rctn.org/bruno/animal-eyes/dog-vision-miller-murphy.pdf
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Study Finds Hispanic- and African-American Preschoolers Need Better Vision Screening
https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/hispanic-african-american-preschoolers-screening-------------------
Ancient Wolf Genome Reveals an Early Divergence of Domestic Dog Ancestors and Admixture into High-Latitude Breeds
http://genetics.med.harvard.edu/reichlab/Reich_Lab/Welcome_files/Pontus_TaimyrWolf_CurrentBiology_2015.pdf
----------------------
Origin of the domestic dog
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_the_domestic_dog
{What would happen if you kept breeding these Pug dogs with these facial deformities, do you think that Pugs could turn into an even more dysgenic type of breed}.
-----------------------
{Look at how the face of a Chow Dog is similar to that of an Oriental person.
We can see that both the Chow species of dog and Orientals have lived in the same
area where these face deformities have occurred. Some Orientals however are also very good at breathing at high altitudes, such as the people of Tibet. We can see that the reason why Orientals can breathe at higher altitudes is they have more Denisovan animal DNA.
More research needs to be done to see how a deformity in an airway of the nose can cause different genetic mutations in brachycephalic species of dogs, and including brachycephalic species of humans}.
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Things to think about before buying a flat-faced (brachycephalic) dog
https://www.bluecross.org.uk/pet-advice/things-think-about-buying-flat-faced-dog
{Wow look at this, we even see similar eye problems in flat faced dogs and brachycephalic dogs
as we see in black people}.
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Gene which helps people cope with low oxygen levels at high altitudes could become target for new drugs to treat heart disease
https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/ethnicity-eye-disease-risk-reminder-asian-african-
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Vision risks vary by ethnic and genetic backgrounds
https://versanthealth.com/visionreferencelibrary/2017/04/24/risk-of-vision-problems-increased-in-certain-ethnic-groups/
Vision problems can affect all of us, with age and gender being just two factors. Did you know that different ethnicities can also play an important role? Research suggests that some ethnic backgrounds are subject to an increased risk of vision problems compared to others.
African Americans
CataractsAfrican Americans are more likely than Caucasians to develop cataracts. As a result, they are five times more likely to develop blindness.
Glaucoma
African Americans are also five times more likely than Caucasians to develop glaucoma, and four times more likely to suffer blindness from it as a result. Glaucoma is often characterized by the loss of periphery vision that can progress to complete vision loss without treatment.
Asian Americans
Asian Americans are more likely than the national average to develop angle-closure glaucoma…Glaucoma
Asian Americans are more likely than the national average to develop angle-closure glaucoma, caused by rapid or sudden increases in pressure inside the eye. Glaucoma is often characterized by the loss of periphery vision that can progress to complete vision loss without treatment. People of Japanese descent are also more prone to a particular type of the disease, called low-tension glaucoma.
Caucasians
While cataracts are more common among African Americans and Hispanics, Caucasians are also at risk. Extended exposure to UV rays from the sun is a risk factor.Hispanics
CataractsAmong Hispanics, cataracts are three times more common vs. Caucasians and African Americans. The disease is the leading cause of visual impairment among Hispanic adults. Extended exposure to UV rays is a risk factor.
---------------
{Orientals and the eyes of black people are more deformed, this is why they have more eye problems}.
---------------
Glaucoma in the African American and Hispanic Communities
https://www.brightfocus.org/glaucoma/article/glaucoma-african-american-and-hispanic-communities
----------------
African Americans and Glaucoma
https://www.glaucoma.org/glaucoma/african-americans-and-glaucoma.php
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How Popular Dog Breeds Have Changed Over Time
https://brightside.me/wonder-animals/how-popular-dog-breeds-have-changed-over-time-649110/
{Look at how the Pug dog actually became a dysgenic race of dog.
Many say that different races of humans had a similar fate as the Pug.
Many say that blacks are not the original humans, and that whites are the original humans.
Look at what happens when a group of species becomes dysgenic in a dog species, many think
that this is a form of dysgenic devolution. Many think that certain dysgenic mutations would have a similar effect in humans.
The Pug is a brachycephalic breed and their traits have become exaggerated. As a result, they have heart and breathing problems, high blood pressure, and low blood oxygen levels.
We can clearly see that the results for the Pug dog is similar to dysgenic traits in black humans. Both Pugs and black people have additional heart and breathing problems, including high blood pressure}.
----------------------
More oxygen in eyes of African-Americans may help explain glaucoma risk
http://www.isionaware.org/blog/visionaware-blog/african-american-patients-highest-risk-for-diabetic-retinopathy-and-lowest-rates-for-follow-up-eye-care-%E2%80%93-what-kind-of-education-is-needed/12
They found that oxygen levels are significantly higher in the eyes of African-Americans with glaucoma than in Caucasians with the disease. The researchers report their findings in the July issue of the Archives of Ophthalmology. They suspect that more oxygen may damage the drainage system in the eye, resulting in elevated pressure. Higher pressure can damage the optic nerve, causing blindness.
The study provides the first physiologic clue about the link between race and risk for glaucoma. Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness among African-Americans. Compared to Caucasians, glaucoma is about six times more common in African-Americans, and blindness caused by glaucoma is roughly 16 times more likely in African-Americans.
-------------------
Why 7 Deadly Diseases Strike Blacks Most
Diabetes is 60% more common in black Americans than in white Americans. Blacks are up to 2.5 times more likely to suffer a limb amputation and up to 5.6 times more likely to suffer kidney disease than other people with diabetes.
African-Americans are three times more likely to die of asthma than white Americans.
Deaths from lung scarring -- sarcoidosis -- are 16 times more common among blacks than among whites. The disease recently killed former NFL star Reggie White at age 43.
Despite lower tobacco exposure, black men are 50% more likely than white men to get lung cancer.
Strokes kill 4 times more 35- to 54-year-old black Americans than white Americans. Blacks have nearly twice the first-time stroke risk of whites.
Blacks develop high blood pressure earlier in life -- and with much higher blood pressure levels -- than whites. Nearly 42% of black men and more than 45% of black women aged 20 and older have high blood pressure.
Cancer treatment is equally successful for all races. Yet black men have a 40% higher cancer death rate than white men. African-American women have a 20% higher cancer death rate than white women.
Why?
Genes definitely play a role. So does the environment in which people live, socioeconomic status -- and, yes, racism, says Clyde W. Yancy, MD, associate dean of clinical affairs and medical director for heart failure/transplantation at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/features/why-7-deadly-diseases-strike-blacks-most#1
---------------------
Asthma Studies Raise Thorny Questions about Race and Genetics
Research shows that African-Americans don’t respond as well as their white counterparts to some of the most common asthma controller medications, raising questions about how those medications are tested in clinical trials.http://www.calhealthreport.org/2017/05/01/asthma-studies-raise-thorny-questions-about-race-and-genetics/
---------------------
Genetic Ancestry Is Associated With Measures of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in African Americans
Conclusions—
Overall, our findings indicate that genetic ancestry was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, suggesting unmeasured risk factors and interactions with genetic factors might contribute to the distribution of subclinical atherosclerosis among African Americans.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304855
-----------------------
HPV Vaccines May Be Less Effective in African American Women
African American women are more likely to have HPV strains that are not included in current vaccines.
https://www.everydayhealth.com/womens-health/hpv-vaccines-may-be-less-effective-in-african-american-women-researchers-find.aspx
-------------------------
CDC: Genital Herpes Among Black Women High
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124628530
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Interracial Marriage More Common Than Ever, but Black Women Still Lag
Americans more likely to marry outside of their race, especially black men
----------------------
Breast Cancer in Young African American Women
https://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/toolstemplates/entertainmented/tips/BreastCancerAfricanAmerican.html
Resources for Entertainment Education Content Developers.
What’s the Problem?
Every year, 24,000 women under the age of 45 are diagnosed with breast cancer; and 3,000 will die as a result. Young African American women under the age of 35 have breast cancer rates that are two times higher than Caucasian women of the same age. Furthermore, young African American women are three times as likely to die from breast cancer as Caucasian women of the same age. Once diagnosed, young African American women face unique challenges that are either not present or are less severe for older women. Having a breast health course of action and discussing the significant implications of a breast cancer diagnosis is essential for young African American women in taking care of their health.--------------------
Eye Diseases Among African Americans
The most common eye diseases and conditions that affect African Americans include cataract, diabetic eye disease, glaucoma, and low vision. Many of these diseases and conditions do not have noticeable symptoms in their early stages, but they can be detected through a comprehensive dilated eye exam. Treatment is most effective when an eye disease is diagnosed early.
https://nei.nih.gov/nehep/programs/write-the-vision/eye-diseases-among-african-americans
----------------------
African Americans at Increased Risk for Eye Diseases
https://yoursightmatters.com/african-americr-eye-diseases/
-----------------------
Immune system of African-Americans responds more strongly to bacterial infection
This immune system response is partly genetic!
While the immune system of African Americans responds more strongly, Professor Barreiro is careful to qualify it as better: "The immune system of African Americans responds differently, but we cannot conclude that it is better, since a stronger immune response also has negative effects, including greater susceptibility to autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease. Too much inflammation can damage organs and leave sequelae. In short, a strong immune response can be beneficial in some areas but a disadvantage in others.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-10/uom-iso101716.php
---------------------------
Racial Classification of Indian People (by Different Anthropologist)
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/anthropology/racial-classification-of-indian-people-by-different-anthropologist/41839
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FACTSHEET: Africa’s leading causes of death
https://africacheck.org/factsheets/factsheet-africas-leading-causes-death/
Africa’s top 5 causes of death
#1 Lower respiratory tract infections
The leading cause of death in Africa, lower respiratory tract infections target your airways and lungs. Diverse in origin, they stem from many viruses and bacteria and occasionally fungi or parasites.
The most common illnesses are bronchitis or pneumonia. Pneumonia is single-handedly responsible for 16% of global deaths of children younger than five, with a significantly greater share in Africa.
The notable exclusion from this category is tuberculosis as the disease can infect virtually anywhere in the body even if initially limited to the lungs.
----------
What You Should Know About Sickle Cell Trait
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/documents/SCD%20factsheet_Sickle%20Cell%20Trait.pdf
In their extreme form and in rare cases, the following conditions could be harmful for people with
SCT:Increased pressure in the atmosphere (e.g., while scuba diving).
•Low oxygen levels in the air
(e.g., when mountain climbing,
•exercising extremely hard in military boot camp, or training for
an athletic competition).Dehydration (e.g., too little water in the body).
•High altitudes
(e.g., flying, mountain climbing, or visiting a city at
•a high altitude).
-----------
{After reading the problem with genetics in blacks and in Pug dogs, many people have changed their opinion on the theory that blacks were the first humans with all of these dysgenic traits.
We can see the species of Pug has actually now regressed, this same type of devolution happens
in humans as well. We can see how many African bushmen have an IQ average of around 70 in some places, when we have white people with an IQ of over 120 inventing nuclear weapons and new types of lazers.
Could it be possible for a dysgenic species of Pug to breed with another species of dog to try and
revitalize its species and become a new hybrid breed of dog}.
--------------------------
Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachycephalic_airway_obstructive_syndrome
------
{Some blacks even look like dogs, some blacks even look like a Pit Bull or Doberman}.
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Snoop Dogg turns into a dog
SNOOP DOGG - WHO AM I (WHATS MY NAME)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hIjgofcuWU
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A Dog's Size and Head Shape Predicts Its Behavior
The shape and size of a dog seems to be associated with its temperament.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/canine-corner/201603/dogs-size-and-head-shape-predicts-its-behavior
Our
selective breeding of dogs has modified their size and their shape
dramatically so that the more than 400 recorded breeds of dogs are
easily recognizable based on their physical characteristics. It also
appears that there is some correlation between a dog's head shape and
the functions that they perform for humans; for example the sighthounds
(who pursue game over open ground) tend to have long narrow heads, while
many of the guarding breeds tend to have more square shaped heads.
A
team of researchers headed by Holly Stone of the Faculty of Veterinary
Science at the University of Sydney in Australia decided to see if the
body size and head shape of dogs predicted aspects of canine behavior.
Their report appears in the journal PLoS ONE. This is a massive study,
involving 67,368 dogs from 45 different breeds. Data collection was done
over a period of eight years at 235 testing areas in Sweden. The
behavior testing was done using the Dog Mentality Assessment Test, which
is a standardized behavioral test involving 10 different subtests
designed to measure a dog's aggressiveness, defensiveness, playfulness
and sociability, fearfulness, chase instinct, curiosity and so forth.
Some of the subtests involve observing the dog's reactions to
individuals who appear to be strange or threatening, other measures test
their reactions to sudden events like strange sounds, gunshots, or
dummies that pop up from nowhere.
The physical
variables that the researchers were interested in were primarily the
height and weight of the dog, and the shape of the dog's head. While the
first two variables are obvious the shape of the dog's head requires a
bit of explanation. There is a lot of variability in head shape among
the various dog breeds. Put simply, head shape ranges from the
long-headed dogs, technically called "dolichocephalic" (such as the
Afghan Hound or the Greyhound) to the broader wide-skulled dogs
technically called "brachycephalic" (such as the Pug or French Bulldog).
In between are the "mesocephalic" (sometimes called "mesaticephalic")
which would include the Golden Retriever or the Beagle. You can see some
examples below.
The dog's height predicted a number of
aspects of the dog's behavioral tendencies. It may be a surprise to
many people to find that shorter dogs were found to be generally more
aggressive than taller dogs. In addition the taller dogs tended to show
more affection, cooperation, and playfulness with humans.
The
dog's weight also predicted certain personality characteristics.
Heavier dogs tended to be bolder, more inquisitive, and attentive.
Lighter dogs tended to be more cautious and fearful.
Head
shape also predicted some differences in temperament. The
brachycephalic dogs seem to be more engaged with their owners with a
higher interest in human-directed play. On the other hand these
short-faced dogs were more defensive when faced with a difficult to
interpret situation (such as seeing a person dressed like a ghost). The
dolichocephalic dogs seem to be less likely to engage in object play,
especially with unfamiliar humans. However these long-faced dogs were
not as easily startled and recovered more quickly when an unexpected
event occurred.
These are just the major findings.
However the overall conclusion is that the height, weight, and head
shape of dogs can predict certain important behavioral and temperament
variables including certain aspects of aggression, fearfulness,
sociability and affection. In general it supports Sigmund Freud's
contention that "Physiology is destiny," at least when it comes to the
size and shape of dogs.
For those of you who are
curious (perhaps to check the head shape of your own dog) I have
included a brief list of dog breeds classified by their head shape
below:
List of dolichocephalic (long-headed) dog breeds
Afghan Hound
Airedale Terrier
Basset Hound
Bedlington Terrier
Bloodhound
Borzoi
Bull Terrier
Cesky Terrier
Dachshund
Doberman Pinscher
English Bull Terrier
German Shepherd
Great Dane
Greyhound
Ibizan Hound
Irish Wolfhound
Italian Greyhound
Manchester Terrier
Miniature Bull Terrier
Pharaoh Hound
Poodle
Rough Collie
Saluki
Scottish Deerhound
Scottish Terrier
Shetland Sheepdog
Smooth Fox Terrier
Whippet
Wire Fox Terrier
List of mesocephalic (medium-headed) dog breeds
Alaskan Malamute
American Cocker Spaniel
Australian Cattle Dog
Australian Shepherd
Basenji
Beagle
Bearded Collie
Beauceron
Belgian Malinois
Belgian Sheepdog
Bernese Mountain Dog
Bichon Frisé
Black and Tan Coonhound
Border Collie
Border Terrier
Brittany Spaniel
Cairn Terrier
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Chinese Crested
Clumber Spaniel
Dalmatian
English Cocker Spaniel
English Foxhound
English Springer Spaniel
Field Spaniel
German Shorthaired Pointer
Golden Retriever
Irish Setter
Japanese Spitz
Keeshond
Komondor
Kuvasz
Labrador Retriever
Maltese
Miniature Pinscher
Norfolk Terrier
Norwich Terrier
Papillon
Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Pomeranian
Rottweiler
Saint Bernard
Samoyed
Siberian Husky
Vizsla
Weimaraner
West Highland White Terrier
Yorkshire Terrier
List of brachycephalic (short-headed) dog breeds
Affenpinscher
American Pit Bull Terrier
American Staffordshire Terrier
Boston Terrier
Boxer
Brussels Griffon
Bulldog
Bullmastiff
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Chow Chow
Dogo Argentino
Dogue de Bordeaux
English Mastiff
French Bulldog
Japanese Chin
King Charles Spaniel (or English Toy Spaniel)
Lhasa Apso
Neapolitan Mastiff
Newfoundland
Pekingese
Pug
Shar-Pei
Silky Terrier
Tibetan Spaniel
Yorkshire Terrier.
{We
can see that the Pug is classified as the same head type of
brachycephalic (short-headed) dog breeds as a Pit Bull and Chow Chow, two
of the some of the most unpredictive dogs known to attack humans. It seems that
each head type of dog has its own different aggressive dogs
as well. Maybe this is sometimes why some races act more aggressive than others, and why
some third world nations continue to be in the state of decay that they are in}.
----------------
Variation of BMP3 Contributes to Dog Breed Skull Diversity
https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/files/9919170/Variation_of_BMP3_Contributes_to_Dog_Breed_Skull_Diversity.pdf
----------------------
Impact of Facial Conformation on Canine Health: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome
Abstract
The
domestic dog may be the most morphologically diverse terrestrial
mammalian species known to man; pedigree dogs are artificially selected
for extreme aesthetics dictated by formal Breed Standards, and
breed-related disorders linked to conformation are ubiquitous and
diverse. Brachycephaly–foreshortening of the facial skeleton–is a
discrete mutation that has been selected for in many popular dog breeds
e.g. the Bulldog, Pug, and French Bulldog. A chronic, debilitating
respiratory syndrome, whereby soft tissue blocks the airways,
predominantly affects dogs with this conformation, and thus is labelled
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). Despite the name of
the syndrome, scientific evidence quantitatively linking brachycephaly
with BOAS is lacking, but it could aid efforts to select for healthier
conformations. Here we show, in (1) an exploratory study of 700 dogs of
diverse breeds and conformations, and (2) a confirmatory study of 154
brachycephalic dogs, that BOAS risk increases sharply in a non-linear
manner as relative muzzle length shortens. BOAS only occurred in dogs
whose muzzles comprised less than half their cranial lengths. Thicker
neck girths also increased BOAS risk in both populations: a risk factor
for human sleep apnoea and not previously realised in dogs; and obesity
was found to further increase BOAS risk. This study provides evidence
that breeding for brachycephaly leads to an increased risk of BOAS in
dogs, with risk increasing as the morphology becomes more exaggerated.
As such, dog breeders and buyers should be aware of this risk when
selecting dogs, and breeding organisations should actively discourage
exaggeration of this high-risk conformation in breed standards and the
show ring.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0137496
----------------------
Brachycephalic Feline Noses
Ct and anatomical study of the relationship between head conformation and the nasolacrimal drainage system
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.09.010
-------------------------
Flat-Faced Cats Are Even Weirder Than They Look
"If you are a light sleeper, they do tend to snore."
https://www.thedodo.com/close-to-home/flat-faced-cat-breed-health-problems
--------------------------
Brachycephalic Dogs And Cats
Breeds
To Watch In And Around Water – breeds to watch closely in and around
water because of their propensity to breathe in the water while swimming
or running around.
https://www.pve.net.au/44-brachycephalic/
{Could this be the reason why brachycephalic Africans are not very good swimmers}?
-----------------
The Genetics of Canine Skull Shape Variation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3567726/
---------------
Ethnic Differences in BMI and Disease Risk
The
chance of developing diabetes, heart disease, and other weight-related
health risks increases with increasing body mass index (BMI). But theres
strong evidence that at any given BMI, these health risks are markedly
higher in some ethnic groups than others.
The Nurses
Health Study, for example, tracked patterns of weight gain and diabetes
development in 78,000 U.S. women, to see if there were any differences
by ethnic group. All women were healthy at the start of the study.
After 20 years, researchers found that at the same BMI, Asians had more
than double the risk of developing type 2 diabetes than whites;
Hispanics and blacks also had higher risks of diabetes than whites, but
to a lesser degree. Increases in weight over time were more harmful in
Asians than in the other ethnic groups: For every 11 pounds Asians
gained during adulthood, they had an 84 percent increase in their risk
of type 2 diabetes; Hispanics, blacks, and whites who gained weight also
had higher diabetes risks, but again, to a much lesser degree than
Asians. Several other studies have found that at the same BMI, Asians
have higher risks of hypertension and cardiovascular disease than their
white European counterparts, and a higher risk of dying early from
cardiovascular disease or any cause.
Researchers are
still teasing out why Asians have higher weight-related disease risks at
lower BMIs. One possible explanation is body fat. When compared to
white Europeans of the same BMI, Asians have 3 to 5 percent higher total
body fat. South Asians, in particular, have especially high levels of
body fat and are more prone to developing abdominal obesity, which may
account for their very high risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular
disease. In contrast, some studies have found that blacks have lower
body fat and higher lean muscle mass than whites at the same BMI, and
therefore, at the same BMI, may be at lower risk of obesity-related
diseases. (Keep in mind, though, that in the U.S., the prevalence of
obesity is higher in non-Hispanic blacks than in non-Hispanic whites, so
the overall burden of obesity-related diseases is still higher in this
group. Read more about obesity trends in the U.S. and other countries.)
While
genetic differences may be at the root of these different body fat
patterns in Asians and other ethnic groups, environmental factors seem
to be a much stronger force. For example, research suggests that
under-nutrition during fetal life, such as during the Chinese famine of
1954 to 1964, raises the risk of diabetes in adulthood, especially when
individuals live in nutritionally rich environments later in life. (Read
more about prenatal and early life influences on obesity.)
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/ethnic-differences-in-bmi-and-disease-risk/
---------------------------
Ethnic differences in bone geometry between White, Black and South Asian men in the UK
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5004623/
----------------------------
Is Girls’ Generation the outcome of the Pleistocene mind?
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/02/is-girls-generation-the-outcome-of-the-pleistocene-mind/#.XF5nHrh7mcw
There’s
an excellent paper up at Cell right now, Modeling Recent Human
Evolution in Mice by Expression of a Selected EDAR Variant. It
synthesizes genomics, computational modeling, as well as the effective
execution of mouse models to explore non-pathological phenotypic
variation in humans. It was likely due the last element that this paper,
which pushes the boundary on human evolutionary genomics, found its way
to Cell (and the “impact factor” of course).
The focus
here is on EDAR, a locus you may have heard of before. By fiddling with
the EDAR locus researchers had earlier created “Asian mice.” More
specifically, mice which exhibit a set of phenotypes which are known to
distinguish East Asians from other populations, specifically around hair
form and skin gland development. More generally EDAR is implicated in
development of ectodermal tissues. That’s a very broad purview, so it
isn’t surprising that modifying this locus results in a host of
phenotypic changes. The figure above illustrates the modern distribution
of the mutation which is found in East Asians in HGDP populations.
One
thing to note is that the derived East Asian form of EDAR is found in
Amerindian populations which certainly diverged from East Asians >
10,000 years before the present (more likely 15-20,000 years before the
present). The two populations in West Eurasia where you find the derived
East Asian EDAR variant are Hazaras and Uyghurs, both likely the
products of recent admixture between East and West Eurasian populations.
In Melanesia the EDAR frequency is correlated with Austronesian
admixture. Not on the map, but also known, is that the Munda
(Austro-Asiatic) tribal populations of South Asia also have low, but
non-trivial, frequencies of East Asian EDAR. In this they are
exceptional among South Asian groups without recent East Asian
admixture. This lends credence to the idea that the Munda are
descendants in part of Austro-Asiatic peoples intrusive from Southeast
Asia, where most Austro-Asiatic languages are present.
And
yet one thing that jumps out at me is that there is no East Asian EDAR
in European populations, even in Russians. I am a bit confused by this
result, because of the possibility of Siberian-affiliated population
admixture with Europeans within the last 10,000 years, as adduced by
several researchers (this is not an obscure result, it manifests in
TreeMix repeatedly). The second figure shows the inferred region from
which the East Asian EDAR haplotype expanded over the past 30,000 years.
The authors utilized millions of forward simulations with a host of
parameters to model the expansion of EDAR, so that it fit the
distribution pattern that is realized (see the supplements here for the
parmeters). To make a long story short they infer that there was one
mutation on the order of ~30,000 years before the present, and that it
swept up in frequency driven by selection coefficients on the order of
~0.10 (10% increase relative fitness, which is incredibly powerful!).
This is on the extreme end of selective sweeps, and likely of the same
class as the haplotype blocks which characterize SLC24A5 and LCT (the
block is shorter, though that makes sense because of the deeper time
depth). Again, I am perplexed why such an ancient allele, which is found
in Amerindians, or Munda populations, is absent in Europeans who have
putative East Eurasian admixture. The whole does not cohere for me.
There is a weak point in one or more of my assumptions.
Then
there’s the section on the mouse model. To me this aspect was
ingenious, though I’m not particularly able to assess it on its
technicalities. The earlier usage of mouse models to test the effects of
mutations on EDAR was in the context of coarse copy number changes
which resulted in massive dosage changes of protein. The phenotypic
outcomes were rather extreme in that case. Here they used a “knockin”
model where they recreated the specific EDAR point mutation. Instead of
extreme phenotypes they found that the mice were much more normal in
their range of traits, though the hair form shifts were well aligned
with what occurred in humans. Additionally there were some changes in
the number of eccrine glands, with a larger number in the derived East
Asian EDAR carriers (with additive effect). Finally they noticed that
there were differences in mammary gland pad area and branching. None of
this is that surprising, EDAR is a significant regulatory gene which
shapes the peripheries and exterior of an organism.
To
double check the human relevance of what they found in the mouse model
they performed a genome-wide association in a large cohort of Han
Chinese. The correlations of particular traits were in the directions
that they expected; those individuals with East Asian EDAR variants had
thicker hair, shovel-shaped incisors, and a greater density of eccrine
glands. It is perhaps important to note that the frequency of the
derived variant is so high in Han populations that they didn’t have
enough homozygote ancestral genotypes to perform statistics, so their
comparisons involved heterozygotes with the derived mutant and also a
copy of the ancestral state. This is like SLC24A5 in Europeans, where it
is difficult to find individuals of European heritage who have double
copies of the non-European modal variant.
Let’s review
all the awesome things they did in this study. They dug deeply into the
evolutionary genomics of the region around the EDAR, concluding that
this haplotype was driven up in frequency from on ancestral variant
~30,000 years ago in a hard selective sweep. And a sweep of notable
strength in terms of selection coefficient. This may be one of the
largest effect targets of natural selection in the genome of
non-Africans over the past 50,000 years. Second, they used a humanized
mouse model to explore the range of phenotypes correlated with this
mutational change in East Asians. So you have a strong selection
coefficient on a locus, and, a range of traits associated with changes
on that locus. Third, they confirmed the correlation between the traits
and the mutation in humans, despite there being prior research in this
area (i.e., they reproduced). This is all great science, and shows the
power of collaboration between the groups.
Much of the
elegance and power of the paper applies to the discussion section as
well, but to be frank this is where things start falling apart for me.
You can get a sense of it in The New York Times piece, East Asian
Physical Traits Linked to 35,000-Year-Old Mutation. The headline here
points to a legitimately important inference from this line of research,
many salient physical characteristics of the human races seem to be due
to strong selection events at a few loci. In addition to EDAR I’m
thinking of the pigmentation loci, such as SLC24A5. I wouldn’t be
surprised if there was something similar for the epicanthic fold. If it
is visible, and defines between populations differences, it is generally
not genomically trivial. There’s usually a story underneath that
difference.
In the broad scale of human natural history
the problem that arises for me is that we have traits, we have genes
under selection, but we have very weak stories to explain the mechanism
and context of natural selection. Here there is a strong contrast with
the loci around lactase persistence and malaria resistance. In those
situations the causal mechanism for the selection seems relatively
clear. Critics of evolutionary psychology are wont to accuse the field
of ‘Just So’ storytelling, but the same problem crops up in the more
intellectually insulated domain of evolutionary genomics (in part
because the field is very new, and also mathematically and
computationally abstruse). To illustrate what I’m talking about I’m
going to quote from the discussion of the above paper:
A high density of eccrine glands is a key hominin adaptation that
enables efficient evapo-traspiration during vigorous activities such as
long-distance walking and running (Carrier et al., 1984; Bramble and
Lieberman, 2004). An increased density of eccrine glands in 370A
carriers might have been advantageous for East Asian hunter-gatherers
during warm and humid seasons, which hinder evapo-transpiration.
Geological records indicate that China was relatively warm and humid
between 40,000 and 32,000 years ago, but between32,000 and 15,000 years
ago the climate became cooler and drier before warming again at the
onset of the Holocene (Wang et al., 2001; Yuan et al., 2004). Throughout
this time period, however, China may have remained relatively humid due
to varying contribution from summer and winter monsoons.
High humidity, especially in the summers, may have provided a
seasonally selective advantage for individuals better able to
functionally activate more eccrine glands and thus sweat more
effectively (Kuno, 1956). To explore this hypothesis, greater precision
on when and where the allele was under selection—perhaps using ancient
DNA sources—in conjunction with more detailed archaeological and
climatic data are needed.
A climate adaptation is
always a good bet. The problem I have with this hypothesis is that
modern day gradients in the distribution of this allele are exactly the
reverse of what one might expect in terms of adaptation to heat and
humidity. Additionally, is there no cost to this adaptation? After the
initial sweep upward, the populations where the derived EDAR mutant is
found in high frequencies went through the incredible cold of the Last
Glacial Maximum, and groups like the Yakuts are known to have cold
adaptations today. Not only that, but the Amerindians from the arctic to
the tropics all exhibit a cold adapted body morphology, the historical
consequence of the long sojourn in Berengia.
Granted,
the authors are not so simplistic, and the somewhat disjointed
discussion alludes to the fact that EDAR has numerous phenotypic
effects, and it may be subject to diverse positive selection pressures.
This seems plausible on the surface, but this complexity of mechanism
seems ill-fitted to the fact that the signal of selection around this
locus is so clean and crisp. It seems that this is not going to be an
easy story to unpack, and there’s a good deal of implicit
acknowledgement of that fact in this paper. But tacked right at the end
of the main text is this whopper:
It is worth
noting that largely invisible structural changes resulting from the 370A
allele that might confer functional advantage, such as increased
eccrine gland number, are directly linked to visually obvious traits
such as hair phenotypes and breast size. This creates conditions in
which biases in mate preference could rapidly evolve and reinforce more
direct competitive advantages. Consequently, the cumulative selective
force acting over time on diverse traits caused by a single pleiotropic
mutation could have driven the rise and spread of 370A.
A
simple takeaway is that the initial climatic adaptation may have given
way to a cultural/sexual selective adaptation, whereby there was a
preference for “good hair” as exemplified by pre-Western East Asian
canons (black and lustrous), as well as a bias toward small breasts.
This aspect gets picked up in The New York Times piece of course. I’ll
quote again:
But Joshua Akey, a geneticist at the
University of Washington in Seattle, said he thought the more likely
cause of the gene’s spread among East Asians was sexual selection. Thick
hair and small breasts are visible sexual signals which, if preferred
by men, could quickly become more common as the carriers had more
children. The genes underlying conspicuous traits, like blue eyes and
blond hair in Europeans, have very strong signals of selection, Dr. Akey
said, and the sexually visible effects of EDAR are likely to have been
stronger drivers of natural selection than sweat glands.
The
passage here is ambiguous because the author of the article, Nick Wade,
doesn’t use quotes, and I don’t know what is Akey and what is Wade’s
gloss on Akey. For example, for theoretical reasons of reproductive skew
(a few men can have many children) in general sexual selection is
considered to be driven most often by female preference for male
phenotypes. I assume Akey knows this, so I suspect that that section is
Wade’s gloss (albeit, a reasonable one given the proposition of
preference for smaller breasts). The main question on my mind is how
seriously prominent population geneticists such as Joshua Akey actually
take sexual selection to be as a force driving variation and selection
in human populations. It seems that quite often sexual selection is
presented as a deus ex machina. A phenomenon which can rescue our
confusion as to the origins of a particular suite of traits. But our
assessment of the likelihood of sexual selection presumably has to be
premised on prior expectations informed by a balance of different forces
one can gauge from the literature, and here my knowledge of the current
sexual selection literature is weak. Perhaps my skepticism is premised
on my ignorance, and the population geneticists who proffer up this
explanation are more informed as to the state of the literature.
All
this brings me back to the farcical title. When this paper first made
news last week I was having dinner with a friend of Japanese heritage
(who spent his elementary school years in Japan). I asked him point
blank, “Do you like small breasts?” His initial response was “WTF!?!
Razib,” but as a mouse geneticist he understood the thrust of my
question after I outlined the above results to him. From personal
communication with many East Asian American males I am not convinced
that there is a overwhelmingly strong preference for small breasts
within this subset of the population. But the key here is American.
These are individuals immersed in American culture. The norms no doubt
differ in East Asia. The typical visual representation of celebrity East
Asian females that we see in the American media depict individuals who
are slimmer and more understated in their secondary sexual
characteristics than is the norm among Western female celebrities (e.g.,
Gong Li, the new crop of Korean pop stars, even taking into account the
plastc surgery of the latter). Part of this is no doubt the reality
that the normal range of variation across the population differs, and
part of it may be the nature of aesthetic preferences.
But
the possibility of deep rooted psychological reasons driving sexual
selection (to my knowledge there was no culture which spanned South
China and Siberia) brings us back to old ideas about the Pleistocene
mind. And, it brings us back to evolutionary psychology, a field which
is the whipping boy of both skeptics of the utility of evolutionary
science in understanding human nature, and rigorous practitioners of
evolutionary biology. And yet here it is not the evolutionary
psychologists, but rock-ribbed statistical geneticists who I often see
being quoted in the media invoking sexual selection. But do we know it
is sexual selection, or is it just our best guess? Because more often
than not best guesses are wrong (though best guesses are much more
likely to be right than worst guesses!).
Evolutionary
genomics has come a long way in the past 10 years. We know, for example,
the genetic architecture and some aspects of the natural history of
many traits. But, there are still shortcomings. Lactase persistence is
the exception to the rule. Even a phenotype as straightforward as human
pigmentation has no undisputed answer as to why it has been the repeated
target of selection across Eurasia over the past 40,000 years.
Oftentimes the right answer is simply that we just don’t know.
---------------------
{If you were going to say what race of humans were flat faced, you would probably
say Oriental humans.
Are Orientals the flat faced version of humans? Well yes}.
---------------------------
Obesity Is Associated With a Lower Resting Oxygen Saturation in
the Ambulatory Elderly: Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3885157/
-----------
Dark skin decreases the accuracy of pulse oximeters at low oxygen saturation: the effects of oximeter probe type and gender.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048893
------------
Effects of Skin Pigmentation on Pulse Oximeter Accuracy at Low Saturation
http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1942319
-----------
A
gene thought to be involved in helping people to cope with low levels
of oxygen when they live at high altitudes could become a target for new
drugs to treat heart disease at low altitude
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/gene-which-helps-people-cope-with-low-oxygen-levels-at-high-altitudes-could-become-target-for-new-10436227.html
Researchers
say mice with variants of the endothelin receptor type B gene perform
better than ordinary mice when subjected to low levels of oxygen
A
gene thought to be involved in helping people to cope with low levels
of oxygen when they live at high altitudes could become a target for new
drugs to treat heart disease at low altitude, scientists have found.
Variants
of the gene found in the genome of Ethiopians who live most of their
lives several thousand feet above sea level are believed to play a key
role in helping people overcome the problems linked with low-oxygen
concentrations when living at high-altitudes.
Now
researchers have found that laboratory mice with low-level variants of
the endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) gene perform better than ordinary
mice when subjected to low concentrations of oxygen – which could also
help to explain why East Africans tend to be good at endurance sports
such as long-distance running.
“This is the first
demonstration that a gene involved in high-altitude adaptation is
critical in protecting cardiac function in moderate to severe hypoxia
[low oxygen] at sea level,” said Gabriel Haddad of the University of
California San Diego.
------------
Nocturnal
haemoglobin oxygen desaturation inurban and rural East African
paediatric cohorts withand without sickle cell anaemia: a
cross-sectionalstudy
https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/early/2015/12/22/archdischild-2014-306468.full.pdf
-----------
{Notice how Blacks faces and noses are different than whites, and why blacks have different distinct voices than whites}.
-----------
Do people of different races have different voices?
https://io9.gizmodo.com/do-people-of-different-races-have-different-voices-5928125
-------------
Kenya introduces ambitious efforts to tackle pneumonia
https://clintonhealthaccess.org/kenya-introduces-ambitious-efforts-to-tackle-pneumonia/
------------
Three High-Altitude Peoples, Three Adaptations to Thin Air
Indigenous
people in the Andes Mountains, Tibetan Plateau, and Ethiopian Highlands
have different methods for coping with oxygen-thin air.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2004/02/high-altitude-adaptations-evolution/
------------
How does altitude affect the body and why does it affect people differently?
http://theconversation.com/how-does-altitude-affect-the-body-and-why-does-it-affect-people-differently-95657
-------------
Curious Kids: Why do our ears pop?
http://theconversation.com/curious-kids-why-do-our-ears-pop-97259
{The air pressure of the climate a person lives in can determine their blood pressure}.
--------------
Low oxygen levels could drive cancer growth, research suggests
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503194219.htm
---------------
What's the Connection? Your Heart Can Affect Your Breathing
https://www.nationaljewish.org/health-insights/health-infographics/whats-the-connection-your-heart-can-affect-your-breathing
--------------
The incredible naked mole rat can survive with hardly any oxygen
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2128428-the-incredible-naked-mole-rat-can-survive-with-hardly-any-oxygen/
---------------
Effects of mild lack of oxygen at birth 'long-term'
https://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/health/effects-of-mild-lack-of-oxygen-at-birth-longterm-29907475.html
---------------
Could a Few Extra Pounds Help You Live Longer?
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/could-a-few-extra-pounds-help-you-live-longer/
----------------
Central corneal thickness of Caucasians, Chinese, Hispanics, Filipinos, African Americans, and Japanese in a glaucoma clinic.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15582076
-----------------
Atrial fibrillation among African Americans, Hispanics and Caucasians: clinical features and outcomes from the AFFIRM trial.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16573295
----------------
Why Do Chinese People Have Slanted Eyes?
https://www.asymptotejournal.com/special-feature/amanda-lee-koe-why-do-chinese-people-have-slanted-eyes/
By
the by, to term it "Chinese" eyes isn't quite accurate, for the
condition isn't unique to the Chinese, but a definitive racial trait of
the Mongoloids—though the word is pejorative now, it was utilised in
early ethnology and we still use it in academic formality; we mean no
harm, but things move so slowly here. We're talking Siberian, North
Mongoloid, Central Mongoloid, South Mongoloid, Indonesian, Polynesian,
Eskimo, and Amerindian.
The epicanthic fold was one of
several adaptations to the cold, the bitter conditions of the Mammoth
steppe during the Middle Pleistocene, some 600,000 to 370,000 years ago.
The others: short limbs, flat faces, short noses, lower surface to mass
ratio, cyclical vasodilation, and vasoconstriction of the peripheral
capillaries.
--
{We can clearly see that Orientals faces mutated and that the skin of Orientals is still white,
and they were in the cold climates as well.
Were Oriental people once white skinned people who eventually had a genetic mutation in their face?
Were Oriental people a product of breeding with Denisovans? We see other theories on how if humans were related to Heidelbergensis, Graecopithecus, Australopithecus, Homo Habilis and Homo erectus as well.
In Eurasia, of course being two different continents being pushed together, you are going
to find dark skinned people and light skinned people. It is only a matter of time that
white Orientals would breed with brown skin people. Look at how many people in Indonesia and Malaysia look very brown and almost Arabic, compared to being a white Oriental from the North of Asia. Look at how Eskimo people have white skin. Many however claim that white
people started to breed with Orientals in the northern parts of Asia, and this is why we see more white Orientals in the Northern part of Asia}.
--------------------
Comparison of vaginal shapes in Afro-American, caucasian and hispanic women as seen with vinyl polysiloxane casting.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10895030
-------------------
Racial Differences in Pelvic Anatomy by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593128/
---------------------
The incidence of urinary incontinence across Asian, black, and white women in the United States.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20042169
---------------------
Ethnic differences in pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance in South African women.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24464469
--------------
Asian Hair Types
https://theidleman.com/blogs/grooming/race-differences-hair-types
You
might be wondering why Asian hair is so straight. Well, Asian hair
grows from a round follicle which is responsible for that typically
straight hair. Plus, it makes it extremely versatile when it comes to
different hair styles. There are some differences in hair according to
different types of Asians. Chinese hair and Oriental Asian hair is
usually straight and is also the typical kind of Asian thin hair. East
Asian hair, in particular, is stronger, thicker, more resistant to
damages and hair loss when compared to other hair types.
Not
only is Asian hair less prone to hair loss, but Asian hair growth is
also remarkable. The average hair growth in a year is 15.3cm (1.3cm per
month) which makes Asian hair the fastest growing type as well as the
thickest hair in the world. If you're wondering why does Asian hair grow
so fast, it's because it also has the longest growth cycle lasting as
far as 9 years.
Race Differences in Hair Types
Asian Hair Vs Caucasian Hair
If
you're wondering why Asian hair is so thick, it's because East Asian
hair cuticles are much thicker and hair diameter is twice the size of
Caucasian hair. Even though Asian hair types normally have fewer hair
than Caucasians, the thickness of their hair shafts creates the
impression of a fuller head of hair. It's also pretty rare to see a bald
Asian as they experience less shedding of hair. It's also argued that
for each balding Asian man there are three balding Caucasians.
Alopecia in Black Hair
Traction
alopecia is the most common kind of hair loss amongst black people.
That is caused by putting hair under stress through tight hairstyles
such as braids and cornrows. However, black hair loss is also caused by
genetic factors.
In this case, DHT is the hormone
responsible for the shrinking of hair follicles and causes the hair to
grow thinner and eventually leading to the closing up of hair follicles
altogether. Once that happens, baldness becomes irreversible. Even
though the highest number of cases of androgenetic alopecia can be found
in Caucasian males, Afro hair follows suit. Another cause of hair loss
is trichophyton tonsurans, a fungal hair loss type which causes
localised hair loss and is most common in Afro hair.
Black Hair Breakage
As
we've mentioned before, black hair is naturally more delicate and
therefore it breaks more easily. However, black hair breakage can be
also induced via the frequent use of relaxers and hair colourants which
eventually lead to hair thinning. More importantly, this can also damage
the root which leads to more permanent hair loss.
Regrow Black Hair
Unfortunately,
there isn't one magic solution to hair loss. However, there are some
treatments and hair growth products for black hair that can help.
Natural products such as vitamins and supplements can, of course,
contribute to the general health of your hair and are a fundamental part
of a balanced diet. The only proven treatments for hair growth are a
combination of Propecia and minoxidil which can work on all types of
hair. However, it's always best to consult a professional to discuss
your specific case.
If you're wondering how to make
black male hair grow faster, there are no treatments that can guarantee
that result or make your hair longer. It's crucial to do everything in
your power to prevent your hair from breaking such as avoiding chemical
relaxers and hairstyles that can cause thinning.
Caucasian Hair Types
Caucasian
hair has the highest density amongst the different hair types. There
are many different textures of Caucasian hair as it can be fine,
straight, coarse or wavy and curly. Plus, there's an interesting range
of shades from red to browns and the lightest end of the spectrum with
blonde. Blondes have the greatest density with an average of 146.000
hairs on their heads followed by black hair with 110.000, brunettes with
100.000 and lastly red heads with 86.000.
--------------------
7 Reasons You're Drunker Than Your Friends
Experts weigh in on genetic, phsycial factors that affect alcohol tolerance.
https://abcnews.go.com/Health/Wellness/reasons-drunker-friends/story?id=14221338
---------------
For Asians, A Low BMI Doesn't Mean Healthy; Hypertension, Cholesterol Rates Equal To Blacks, Hispanics, And Whites
https://www.medicaldaily.com/asians-low-bmi-doesnt-mean-healthy-hypertension-cholesterol-rates-equal-blacks-hispanics-and-whites
---------------
Why Is the Obesity Rate So Low in Japan and High in the U.S.? Some Possible Economic Explanations
https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/14321/1/tr06-02s.pdf
-------------------
Modern human origins: multiregional evolution of autosomes and East Asia origin of Y and mtDNA
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/101410v5
---------------------------
Parasite Prevalence and the Worldwide Distribution of Cognitive Ability
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44888621_Parasite_Prevalence_and_the_Worldwide_Distribution_of_Cognitive_Ability
-----------------------------
China is Cheating the World Student Rankings System
Enough
is enough: Beijing must supply national data to assessors and not
simply the results of a small minority of elite students
http://world.time.com/2013/12/04/china-is-cheating-the-world-student-rankings-system/
---------------------
How Chinese cheat the I.Q test scores
https://www.amazians.com/forum/china/how-chinese-cheat-the-i-q-test-scores/
---------------------
Smartest in the world, or is China cheating?
December 2019
https://hongkongfp.com/2019/12/25/smartest-world-china-cheating/
---------------------
Why China’s Technology Theft Poses a Bigger Challenge Than That of the Soviet Union
May 13, 2020
China can better incorporate what it takes to “catch up.”
https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/why-chinas-technology-theft-poses-a-bigger-challenge-than-that-of-the-soviet-union/
---------------------
Are Asians the Smartest Race?
http://www.8asians.com/2011/05/27/are-asians-the-smartest-race/
{Orientals are smart, but not as smart as a white Einstein, white Da Vinci or White Tesla, China cheats more on IQ tests.}
---------------
IQ being lowered in America
https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=SN5rXLDzEMe0tQXGu5mICA&q=iq+being+lowered+in+america&btnK=Google+Search&oq=iq+being+lowered+in+america&gs_l=psy-ab.3..33i299.1454.1454..2327...0.0..0.89.163.2......0....2j1..gws-wiz.....0.ghj71vcU3hs
-----------
Average IQ by country - Race and IQ World Map
https://ourworldindata.org/intelligence
-------------------
Does IQ Really Predict Job Performance?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4557354/
---------------------
Human Development Reports
Expected years of schooling (years)
http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/69706
---------------
Human Development Reports
Mean years of schooling (years)
http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/103006
-----------
Can reading make you smarter?
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/23/can-reading-make-you-smarter
-------------
Cal Newport on Why We'll Look Back at Our Smartphones Like Cigarettes
https://www.gq.com/story/cal-newport-digital-minimalism
------------
{Now with the use of smartphones, we can see how cheating is even much easier}.
----------------
Poll: U.S. Teens Say Cheating Widespread
https://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/story?id=131890&page=1
----------------
A Bi-Hemispheric and Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Human Origins
http://anthropogenesis.kinshipstudies.org/blog/2017/01/25/world-science-en-route-from-out-of-africa-to-out-of-america-first-stop-is-out-of-asia/
--------------
Natives of South America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NSRW_Natives_of_South_America.png
--------------
Natives of North America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NSRW_Natives_of_North_America.png
-----------
Asiatic Types
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LA2-NSRW-1-0149.jpg
------------
Asian Bodies That Proudly Defy An Archetype
“You barely see Asian-American bodies in media. But when you do, you only see perfect, skinny ones.”
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/asian-american-body-image_us_5aea06bfe4b06748dc8effe7
----------
Why are so many Asians so thin?
https://www.quora.com/Why-are-so-many-Asians-so-thin
-----------
10 Reasons Why Asians Are so Slim
https://brightside.me/inspiration-health/10-reasons-why-asians-are-so-slim-366160/
-------------------
The Evolution of Looks and Expectations of Asian Eyelid and Eye Appearance
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4536060/
--------------------
{We can see how many Eskimos and Orientals are very white in skin color also. We can see how many Orientals get darker skin color the more south you go in East Asia. We can even see how Eskimo people would make wooden slits made for glasses to protect their eyes from the UV rays of the Sun}.
------------
Where on Earth has the highest UV?
https://www.niwa.co.nz/sites/niwa.co.nz/files/import/attachments/Liley_2.pdf
Abstract. Ultraviolet intensities in the New Zealand summer are extreme on the international UV Index scale, but it reflects the risk of erythema, and UVI’s origin in Canada, rather than the global range. We used 7 years of TOMS v 8 estimates of surface UV to review global peak intensities, and to identify where the highest UV occurs. Throughout the Altiplano region of Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina, UVI values exceed 20. The highest UVI of 25 was in the grid cell centred on Cuzco, in southern Peru (13.5° S, 3360 m a.s.l.). Peak values on the edge of the Antarctic Plateau also exceed the highest UVI in New Zealand, and are comparable to those at sea level in the tropics. The time of year for peak UV varies smoothly from spring in the Antarctic, under the annual ozone hole, through SH summer at mid-latitudes, March-April in the tropics, to NH summer in the northern extra-tropics.
A recent study showed that peak UVI values in NZ are about 40% more than at similar latitudes in North America (McKenzie et al., 2006).
Date of peak UV
Finally, in Figure 4 we show the day of year on which the peak UVI values occurred. Notice that the peak UVI in Antarctica occurs in early December when the effects of the Antarctic ozone hole are still present, and from Figure 2 this peak value is significantly more that at mid-latitudes such as New Zealand. Furthermore, during the period, there are 24 hours of daylight in Antarctica, so the total daily dose can be further enhanced compared with other locations.
------------
{We can see that many giant trees grow along the latitudes of where there are many intense UV rays}.
---------------
The Wild Experiment That Showed Evolution in Real Time
By
placing wild mice in large outdoor enclosures, an ambitious team of
scientists has illustrated the full process of natural selection in a
single study.
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/unprecedentedly-thorough-evolution-experiment/581521/
-----------------
Blepharitis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blepharitis
Blepharitis is one of the most common ocular conditions characterized by inflammation, scaling, reddening, and crusting of the eyelid. This condition may also cause burning, itching, or a grainy sensation when introducing foreign objects or substances to the eye. Although blepharitis is not sight-threatening, it can lead to permanent alterations of the eyelid margin. The overall etiology is a result of bacteria and inflammation from congested meibomian oil glands at the base of each eyelash. Other conditions may give rise to blepharitis, whether they be infectious or noninfectious, including, but not limited to, bacterial infections or allergies.
Causes:
Trauma
Chemical
Radiation
Surgical
Thermal
-------------------
9 Places You Should Never Swim (Never Ever!)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhrctVyD4JI
----------------------
Was there an ancient nuclear war
https://www.beyondsciencetv.com/2017/05/31/was-there-an-ancient-nuclear-war/
-------------------------
The Mohenjo Daro ‘Massacre’
https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-asia/mohenjo-daro-massacre-00819
------------------------
How fancy cats evolved: The science of our most adorable pets
https://www.salon.com/2015/05/25/how_fancy_cats_evolved_the_science_of_our_most_adorable_pets/
------------
Skulls from the Past: Archaeological Negotiations of Scientific Racism
https://www.archaeologybulletin.org/articles/10.5334/bha-590/
------------
China unveils technology to create SUPER-HUMANS via hyper-muscular test-tube dogs
https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/828735/China-clone-humans-super-soldier-breed-dog-genetic-engineer
----------------
8. From Collaboration to Conflict: The Racial Survey of 1923-1929
https://books.openedition.org/obp/2386?lang=en
-------------
Evaluation of Cephalic Indices: A Clue for Racial and Sex Diversity
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a5a9/5e0f2f8a851e84edd991841fd3b40ae6e041.pdf
--------------
Human Differentiation
Evolution of Racial Characteristics
http://www.internetlooks.com/humandifferentiation.html
-----------------------
Why is it so hard to see an Asian American football player in NFL and college football?
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-it-so-hard-to-see-an-Asian-American-football-player-in-NFL-and-college-football
--------------------------
BMI discriminates against black people – and everyone else too
https://metro.co.uk/2018/03/30/bmi-discriminates-against-black-people-and-everyone-else-too-7421228/
-----------------
8 Health Conditions That Disproportionately Affect Black Women
https://www.self.com/story/black-women-health-conditions
-----------
Exercise Not As Beneficial For Black Girls As Whites, Study Says
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/05/exercise-black-women-benefit-study_n_1571226.html
-------------
The Brutality Report - The Art of Glenn McCoy
My
strong hunch is that political cartoonist Glenn McCoy earned his
current status through quotas. As the only rabid right-winger in the New
York Times' online cartoon roster, McCoy carries a special burden.
https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/yv5zvk/the-brutality-report-the-art-of-glenn-mccoy
-------------
Biggest share of whites in U.S. are Boomers, but for minority groups it’s Millennials or younger
http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/07/biggest-share-of-whites-in-u-s-are-boomers-but-for-minority-groups-its-millennials-or-younger/
---------------
Is It True That Black Don’t Crack?
https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/ageing-different-races-wrinkles
----------------
Can Knowing Your Somatotype Help You Change Your Body Composition?
https://inbodyusa.com/blogs/inbodyblog/can-knowing-your-somatotype-help-you-change-your-body-composition/
----------------
Aging and Ageism: Cultural Influences
https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/90251_Chapter_2_Pages_from_Chonody_Social_Work_Practice_With_Older_Adults.pdf
----------------
{We see that Oriental people have flat faces and small noses, while we see that Jews have
giant noses.
Here is the thing, we have Jews as some of the higher IQs and breaking some world records in
weightlifting and sports. However, many of these so-called Jews are actually biologically white.
It is sad when you see some white Jew and he honestly does not even identify as being
white, but rather being a Jew. I have seen some of the whitest Aryan people in the world
claim that they are a Jew, and that they are not white. I know the type, and they really do
think that they are a true Jew of the Bible, and are in no way connected to being biologically
white
in any way or form. It just seems like it is just some white Khazarian
European that converted to Judaism, and then now somehow he is no longer
biologically white or European.
Many Jews have a higher percentage of Arabic DNA, and why we must keep Jews separate from a white ethno-state. Many of these so-called white Jews are not even fully white, and they are a mixed race ethno-religious group of people.
Some people will say that white Aryans were the true chosen people of the Bible, and these
half Gypsy and Half Arab Jews are ruining the good name of the Biblical people while trying to usurp the title of calling themselves the chosen race.
Some
people will disagree and say that once a Jew always a Jew. Many say that Jews are their own race, and should not be classified as white people,
which they do have a point. Yet, we can see that a lot of this Judaism
is more of a religion, yet it is also an ethno-religion. We should
deport all Jews away from white western society and Europe, and ship all Jews back to Israel. We do not want western society to inherit these brachycephalic Jewish problems and genetic diseases}.
------------
Eschewing the Nose Job in Image-Conscious L.A.
https://forward.com/sisterhood/322508/the-nose-job-in-la/
-----------------
Nose Jobs Are No Longer A Thing Among Teenage Jewish Girls
https://www.businessinsider.com/nose-job-numbers-shoot-down-for-jews-2012-6
-----------------
What's with Jews and their noses?
https://www.theapricity.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-65358.html
-----------------
Let's Talk about Chelsea Peretti's Nose
http://celestiaward.blogspot.com/2014/12/lets-talk-about-chelsea-perettis-nose.html
-----------------
Of Mongrels and Jews: The Deconstruction of Racialised Identities in White Supremacist Discourse
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13504639752050
ABSTRACT
This
research explores the construction of race and mixed race identities in
a wide variety of white supremacist newsletters and periodicals
published between 1969 and 1993. While traditional accounts of the white
supremacist movement treat it as a movement concerned with race
relations, I read this discourse as a site of the construction of race.
In white supremacist discourse, interracial sexuality is defined as the
ultimate abomination, and mixed race people pose a particularly strong
threat. This paper explores the ways in which mixed race people, and
Jews in particular, threaten the construction of a supposedly pure white
racial identity. Drawing upon the insights of poststructuralism, this
analysis will explore the role of boundary maintenance and the threat of
border crossings in the process of constructing racial identities.
------------------
They're Not Jews. They're MAGA People. And They Run Israel
https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-they-re-not-jews-they-re-maga-people-and-they-run-israel-1.6908864
---------------
Are Jews White? It's a Mistake Even to Ask
https://prospect.org/article/are-jews-white-its-mistake-even-ask
---------------
What makes African Americans much more dominant in the game of Basketball
https://www.reddit.com/r/nba/comments/27htfb/what_makes_african_americans_much_more_dominant/
{Black people are not much better in football, basketball or baseball, it is that
many whites become scientists and inventors. I even honestly did not have many
problems with having blacks ever being a better athlete than me in sports. I will
say that blacks are pretty fast which makes them good in sports, white people
often have more types of other strengths over blacks, and why you see a lot of white quarterbacks, linemen, coaches, etc.
There are a lot of
biologically white American and biologically white Jewish basketball
players that are as good as any black. Whites would rather become doctors
and inventors to make a living, instead of playing some basketball game and not really contributing anything that great to humanity.
There are many more important things to life than football and basketball, I wish that many
of you would grow up and stop trying to worship these people playing basketball and football
that are not even that good sometimes, please stop. So what if some guy can score over 40 points
a game because he hogs the basketball, then all of you make the biggest deal out of it.
It is sad seeing all these people try to glorify a monkey throwing a basketball around, rather
than an inventor or scientists that just invented a new invention or medical cure. Shame on the
people of America, and shame on humanity for the way many of you are acting.
Blacks and Mexicans that are trying to act like these gangsters are putting the rest of humanity at risk.
If I were in power I would be thinking how I could fix the problems in many of the degenerate black and Mexican gangster communities. Honestly, we would be better off just deporting a lot of this scum to Africa.
Then you see areas that are nice all white and very nice neighborhoods, and there is no crude black or Mexican gangster trash running around trying to ruin everything.
We do not like how you just see some black or mulatto kid on the streets, and he is just starting to form into wanting to grow up acting like some black gangster rapper. Honestly the person wasn't that bad starting out, then you see them regress into the ghetto hood rat they are over the course of many years. Then before you know it, some kid who was not too bad at one point, has now evolved into a ghetto hood rat. The best thing and almost the only thing that
will save America and first world nations is to kick out the blacks and many brown Hispanics
and Arabs. If we don't kick out many of these groups, we will have the rest of the world turn into a crude African ghetto or Muslim Ghetto}.
--------------
THIRTY YEARS OF RESEARCH ON RACE DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE ABILITY
https://www1.udel.edu/educ/gottfredson/30years/Rushton-Jensen30years.pdf
----------------
Are Jews Smarter?
http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/culture/features/1478/
{Biologically white Jews seem to be smarter than Gypsy Jews. Many of these so-called
white skinned Jews you see running around are really just a hybrid European race}.
---------------------------------------------
The “Uniqueness” of Ashkenazi Jewish Ancestry is Important for Health
https://blog.23andme.com/ancestry/the-uniqueness-of-ashkenazi-jewish-ancestry-is-important-for-health/
------------------------------------------
"Cutting Off Your Nose to Spite Your Race": Jewish Stereotypes, Media Images, Cultural Hybridity
https://www.jstor.org/stable/42944413?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\
{Some Jews say they are the chosen race, yet we see how many of these Jews have giant noses and ears, and even go as far as to have plastic surgery to hide these features. Then Jews go and say how Jews are somehow the chosen race. Even when Jews have been kicked out of dozens of countries, and why many nations are aware of how Jews will try to bring down nations. We do not believe that Jews are anymore chosen than anyone else. These Jews are really no better than many types of Gypsy cultures. If anyone is the chosen race it is white people, and not these Arab looking people with Arab looking features. Of course we do not want to say that big ears and a big nose is bad, but some of these 1/3rd Arab Jews do have undesireable traits. Many people dont want that Middle Eastern giant Arabic schnoz that sticks out and is not a desired trait compared to the true chosen white Aryans and white people. If I were to design humans I would try to phase out many of these degenerate Arab, African and watered down bloodlines. We must concentrate on saving humanity and making white people the majority future race over these Arabs, blacks and Mexicans}.
--------------
Do Jews Have Big Noses?!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxnPpXP3UEk
{We disagree with the following video, and that many Jews have way bigger noses than many people. Yet when you compare big nosed Jews to big nosed Italians, it can be about equal. We see what the guy in the video is trying to say, yet Jews have way larger noses than other races on average, such as Jews have way bigger noses than Orientals. African blacks many times have wider noses.
Many say that the genes that have this giant Jewish nose are also found in Arabs and some Italians, even some Irish are known for having big ears even. We would say that many Eastern Europeans also have a big nose and ear features as well. We would say that Nordic white people have smaller noses than Africans. Some say that Nordic people have smaller noses because they evolved in the cold climate, and that blacks have wider noses because they evolved in a hotter climate. It is widely up for debate if certain races of humans have been around longer than others. We appreciate the unique diversity in different features of different races, and why we promote segregation to save different races such as the white race from going extinct}.
--------------
Is race a factor in sports success?
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/aug/25/race.olympics2008
{We think that success in sports has to do with training, race, genes, nutrition and the culture that you are brought up in as well}.
-----------
Ethnicity.
Research shows that Caucasian and Asian women are more likely to
develop osteoporosis than women of other ethnic backgrounds. Hip
fractures are also twice as likely to happen in Caucasian women as in
African-American women.
https://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/guide/osteoporosis-risk-factors
------------------------
Ancient Man and His First Civilizations
http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/China_2.htm
{One theory to why all races can give birth to albino children is because whites were the original humans, and all other races have these white traits already built into their DNA. White people have the most variety of colors, while black people have very few colors. Do you notice how some poisonus animals have certain skin colors as a warning, this goes for the same as black people. This is a warning not to breed with blacks, including Arabs and Mexicans, and that blacks, Arabs and Mexicans mostly have become a degenerate messed off race that needs the majority of them to be sterilized in order to improve their own races and get rid of many of the lower IQ blacks and Muslims that are a nuisance to our society. This must be done for the better part of humanity and first world civilizations to survive over many of these third world low IQ degenerates invading and ruining Europe, America and the best parts of society as we speak
Remember
what I am offering for all races is to reduce the degenerate population
so that the better part of blacks, brown people and white people can
live without so many degenerates and to better each race. This is so not
only would a black be good at basketball, but they would also have a
high IQ instead of being some low IQ degenerate that does not contribute
anything to society}.
-------------------
Most people have pale palms which do not tan
Result of a quick look on the internet
Why do black people have white palm since all their bodies is black ?
Best Answer - Chosen by Voters
Simple: Because the skin of the palms always has very little
melanocytes (pigment producing cells) so even the darkest of people may
have pale palms.
Also, it might interest you to know that from person to person the
number of melanocytes doesn't vary all that much. It's just the amount
of melanin that they produce which varies a lot.
https://vitamindwiki.com/Most+people+have+pale+palms+which+do+not+tan
------------------------------
Why cant you get a tan on your palms?
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_cant_you_get_a_tan_on_your_palmsSkin contains the pigment melanin which is activated by exposure to light. The palms of your hands and the soles of your feet have much thicker layers of skin due to their regular contact and friction with other objects (the ground, tools, etc).
Melanocytes exist in the dermal layers of your palms and soles, but are buried beneath the more callous layers and are rarely directed at the sun. You could in theory try to tan your hands but the results would be pretty minimal compared to the rest of your body.
{We can clearly see all of the white features already built into blacks, everything from
blacks having white palms, to blacks being born as white albino people, and even being
able to have white children as well}.
------------------
The Genes for White Skin Didn’t Develop in Europe, UPenn Study Finds
Looking at genomes from different populations all over the African continent, researchers found the genetic variants responsible for skin pigmentation namely: SLC24A5, MFSD12, DDB1, TMEM138, OCA2, and HERC2. Geneticist Sarah Tishkoff was the senior author on this study. She said that in their paper, she and colleagues “show that mutations influencing light and dark skin have been around for a long time, since before the origin of modern humans.”
Our ancient ancestor Australopithecus, which lived in Eastern Africa between 3.85 and 2.95 million years ago, probably had light skin underneath dark fur. Chimps, one of our closest living relatives, are the same way. Since their fur protects them from the sun, there’s no need for more melanin.
At some point, an ancestor of ours was born without all that tremendous body hair. It was thought that shortly after, this hominin developed dark skin to protect it against harsh UV rays. So our oldest hairless ancestor may have had white skin, but only for a brief period.
https://bigthink.com/philip-perry/the-genes-for-white-skin-didnt-develop-in-europe-upenn-study-finds
{Theory: If we did originate from Africa, could we have originated from white skinned African beings. Now we see how everything is coming together and starting to make sense}.
------------------
THE YELLOW MEN OF CENTRAL AFRICA
https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1525/aa.1903.5.3.02a00080
The fact that there are large numbers of indigenes in the remote parts of the African continent whose skin is of bright copper color and whose physiognomy is quite different from that of the typical negro, is one comparatively little known to men of science, and is a source of surprise to the general public, although students of African anthropology and explorers of the interior of the continent are well aware of its occurrence. In my journeyings in the great Congo- Zambezi region I found many of these yellow people and became interested in their character and history. I have already described ' the appearance and character of my friend Ndombe, " king" of the Baschilange, who was one of the finest types of these light-colored men; but I have not yet recorded the facts connected with this phenomenon nor discussed the possible reasons for it.
------------------
Genetic Evidence for the Convergent Evolution of Light Skin in Europeans and East Asians
https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/24/3/710/1240790-------------------
Can East Asians Call Themselves 'Brown'?
https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/11/16/563798938/the-gray-area-between-yellow-and-brown-skin---------------------
New evidence suggests volcanoes caused biggest mass extinction ever
April 15, 2019
Mercury found in ancient rock around the world supports theory that eruptions caused 'Great Dying' 252 million years ago.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190415122249.htm
--------------------
66-million-year-old deathbed linked to dinosaur-killing meteor
Fossil site preserves animals killed within minutes of meteor impact
Date:
March 29, 2019
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190329144223.htm
-------------------
Why won’t this debate about an ancient cold snap die?
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/younger-dryas-comet-impact-cold-snap
---------------
Glacier Extent During the Younger Dryas and 8.2-ka Event on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/337/6100/1330
---------------
No, a Comet Didn't Destroy Advanced Civilization 12800 Years Ago
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIuR_vKZks4
{Some debate if this video is entirely accurate, we would like to show the video as an alternative theory.
Could a sea eruption event have caused the oceans to lose warmth and lose their currents to cause a mass extinction? Some claim that this is just another theory of what could have caused a mass extinction}.
------------
The Intriguing Problem Of The Younger Dryas—What Does It Mean And What Caused It?
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/06/19/the-intriguing-problem-of-the-younger-dryaswhat-does-it-mean-and-what-caused-it/
---------------
New evidence that cosmic impact caused Younger Dryas extinctions
https://phys.org/news/2013-08-evidence-cosmic-impact-younger-dryas.html
------------------
Mormon Church Finally Says Dark Skin is Not a Sign of God’s Curse
As of Friday, Dec. 6, the Mormon Church has officially renounced the doctrine that brown skin is a punishment from God.
In the “Book of Mormon,” (not the musical but the actual sacred text) dark skin is a sign of God’s curse, while white skin is a sign of his blessing. The book tells of a conflict between two lost tribes of Israel, the Lamanites and Nephites, who journeyed to the New World and made their home in Mesoamerica. The Lamanites sinned against God, and “because of their iniquity. …the Lord God did cause a skin of blackness to come upon them” (2 Nephi 5:21). Later, when Lamanites became Christians, “their curse was taken from them, and their skin became white like unto the Nephites” (3 Nephi 2:15).
These verses were thought to explain the dark skin of Native Americans. In 1960, Church apostle Spencer W. Kimball suggested at the general conference that Native Americans who converted to Mormonism were gradually becoming lighter skinned:
https://www.alternet.org/2013/12/mormon-church-dark-skin-sign-gods-curse-no-longer/
---------------------
Banned Mormon Cartoon - EXTENDED VERSION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3BqLZ8UoZk--------------------------------
The Mormons Were Correct (South Park)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pbr8IA1R5DE---------------------------------
Curse of Ham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_of_Ham
Contents
1 Origins
1.1 Genesis
2 Ham's transgression
2.1 Seeing nakedness
2.2 Book of Jubilees
2.3 Medieval Judaism
3 Curse of Canaan
3.1 Dead Sea Scrolls
3.2 Jubilees
3.3 Classical Judaism
4 Misconception, racism, and slavery
4.1 Early Judaism and Islam
4.2 Medieval serfdom and "Pseudo-Berossus"
4.3 European/American slavery, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
4.4 Latter Day Saint movement
5 See also
6 References
6.1 Citations
6.2 Bibliography
7 External links
The misnomer known as the Curse of Ham is more accurately known as the curse upon Canaan, Ham's son, that was imposed by the biblical patriarch Noah. The curse occurs in the Book of Genesis and concerns Noah's drunkenness and the accompanying shameful act perpetrated by his son Ham, the father of Canaan (Gen. 9:20–27). The controversies raised by this story regarding the nature of Ham's transgression, and the question of why Noah cursed Canaan when Ham had sinned, have been debated for over 2,000 years.
The story's original purpose may have been to justify the subjection of the Canaanite people to the Israelites, but in later centuries, the narrative was interpreted by some Christians, Muslims and Jews as an explanation for black skin, as well as a justification for slavery. Nevertheless, most Christians, Muslims and Jews now disagree with such interpretations, because in the biblical text, Ham himself is not cursed, and race or skin color is never mentioned.
For a period in its history the Latter Day Saint movement used the curse of Ham to prevent the ordination of black men to its priesthood.
------------------------------
The Younger Dryas Event and the Birth of the Gods | Ancient Architects
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTJYmIcJk6A
{Theory: Did radiation, a comet or Sun plasma event cause one race of people or humanoids to become different races, or even different species through evolution or devolution}.
-----------------
Evidences of Nuclear Explosion in Mohenjo Daro
http://earthmysterynews.com/2016/10/19/evidences-of-nuclear-explosion-in-mohenjo-daro/
--------------------
{Some question if different types of radiation could cause different animals and species to evolve differently. Some question how humans could adapt and change physical traits in space, this would include trying to colonize other planets with a less denser atmosphere and more intense Sun rays}.
---------------
Younger Dryas impact hypothesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas_impact_hypothesis
{Do you think that if we have had over a few different mass extinction events, that some types
of humanoid type creatures might have faced extinction? Look at how we have all different types of animals, yet we see how we have so many different colors of animals in each species.
We have brown, black, white, orange and yellow cats, rabbits, dogs, rodents, birds and many
colors of fish, snake, frogs and humans}.
-----------------------
Holocene extinction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_extinction
The Holocene extinction, otherwise referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly as a result of human activity. The large number of extinctions spans numerous families of plants and animals, including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. With widespread degradation of highly biodiverse habitats such as coral reefs and rainforests, as well as other areas, the vast majority of these extinctions are thought to be undocumented, as no one is even aware of the existence of the species before they go extinct, or no one has yet discovered their extinction. The current rate of extinction of species is estimated at 100 to 1,000 times higher than natural background rates.
The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large land animals known as megafauna, starting at the end of the last Ice Age. Megafauna outside of the African continent, which did not evolve alongside humans, proved highly sensitive to the introduction of new predation, and many died out shortly after early humans began spreading and hunting across the Earth (additionally, many African species have also gone extinct in the Holocene). These extinctions, occurring near the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary, are sometimes referred to as the Quaternary extinction event.
The arrival of humans on different continents coincides with megafaunal extinction. The most popular theory is that human overhunting of species added to existing stress conditions. Although there is debate regarding how much human predation affected their decline, certain population declines have been directly correlated with human activity, such as the extinction events of New Zealand and Hawaii. Aside from humans, climate change may have been a driving factor in the megafaunal extinctions, especially at the end of the Pleistocene.
--------------
Younger Dryas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas
Brakenridge and the Vela Supernova hypothesis
Studies by Senior Research Scientist Robert Brakenridge and others suggest correlations between the Younger Dryas and a supernova that exploded within the constellation of Vela approximately around the same time, leaving behind what is now known as the Vela Supernova Remnant. Brakenridge notes other researchers that have studied effects of close-by supernovae on earth and uncovered suggestive correlating evidence during the Younger Dryas, including depletion of the ozone layer, increased UV exposure, nitrogen changes on the Earth’s surface and troposphere, evidence of global cooling, changes in 14C and 10Be in ice cores, a thin layer (approximately 30 centimeters) of “black mats”, and many extinctions that may have been caused by the explosion of the Vela Supernova.
While no cause is determined for the extinction of many species, it is suggested that a combination of some climatic change or being hunted by humans may have been a cause. Most of the species that became extinct were cold blooded species and Rancholabrean megafauna, including Mammathus Columbis, Canis Diris, and Camelops. Survivors of the Younger Dryas included that of nocturnal low-birth rate species residing in the mountainous or forest-like terrains of the Americas, Eurasia, Australia, and in Madagascar. The largest, slow breeding, diurnal species that lived in more open spaces survived in the lower parts of Africa. There were also species that went extinct that were not expected to by humans in the America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Across faunal and Paleoindian hunting sites, there has been evidence of carbon rich “black mats” that were approximately 30 centimeters thin, suggesting an abrupt change that occurred in a small time window and a rise in aquatic conditions. Brakenridge also discusses pollen core research that suggests global cooling conditions not to have just occurred in the Northern latitudes, but also latitudes as far as 41°south. Tree ring evidence shows a rise in 14C cosmogenic isotope. The increase may have also occurred around the same time of the increase of another cosmogenic isotope, 10Be. Brakenridge discusses possibilities behind these rises, including climatic changes and carbon cycles or a more secular cause.
Another hypothesis that Brakenridge discusses is that effects of a supernova could have been a factor in the Younger Dryas. Effects of a supernova have been suggested before, but without confirming evidence. Brakenridge explains how with the following evidence that these effects could have been caused by a celestial event, a supernova; observations of Gamma-ray bursts and X-ray flashes have been compared to nebular records to test this as well as supernovae flash models, comparable to the records of in-galaxy supernovae, to study the effects of such an event on Earth. These effects include depletion in the ozone later, increased UV exposure, global cooling, and nitrogen changes in the Earth’s surface and troposphere. As Brakenridge states, the only supernova possible at that time was the Vela Supernova, or classified as the Vela Supernova Remnant.
{We believe this theory to be true, and that humans faced different catastrophes as
well, it must have been difficult for this new race of darker African humans to adapt to their surroundings}.
----------------
Older Dryas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Older_Dryas
-----------------
Oldest Dryas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldest_Dryas
-----------------
Bølling oscillation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling_oscillation
-------------------
Massive Impact Crater Beneath Greenland Could Explain Ice Age Climate Swing
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2018/11/14/greenland-crater-discovered-cause-younger-dryas/#.XFvEy7h7mcw
---------------------
The Younger Dryas termination and North Atlantic Deep Water formation: Insights from climate model simulations and Greenland ice cores
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/96PA02711
---------------------
The Younger Dryas cold event in NW Himalaya based on pollen record from the Chandra Tal area in Himachal Pradesh, India
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273382039_The_Younger_Dryas_cold_event_in_NW_Himalaya_based_on_pollen_record_from_the_Chandra_Tal_area_in_Himachal_Pradesh_India
---------------------
Arguments and evidence against a Younger Dryas impact event
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/arguments-and-evidence-against-a-younger-dryas-impact-event
----------------------
A glaciological model of the Younger Dryas event in Scandinavia
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/glaciological-model-of-the-younger-dryas-event-in-scandinavia/D2E7A055BEF8C3C5E2A8FC83BD864291
----------------------
Platinum may point to impact theory for Younger Dryas
https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/platinum-may-point-impact-theory-younger-dryas
-------------------------
Evidence for a massive biomass burning event at the Younger Dryas Boundary
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Evidence_for_a_massive_biomass_burning_event_at_the_Younger_Dryas_Boundary_999.html
-----------------------
HUMAN RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE DURING THE YOUNGER DRYAS IN NORTHWEST EUROPE
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276744
-----------------------
The Late Epipalaeolithic and Early Neolithic Occupation of the Black Desert (Jordan): Investigating the Origins of Food Production in the Marginal Zone
https://shubeika.ccrs.ku.dk/about/
--------------------------
A Blind Test of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155470
----------------------
North Atlantic sea surface conditions during the Younger Dryas cold event
http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/111/1/167
--------------------
The Younger Dryas in Equatorial and Southern Africa and in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean
http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00011179.pdf
-------------------
Was The Younger Dryas Cooling Event Caused By A Cosmic Impact After All?
https://www.thegwpf.com/was-the-younger-dryas-cooling-event-caused-by-cosmic-impact-after-all/
--------------------
Minimal geological methane emissions during the Younger Dryas-Preboreal abrupt warming event.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28836593
--------------------
A central Texas drying event identified at the Younger Dryas-early Holocene transition using coupled speleothem ??¹³C-¹4C analysis
https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/64615
--------------------
The Younger Dryas Climate Event
http://people.oregonstate.edu/~carlsand/carlson_encyclopedia_Quat_2013_YD.pdf
--------------------
Evidence for a bi-partition of the Younger Dryas Stadial in East Asia associated with inversed climate characteristics compared to Europe
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep44983
---------------------
Could a Glacial Outburst Flood Repeat the “Younger Dryas” Cooling Event?
https://iafi.org/could-a-glacial-outburst-flood-repeat-the-younger-dryas-cooling-event/
--------------------
Ancient stone carvings confirm how comet struck Earth in 10,950BC, sparking the rise of civilisations
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/04/21/ancient-stone-carvings-confirm-comet-struck-earth-10950bc-wiping/
---------------------
{Now we will discuss the theory on how certain species survived on Earth. It is highly debated
if humans evolved or were in fact their own species put here by intelligent beings}.
----------------------
Lungfish: This fish can stay alive inside the ground for 4 years!
A fish that can breathe oxygen directly from the air? Yes, this ancient species of fish still exists! Know more about them here.
https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/lungfish-961065-2017-02-17
-----------------------
‘Humans are just modified fish’
MONASH UNIVERSITY 6 OCT 2011
https://www.sciencealert.com/were-all-just-modified-fish
Three Australian fish – including the iconic lungfish – have provided an insight into the evolution of human beings.
A team of scientists led by Professor Peter Currie, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute at Monash University and Dr Nicholas Cole, University of Sydney, have discovered how the muscles controlling the pelvic fins of some fish have cleared the way for the evolution of back legs in higher animals.
This innovation gave rise to the tetrapods, or four-legged creatures, along with our distant ancestors who made the first steps onto land some 400 million years ago.
Professor Currie said the genetics of a fish are not vastly different to our own.
“We have shown that the mechanism of pelvic muscle formation in bony fish is transitional between that in sharks and in our tetrapod ancestors.
“By examining the way the different fish species generated the muscles of their pelvic fins we were able to uncover the evolutionary forerunners of the hind limbs. Humans are just modified fish,” said Professor Currie.
Scientists have long known that the ancient lungfish species are the ancestors of the tetrapods. These fish could survive on land, breathing air and using their pelvic fins to propel themselves.
Australia is home to three species of the few remaining lungfish – two marine species and one inhabiting Queensland’s Mary River basin.
There have been big gaps in the knowledge of these fish until now. Most of the conclusions have been drawn from fossil skeletons, but the muscles critical to locomotion cannot be preserved in the fossil record.
The scientists used fish living today to trace the evolution of pelvic fin muscles to find out how the load bearing hind limbs of the tetrapods evolved.
To find differences in pelvic fin muscle formation, the researchers compared embryos of the descendants of species representing key turning points in vertebrate evolution.
They studied primitive cartilaginous fish: Australia’s bamboo shark and its cousin, the elephant shark; and three bony fish: the Australian lungfish, the zebrafish and the American paddlefish.
The scientists genetically engineered fish to trace the migration of precursor muscle cells in early developmental stages as the animal’s body took shape. These cells in the engineered fish emitted red or green light.
The team found that the bony fish had a different mechanism of pelvic fin muscle formation from that of the cartilaginous fish, a mechanism that was a stepping stone to the evolution of tetrapod physiology.
The full research article, Development and Evolution of the Muscles of the Pelvic Fin can be viewed at PLoS Biology.
-------------------------
Lungfish provides insight to life on land: 'Humans are just modified fish'
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111004180106.htm--------------------------
Evolution and genomic organization of muscle microRNAs in fish genomes
2014https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-014-0196-x
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding
RNA molecules with an important role upon post-transcriptional
regulation. These molecules have been shown essential for several
cellular processes in vertebrates, including muscle biology. Many miRNAs
were described as exclusively or highly expressed in skeletal and/or
cardiac muscle. However, knowledge on the genomic organization and
evolution of muscle miRNAs has been unveiled in a reduced number of
vertebrates and mostly only reflects their organization in mammals,
whereas fish genomes remain largely uncharted. The main goal of this
study was to elucidate particular features in the genomic organization
and the putative evolutionary history of muscle miRNAs through a
genome-wide comparative analysis of cartilaginous and bony fish genomes.
------------------------------
Transition in organ function during the evolution of air-breathing; insights from Arapaima gigas, an obligate air-breathing teleost from the Amazon
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/9/1433
---------------------------------
Molecular cloning and characterization of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone β-subunit cDNAs
2017
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183545
--------------------------------Whole Genome Sequencing of the Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) Supports Independent Emergence of Major Teleost Clades
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6143160/
Arapaima gigas belongs to the superorder Osteoglossomorpha of bony-tongued fishes whose tongue contains sharp bony teeth for disabling and shredding preys (Sanford and Lauder 1990; Burnie and Wilson 2001). Together with Elopomorpha (eels and tarpons) and Clupeocephala (most of extant fish species), the Osteoglossomorpha comprises one of the three main teleosts groups whose phylogenetic position has been controversial (Le et al. 1993; Inoue et al. 2003; Near et al. 2012; Betancur-R 2013; Faircloth et al. 2013; Chen et al. 2015; Hughes et al. 2018). Fossil records and some early molecular studies, including a recent comprehensive analysis of >300 Actinopterygii species (Hughes et al. 2018), placed Osteoglossomorpha as the oldest teleost group (Greenwood 1970; Inoue et al. 2003), while other studies placed Elopomorpha as the most ancestral one (Near et al. 2012; Betancur-R 2013; Faircloth et al. 2013). Recently, a phylogenetic study based on whole genome sequencing of the bony-tongued Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus) suggested that the branching of Elopomorpha and Osteoglossomorpha occurred almost simultaneously, placing them as sister lineages of Clupeocephala (Bian 2016). Within this context, the genome of the Pirarucu provides new insights to study the evolutionary history of teleosts as well as providing useful information for sustainable exploration of this giant Amazon fish. Here, we present the first whole genome assembly, gene annotation, and phylogenomic inference of the Pirarucu which should facilitate the molecular characterization and conservation of this economically important fish species.
--------------------------------
Karyotypic Evolution and Chromosomal Organization of Repetitive DNA Sequences in Species of Panaque, Panaqolus, and Scobinancistrus (Siluriformes and Loricariidae) from the Amazon Basin
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/zeb.2016.1373
------------------------------------
Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes
https://home.adelphi.edu/~aw17333/Ward_Lab/Publications_files/Ward%20and%20Brainerd%202007.pdf
----------------------------------
Flying fish fossils hint at ancient evolution
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn22441-flying-fish-fossils-hint-at-ancient-evolution/
-----------------------------
The world's oldest flying fish took to the air 80 million years before birds appeared in the skies
- Newly discovered species is 240million years old, say palaeontologists
- It is unrelated to modern flying fish but evolved for same reason, they say
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2225819/The-worlds-oldest-flying-fish-took-air-80million-years-birds-appeared-skies.html
-----------------------------
How Flying Fish Took Flight? Fossils May Tell Us
The extinct fish was relatively small, measuring up to about 2 inches (5.2 centimeters) long. The researchers suggest it may have eaten plankton, and been prey for marine reptiles and larger carnivorous fishes.https://www.livescience.com/49353-flying-fish-evolution.html
-------------------------------
These Fish Literally Learned to Fly to Escape Predators and Now Birds are Eating Them
https://twistedsifter.com/videos/fish-learn-to-fly-to-escape-and-now-birds-eat-them/
-----------------------------
Flying fish glide as well as birds, researchers find
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100910082308.htm-----------------------------
What flying fish tell us about evolution
http://www.amnation.com/vfr/archives/010659.html
------------------------
Could fish ever evolve into flying animals? Exocoetidae and Myliobatidae seem to have made a start with it, could they evolve more in that direction?
https://www.quora.com/Could-fish-ever-evolve-into-flying-animals-Exocoetidae-and-Myliobatidae-seem-to-have-made-a-start-with-it-could-they-evolve-more-in-that-direction---------------------------------
{We can see that snakes, including many birds and fish all have light framed skeletal systems, we can even see cartilage in many of these skeletal systems}.
---------------------------
The flying animals you've never heard of
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150218-flying-animals-you-never-heard-of
-----------------------------
Did we first have swimming birds or flying birds?
https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/2137/did-we-first-have-swimming-birds-or-flying-birds
---------------------------
Progressive Loss of Function in a Limb Enhancer during Snake Evolution
Summary
The
evolution of body shape is thought to be tightly coupled to changes in
regulatory sequences, but specific molecular events associated with
major morphological transitions in vertebrates have remained elusive. We
identified snake-specific sequence changes within an otherwise highly
conserved long-range limb enhancer of Sonic hedgehog (Shh).
Transgenic mouse reporter assays revealed that the in vivo activity
pattern of the enhancer is conserved across a wide range of vertebrates,
including fish, but not in snakes. Genomic substitution of the mouse
enhancer with its human or fish ortholog results in normal limb
development. In contrast, replacement with snake orthologs caused severe
limb reduction. Synthetic restoration of a single transcription factor
binding site lost in the snake lineage reinstated full in vivo function
to the snake enhancer. Our results demonstrate changes in a regulatory
sequence associated with a major body plan transition and highlight the
role of enhancers in morphological evolution.
https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(16)31310-1
----------------------------
Did a 'light' genome help birds take flight?
A smaller genome evolved in dinosaurs, long before birds learned to fly.
https://www.nature.com/news/2007/070305/full/070305-6.html
---------------------------
It's Official: Those Flying Reptiles Called Pterosaurs Were Covered in Fluffy Feathers
Dec 2018https://www.livescience.com/64324-pterosaurs-had-feathers.html
----------------------------
Insect Evolution: The Origin of Wings
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982216314610------------------------------
Bizarre horseshoe crabs are actually spider relatives
The primordial ocean dwellers are squarely situated in the arachnid family tree, scientists claim in a new study.
2019
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/02/horseshoe-crabs-related-to-spiders/
--------------------------
Chelicerata - Spiders, Horseshoe Crabs, Sea Spiders, Scorpions, Mites
https://nhpbs.org/wild/Chelicerata.asp
------------------------
Olfaction written in bone: cribriform plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
Abstract
The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORGs), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odour perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSN axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the cribriform plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared after accounting for body size. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and re-examining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis), we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid.
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2018.0100
-------------------------------
A reptile platypus from the early Triassic
Jan 2019https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190124095055.htm
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Tiny-Headed, Ancient ‘Platypus’ with Stegosaurus Back Plates Unearthed
https://www.livescience.com/64577-triassic-platypus-like-reptile.html------------------------------
Platypus Genome Reveals Secrets of Mammal Evolution
The duck-billed mammal is related to reptiles and birds, a study finds.
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Platypus Milk: Our Best Hope Against an Antibiotic-Resistant Future
https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/platypus-milk-best-hope-against-post-antibiotic-future.htm
A new study published March 14, 2018 in the journal Structural Biology Communications reports that the biochemical reason for the special bug-busting properties of platypus milk is predictably weird: It contains a protein with a unique and previously unknown structure that might be key in fighting bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics.
What makes this monotreme lactation protein (MLP) so strange is its shape: Its folds form tight ringlets, which is why it was christened the "Shirley Temple" protein after the iconic hair of the child star. The research team managed to recreate the MLP in the lab, purify it, crystallize it and use X-rays to determine its 3D structure at the atomic level — a structure that has never been seen in any of the 100,000 proteins discovered to date.
"The most exciting thing for me was to see a protein shape that had never been seen before," lead author Janet Newman, a researcher at CSIRO, says in an email. "It's like being a florist and seeing a completely new flower."
So, how could this fancy new antibacterial protein be used to fight superbugs? According to Newman, the research team plans to begin by figuring out the relationship between the extra-curly form of the protein and its bacteria-killing powers.
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Let’s Ditch the Boring Bunny! The Scientific Case for the Easter Echidna or Pasch Platypus
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/science-sushi/2018/03/31/easter-echidna-pasch-platypus/#.XGktwbh7mcw
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Creating diversity in mammalian facial morphology: a review of potential developmental mechanisms
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13227-018-0103-4--------------------------
Cross species transfer of genes has driven evolution
https://phys.org/news/2018-07-species-genes-driven-evolution.htmlFar from just being the product of our parents, University of Adelaide scientists have shown that widespread transfer of genes between species has radically changed the genomes of today's mammals, and been an important driver of evolution.
In the world's largest study of so-called "jumping genes", the researchers have traced two particular jumping genes across 759 species of plants, animals and fungi. These jumping genes are actually small pieces of DNA that can copy themselves throughout a genome and are known as transposable elements.
They have found that cross-species transfers, even between plants and animals, have occurred frequently throughout evolution.
Both of the transposable elements they traced—L1 and BovB—entered mammals as foreign DNA. This is the first time anyone has shown that the L1 element, important in humans, has jumped between species.
"Jumping genes, properly called retrotransposons, copy and paste themselves around genomes, and in genomes of other species. How they do this is not yet known although insects like ticks or mosquitoes or possibly viruses may be involved—it's still a big puzzle," says project leader Professor David Adelson, Director of the University of Adelaide's Bioinformatics Hub.
"This process is called horizontal transfer, differing from the normal parent-offspring transfer, and it's had an enormous impact on mammalian evolution."
For example, Professor Adelson says, 25% of the genome of cows and sheep is derived from jumping genes.
"Think of a jumping gene as a parasite," says Professor Adelson. "What's in the DNA is not so important—it's the fact that they introduce themselves into other genomes and cause disruption of genes and how they are regulated."
Published today in the journal Genome Biology, in collaboration with the South Australian Museum, the researchers found horizontal gene transfer was much more widespread than had been thought.
"L1 elements were thought to be inherited only from parent to offspring," says lead author Dr. Atma Ivancevic, postdoctoral researcher in the University of Adelaide's Medical School. "Most studies have only looked at a handful of species and found no evidence of transfer. We looked at as many species as we could."
L1 elements in humans have been associated with cancer and neurological disorders. The researchers say that understanding the inheritance of this element is important for understanding the evolution of diseases.
The researchers found L1s are abundant in plants and animals, although only appearing sporadically in fungi. But the most surprising result was the lack of L1s in two key mammal species—the Australian monotremes (platypus and echidna) - showing that the gene entered the mammalian evolutionary pathway after the divergence from monotremes.
"We think the entry of L1s into the mammalian genome was a key driver of the rapid evolution of mammals over the past 100 million years," says Professor Adelson.
The team also looked at the transfer of BovB elements between species. BovB is a much younger jumping gene: it was first discovered in cows, but has since been shown to jump between a bizarre array of animals including reptiles, elephants and marsupials. Earlier research, led by Professor Adelson, found that ticks were the most likely facilitators of cross-species BovB transfer.
The new research extended the analysis to find that BovB has jumped even more widely than previously anticipated. BovB has transferred at least twice between frogs and bats, and new potential vector species include bed bugs, leeches and locusts.
The team believes that studying insect species will help find more evidence of cross-species transfer. They also aim to study other jumping genes and explore the possibility of aquatic vectors, such as sea worms and nematodes.
"Even though our recent work involved the analysis of genomes from over 750 species, we have only begun to scratch the surface of horizontal gene transfer," says Professor Adelson. "There are many more species to investigate and other types of jumping genes."
https://phys.org/news/2018-07-species-genes-driven-evolution.html
--------------------------------
The gene that jumped
Genes that leap from one species to another are more common than we thought. Does this shake up the tree of life?
https://aeon.co/essays/genes-that-jump-species-does-this-shake-the-tree-of-life
----------------------------
{Now scientists claim they can do genetically modified experiments with organisms that were not available to many scientists in the past}.
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Genetically modified fish
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_fish
Genetically modified fish (GM fish) are organisms from the taxonomic clade which includes the classes Agnatha (jawless fish), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and Osteichthyes (bony fish) whose genetic material (DNA) has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the fish which does not occur naturally in the species, i.e. transgenesis.
GM fish are used in scientific research and kept as pets. They are being developed as environmental pollutant sentinels and for use in aquaculture food production. In 2015, the AquAdvantage salmon was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for commercial production, sale and consumption, making it the first genetically modified animal to be approved for human consumption. Some GM fish that have been created have promoters driving an over-production of "all fish" growth hormone. This results in dramatic growth enhancement in several species, including salmonids, carps and tilapias.
Critics have objected to GM fish on several grounds, including ecological concerns, animal welfare concerns and with respect to whether using them as food is safe and whether GM fish are needed to help address the world's food needs.
History and Process
The first transgenic fish were produced in China in 1985. As of 2013, approximately 50 species of fish have been subject to genetic modification. This has resulted in more than 400 fish/trait combinations. Most of the modifications have been conducted on food species, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), tilapia (genus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Generally, genetic modification entails manipulation of DNA. The process is known as cisgenesis when a gene is transferred between organisms that could be conventionally bred, or transgenesis when a gene from one species is added to a different species. Gene transfer into the genome of the desired organism, as for fish in this case, requires a vector like a lentivirus or mechanical/physical insertion of the altered genes into the nucleus of the host by means of a micro syringe or a gene gun.
Research
Transgenic fish are used in research covering five broad areas
Enhancing the traits of commercially available fish
Their use as bioreactors for the development of bio-medically important proteins
Their use as indicators of aquatic pollutants
Developing new non-mammalian animal models
Functional genomics studies
Most GM fish are used in basic research in genetics and development. Two species of fish, zebrafish and medaka, are most commonly modified because they have optically clear chorions (shells), develop rapidly, the 1-cell embryo is easy to see and micro-inject with transgenic DNA, and zebrafish have the capability of regenerating their organ tissues. They are also used in drug discovery. GM zebrafish are being explored for benefits of unlocking human organ tissue diseases and failure mysteries. For instance, zebrafish are used to understand heart tissue repair and regeneration in efforts to study and discover cures for cardiovascular diseases.
Transgenic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been developed to study muscle development. The introduced transgene causes green fluorescence to appear in fast twitch muscle fibres early in development which persist throughout life. It has been suggested the fish might be used as indicators of aquatic pollutants or other factors which influence development.
In intensive fish farming, the fish are kept at high stocking densities. This means they suffer from frequent transmission of contagious diseases, a problem which is being addressed by GM research. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) have been modified with a transgene coding for human lactoferrin, which doubles their survival rate relative to control fish after exposure to Aeromonas bacteria and Grass carp hemorrhage virus. Cecropin has been used in channel catfish to enhance their protection against several pathogenic bacteria by 2–4 times.
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Genetically modified animal
Contents
1 Production
2 History
3 Mammals
3.1 Medicine
3.2 Livestock
3.3 Research
3.4 Conservation
3.5 Humans
4 Fish
4.1 Detecting pollution
4.2 Pets
4.3 Research
4.4 Growth
5 Insects
5.1 Research
5.2 Population control
5.3 Industry
6 Birds
6.1 Disease control
6.2 Evolutionary insights
7 Amphibians
8 Nematodes
9 Other
10 References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_animal
--------------------------
Scientists Develop Gene-Edited Hens To Serve As Surrogates For Other Birds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PtLHfBiELY
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{Could this theory still be wrong, and that these tests would still not determine how certain organisms were created.
If humans evolved from fish, then would that mean we still have alien creators? Could intelligent beings have come and updated DNA over a period of time on the planet, or let small cells evolve into other animals. Could this DNA sequence of evolution become encoded in animals to adapt to their surroundings, or adapt to a natural disaster. Some think that humans could be a species of alien that can travel from planet to planet. Were the original humans one skin color, or multiple skin colors that we see today, could the Earth have changed and formed how many humans look today with evolution}.
----------------------
Forget little green men – aliens will look like humans, says Cambridge University evolution expert
The author said extra-terrestrials that resemble human beings should have evolved on some of the many Earth-like planets that have been discovered
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/forget-little-green-men-aliens-will-look-like-humans-says-cambridge-university-evolution-expert-10358164.html-----------------------
{Do you think that human intelligence evolved from bacteria, a fish, monkey or other type of hominoid, or do you believe that humans were genetically engineered by an intelligent race, and humans were put here on this planet. Could different groups of aliens have created different lifeforms we see, or did only one species of intelligent beings create the life on this planet? Could life on this planet have been started from spores from other areas of space?
For more information on these subjects, we recommend our viewers to watch all of the episodes of the TV series Ancient Aliens}.
---------------------------
NOVA Wonders Can We Make Life?
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/nova-wonders-can-we-make-life/
---------------------
{I think that this is a pretty strong book that we have written so far, and that it could go a long way into trying to figure out more from where we came from. Of course I am showcasing many theories, and that of course we may not agree with every theory or article that is posted}.
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Platypus Genome Reveals Secrets of Mammal Evolution
The duck-billed mammal is related to reptiles and birds, a study finds.
-----------------------------
Ten Major Flaws of Evolution – A Refutation
https://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/ten-major-flaws-of-evolution-a-refutation/--------------------
{Could creationism and evolution both exist. What if white humans were in fact a new evolved
species of humans, or that blacks, Orientals and whites evolved around the same period. Did
whites, blacks and Orientals evolve naturally without stress from a natural disaster, or did some type of catastrophe happen on the planet that changed or deformed the way some humans and species of animals look. We can find traces of evidence of many natural catastrophes on Earth}.
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IS LIFE TOO COMPLEX TO HAVE
SIMPLY EVOLVED?
by David Ussery
http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/behe.rev.html
----------------------
Theorists Debate How ‘Neutral’ Evolution Really Is
For 50 years, evolutionary theory has emphasized the importance of neutral mutations over adaptive ones in DNA. Real genomic data challenge that assumption.
https://www.quantamagazine.org/neutral-theory-of-evolution-challenged-by-evidence-for-dna-selection-20181108/
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There is No “Missing Link” in Evolution
https://futurism.com/there-is-no-missing-link-in-evolution----------------------------
{What if aliens just created all of the animals and humans, and why we see how many different animals share similar body features. We see how many four legged mammals all have similar body structures being on four legs and having a face, eyes, ears, paws, etc. Some question that this could be the reason why pigs, humans and other animals both share the same types of similar body traits. Could the aliens that created life have a basic building block to be able to create new life on Earth and continue to introduce new species on the planet.
We already see how we can genetically modify new types of plants and organisms, and that this
technology should be available to other species of aliens that were more advanced than us}.
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Don’t be stupid about intelligent design
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1236706/--------------------
Well established theories on patterns in evolution might be wrong
How do the large-scale patterns observed in evolution arise? A new paper in the journal Evolution by researchers at Uppsala University and University of Leeds argues that many of them are a type of statistical artefact caused by our unavoidably recent viewpoint looking back into the past. As a result, it might not be possible to draw any conclusions about what caused the enormous changes in diversity observed over time.
The diversity of life over time shows some striking patterns. For example, the animals appear in the fossil record about 550 million years ago, in an enormous burst of diversification called the Cambrian Explosion. Many groups of organisms appear to originate like this, but later on in their evolutionary history, their rates of diversification and morphological change seem to slow down. These sorts of patterns can be seen both in the fossil record, and also in reconstructions of past diversity based on the relationships between living organisms, and they have given rise to a great deal of debate.
Do organisms have more evolutionary flexibility when they first evolve? Or do ecosystems get "filled up" as more species evolve, giving fewer opportunities for further diversification later on? In their new paper, Graham Budd and Richard Mann make the provocative argument that these patterns may be largely illusory, and that we would still expect to see them even if rates of evolutionary change stay the same on average through time.
Biologists and palaeontologists use statistical models called "birth-death models" to study how random events of speciation and extinction give rise to patterns of diversity. Just as a dice rolled five times can produce five sixes or none, the outcomes of these random models are variable. These statistical fluctuations are particularly important at the origin of a group, when there are only a few species. It turns out that the only groups that survive this early period are those that happen to diversify quickly—all the others go extinct. As is it exactly those groups that become the large, successful groups living today, and that fill most of the fossil record, it follows that they are likely to show this rapid pattern of diversification at their origin—but only because they are a biased subset of all groups. Later in their history, when such groups are diverse, statistical fluctuations have much less effect, and therefore their rate of evolution appears to slow down to the background average.
As a result, the patterns revealed by analyzing such groups are not general features of evolution as a whole, but rather represent a remarkable bias that emerges by studying only groups already known to be successful. This bias, called "the push of the past," has been known theoretically for about 25 years, but it has been almost completely ignored, probably because it was assumed to be negligible in size. However, Budd and Mann show that the effect is very large, and can, in fact, account for much of the variation observed in past diversity, especially when combined with the effects of the great "mass extinctions" such as the one that killed off the dinosaurs some 66 million years ago. Because the resulting patterns are an inevitable feature of the sorts of groups available for study, Budd and Mann argue, it follows that we cannot perceive any particular cause of them—they simply arise from statistical fluctuation.
The push of the past is an example of a much more general type of pattern called "survivorship bias," which can be seen in many other areas of life, for example, in business start-ups, finance and the study of history. In all these cases, failure to recognize the bias can lead to highly misleading conclusions. Budd and Mann argue that the history of life itself is not immune to such effects, and that many traditional explanations for why diversity changes through time may need to be reconsidered—a viewpoint that is bound to prove controversial.
https://phys.org/news/2018-09-theories-patterns-evolution-wrong.html
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A Primer on the Scientific Reasons that Evolution is Wrong!
https://www.creationworldview.org/articles_view.asp?id=31
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Why everything you've been told about evolution is wrong
What if Darwin's theory of natural selection is inaccurate? What if the
way you live now affects the life expectancy of your descendants?
Evolutionary thinking is having a revolution . . .
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/mar/19/evolution-darwin-natural-selection-genes-wrong
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Misconceptions about evolution
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/misconceptions_faq.php
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Evolution myths: Evolution cannot be disproved
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13675-evolution-myths-evolution-cannot-be-disproved/----------------------
Objections to evolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objections_to_evolution-----------------------
Falsifiability of evolution
https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Falsifiability_of_evolution----------------------
Have humans or any of Earth’s creatures stopped evolving?
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2017/11/27/humans-earths-creatures-stopped-evolving/-----------------------
Economist suggests humans are still evolving
https://phys.org/news/2016-07-economist-humans-evolving.html----------------------
Man Was Created Distinct from Apes
https://www.icr.org/created-distinct/
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More Evidence Lucy Was Just an Ape
https://www.icr.org/article/more-evidence-lucy-was-ape/
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"Ancient" Fossil Still Has Hagfish Slime Residue
https://www.icr.org/article/ancient-fossil-still-has-hagfish-slime-residue/
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{Tough question, we know we should ban harmful GMO's in our food. Should we ban all GMOs?
What if we could experiment with genetically modified organisms to find out how certain animals and humans came into existence. Even then we could see many of the harms this could do, and that these types of experiments could bring back unwanted and extinct beings or extinct viruses as well.
Did the Lungfish really evolve or stay the same?
If you do not believe in evolution, then do you believe in devolution?
Would devolution be considered a regressive form of evolution}?
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Human skin color
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin_color
-------------------------------
Is eye color determined by genetics?
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/traits/eyecolor
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Genes responsible for diversity of human skin colors identified
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/10/171012143324.htm
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Tholins - Mysterious Brown Space Goo Found Everywhere but Earth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYDDSzvTfzE---------------------------
Tholin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin---------------------------
Scientists Discover Huge Bacterial Biomass Inside Earth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2M99LhYv2Q
-----------------------------
{Why would a mole and a human share similar body traits?
There are some theories that humans actually evolved from living underground.
Some theories try to claim that humans evolved under the Earth first, and that
why humans were white.
What color are many species of cave animal? White
Different species of animals that are also white would be Arctic animals.
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500-million-year-old worm 'superhighway' discovered in Canada
https://phys.org/news/2019-02-million-year-old-worm-superhighway-canada.html
Prehistoric worms populated the sea bed 500 million years ago—evidence that life was active in an environment thought uninhabitable until now, research by the University of Saskatchewan (USask) shows.
The sea bed in the deep ocean during the Cambrian period was thought to have been inhospitable to animal life because it lacked enough oxygen to sustain it.
But research published in the scientific journal Geology reveals the existence of fossilized worm tunnels dating back to the Cambrian period 270 million years before the evolution of dinosaurs.
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Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian fossils
3/23/2020
A wormlike creature that lived more than 555 million years ago is the earliest bilaterian
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323152108.htm
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You Share 70% of Your Genes with This Slimy Marine Worm
https://www.livescience.com/52843-acorn-worm-genome-sequencing.html
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Worms and Humans Share the Same Life-Prolonging Gene
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2015/12/03/life-prolonging-gene-found-in-worms-exists-in-humans/#.XHyDFbh7k2w
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Evolution of the Major Lineages of Tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoidea) Inferred from 18S Ribosomal DNA and Elongation Factor-1α
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3285679?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
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Stem cells of worms, humans more similar than expected
The same regulatory mechanisms are active in the stem cells of flatworms and humans
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160809121428.htm
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Photos: 'Naked' Ancient Worm Hunted with Spiny Arms
https://www.livescience.com/57683-photos-naked-worm-cambrian-period.html
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Scientists Finally Solve Mystery of Tiny, Ancient Worm’s 'Mismatched' Head and Body
2019
https://www.livescience.com/64857-ancient-worm-hidden-jaws.html
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480-Million-Year-Old Mystery Creature Finally Identified from Its Preserved Guts
https://www.livescience.com/64832-ancient-starfish-relative-mystery-solved.html
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The terrifying bobbit worm has a huge ancient cousin
Bobbit worms belong to a vast group called the polychaetes (or "bristle worms"), which contains several thousand species ranging in size from just a few millimetres to a few metres long. Today, these creatures are found all over the oceans, and besides the larger predators, they also include tiny free-swimming clam worms, long-lived cold seep tubeworms and bone-eating Osedax worms.
https://www.earthtouchnews.com/discoveries/discoveries/the-terrifying-bobbit-worm-has-a-huge-ancient-cousin/
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How Giant Tube Worms Survive at Hydrothermal Vents | I Contain Multitudes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W_ywzhkR90
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BLOODWORMS - Will They BITE?!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7aM5gU8mFY
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Worms With A Copper Smile
Mineral Composite in Glycera Jaws Imparts Strength, Abrasion Resistance
https://pubs.acs.org/cen/critter/worms1.html
Lichtenegger and her colleagues used a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and other techniques to determine the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the worm's jaws. The carnivorous worm uses the hard, sharp-tipped structures to bite and inject venom into its prey.
The tip region of the jaws contains layers of polycrystalline atacamite fibrils dispersed in a protein matrix, the researchers find. The fibrils, which align with the jaw's outer contour, are about 80 nm in diameter and 1210 mm long. They are concentrated toward the center of the tip, while the base region is devoid of fibrils. The hardness and stiffness of the jaw increases from the base to the tip and from the surface to the interior, which correlates with the increasing degree of mineralization
Cross-sectional maps of copper and chloride concentration confirm the elemental distribution in the jaw and show that the Cu-Cl ratio is higher than that found in atacamite, suggesting that free copper ions are present. Copper is known to cross-link polymers and protein scaffolds, the researchers point out, and the excess copper in the worm's jaw could be playing that role.
The jaw's impressive structural stability and resistance to abrasion approaches that of human tooth enamel, the team notes--even though atacamite makes up only 4% of the worm's jaw, while hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3OH, makes up 96% of tooth enamel. This toughness is needed to protect the jaw from wear and tear as the worm burrows through gritty marine sediment where it may chomp indiscriminately on bits of gravel.
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Worm's Use of Copper Could Point to Novel Material Designs
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/worms-use-of-copper-could/
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Giant Viruses Invent Genes Shared by No Life on Earth
Giant viruses may invent genes and proteins found nowhere else on Earth, new research suggests.
As their name implies, giant viruses are big — as big as bacteria, and more than twice the size of typical viruses, scientists have previously reported. Giant viruses have more complex genomes than some simple microbial organisms, and many of their genes code for proteins found only in giant viruses, according to past studies.
https://www.livescience.com/62804-giant-viruses-evolve-unique-genes.html
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Fitness of Leishmania donovani Parasites Resistant to Drug Combinations
https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003704
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Genetically Modified Live Attenuated Leishmania donovani Parasites Induce Innate Immunity through Classical Activation of Macrophages That Direct the Th1 Response in Mice
https://iai.asm.org/content/83/10/3800
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Leishmania donovani
Leishmania donovani is a species of intracellular parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania, a group of haemoflagellate kinetoplastids that cause the disease leishmaniasis. It is a human blood parasite responsible for visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar, the most severe form of leishmaniasis. It infects the mononuclear phagocyte system including spleen, liver and bone marrow. Infection is transmitted by species of sandfly belonging to the genus Phlebotomus in Old World and Lutzomyia in New World. Therefore, the parasite is prevalent throughout tropical and temperate regions including Africa (mostly in Sudan), China, India, Nepal, southern Europe, Russia and South America. It is responsible for thousands of deaths every year and has spread to 88 countries, with 350 million people at constant risk of infection and 0.5 million new cases in a year.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishmania_donovani
----------------------
Genetically modified live attenuated parasites as vaccines forleishmaniasis
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5110/bf19e66a80a3f02cb306e281b747ccf99b04.pdf
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Largest parasitic worm genetic study hatches novel treatment possibilities
Study helps understand how parasitic worms cause disease and uncovers potential new de-worming medicines
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/11/181105122530.htm
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Genetically modified Plasmodium parasites as a protective experimental malaria vaccine.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15580261
Abstract
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that is transmitted by inoculation of the Plasmodium parasite sporozoite stage...
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Success Shown in Humans with Genetically Engineered Malaria Parasite Vaccine
https://www.cidresearch.org/articles/success-shown-in-humans-with-genetically-engineered-malaria-parasite-vaccine
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Human anaerobic intestinal “rope” parasites
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1301/1301.0953.pdf
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Tropical Diseases: Can CRISPR help in the fight against parasitic worms?
https://elifesciences.org/articles/44382
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How a nasty, brain-eating parasite could help us fight cancer
The team of investigators behind the new study set out to harness the immune system’s reaction to the presence of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which can be found in cat faeces, as a tool to cure ovarian cancer..
In the field of parasitology no single parasite is as popular as T. gondii. This single-cell parasite, which affects one third of the world’s human population, is best known for its ability to invade and damage the brain and alter the behaviour of affected individuals..
http://theconversation.com/how-a-nasty-brain-eating-parasite-could-help-us-fight-cancer-64267
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Genetic Manipulation of the Toxoplasma gondii Genome by Fosmid Recombineering
https://mbio.asm.org/content/5/6/e02021-14
--------------------
Genetic modifications of cytokine genes and Toxoplasma gondii infections in pregnant women
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0882401017304588
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QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii
https://www.jove.com/video/55185/qtl-mapping-crisprcas9-editing-to-identify-drug-resistance-gene
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Genetic Protection For Plants Against Parasitic Worm Attack
Read more at: https://ascienceenthusiast.com/genetic-plants-parasitic-worm/
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Genetically modified bacteria could deter crop parasites
https://microbiologysociety.org/news/society-news/genetically-modified-bacteria-could-deter-crop-parasites.html
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What leeches and ligers can teach you about evolution
https://boingboing.net/2013/04/24/leeches-are-a-hypothesis-why.html
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Bacterial symbiont and salivary peptide evolution in the context of leech phylogeny.
Abstract
The evolutionary history of leeches is employed as a general framework for understanding more than merely the systematics of this charismatic group of annelid worms, and serves as a basis for understanding blood-feeding related correlates ranging from the specifics of gut-associated bacterial symbionts to salivary anticoagulant peptides. A variety of medicinal leech families were examined for intraluminal crop bacterial symbionts. Species of Aeromonas and Bacteroidetes were characterized with DNA gyrase B and 16S rDNA. Bacteroidetes isolates were found to be much more phylogenetically diverse and suggested stronger evidence of phylogenetic correlation than the gammaproteobacteria. Patterns that look like co-speciation with limited taxon sampling do not in the full context of phylogeny. Bioactive compounds that are expressed as gene products, like those in leech salivary glands, have 'passed the test' of evolutionary selection. We produced and bioinformatically mined salivary gland EST libraries across medicinal leech lineages to experimentally and statistically evaluate whether evolutionary selection on peptides can identify structure-function activities of known therapeutically relevant bioactive compounds like antithrombin, hirudin and antistasin. The combined information content of a well corroborated leech phylogeny and broad taxonomic coverage of expressed proteins leads to a rich understanding of evolution and function in leech history.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21729354
--------------------
Marine Leech Anticoagulant Diversity and Evolution.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29505345
Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) possess powerful salivary anticoagulants and, accordingly, are frequently employed in modern, authoritative medicine. Members of the almost exclusively marine family Piscicolidae account for 20% of leech species diversity, and they feed on host groups (e.g., sharks) not encountered by their freshwater and terrestrial counterparts. Moreover, some species of Ozobranchidae feed on endangered marine turtles and have been implicated as potential vectors for the tumor-associated turtle herpesvirus. In spite of their ecological importance and unique host associations, there is a distinct paucity of data regarding the salivary transcriptomes of either of these families. Using next-generation sequencing, we profiled transcribed, putative anticoagulants and other salivary bioactive compounds that have previously been linked to blood feeding from 7 piscicolid species (3 elasmobranch feeders; 4 non-cartilaginous fish feeders) and 1 ozobranchid species (2 samples). In total, 149 putative anticoagulants and bioactive loci were discovered in varying constellations throughout the different samples. The putative anticoagulants showed a broad spectrum of described antagonistic pathways, such as inhibition of factor Xa and platelet aggregation, which likely have similar bioactive roles in marine fish and turtles. A transcript with homology to ohanin, originally isolated from king cobras, was found in Cystobranchus vividus but is otherwise unknown from leeches. Estimation of selection pressures for the putative anticoagulants recovered evidence for both positive and purifying selection along several isolated branches in the gene trees, and positive selection was also estimated for a few select codons in a variety of marine species. Similarly, phylogenetic analyses of the amino acid sequences for several anticoagulants indicated divergent evolution.
---------------------
The Evolution of Parental Care in Freshwater Leeches
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1431761304700336
Summary
The life-history strategies of a selection of the most common European freshwater leeches (Euhirudinea) are described. On the basis of this information and results from the literature, the probable phylogenetic development of parental care in the Euhirudinea is reconstructed. The jawless worm leeches (Erpobdellidae) secrete a protective cocoon, cement it to the substrate and sometimes ventilate it before they leave the egg capsules. This behaviour represents the most ancient state in leech evolution. Members of the jawed Hirudinidae deposit desiccation-resistant cocoons on land. All known Glossiphoniidae (leeches equipped with a proboscis) have evolved the habit of brooding the eggs and young. These unique parental care patterns within one family of extant freshwater leeches can be arranged schematically in a series of increasing complexity which may reflect the evolution of brooding behaviour. Glossiphoniid leeches of the genus Helobdella, which have a world-wide distribution, display the most highly developed parental care system: they not only protect but also feed the young they carry. This results in the young being much larger when they leave the parent and, presumably, in higher subsequent survival. Isolated cocoons of all aquatic leeches are rapidly destroyed by predators, primarily water snails. In erpobdellids (but not glossiphoniids, which protect the cocoons) a large portion of the cocoons are lost due to predatory attacks. We conclude that the major selective pressure driving the evolution of parental care in leeches may have been predation on eggs and juvenile stages.
----------------------
On the origin of leeches by evolution of development
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/dgd.12573
--------------------
Monster leech swallows giant worm - Wonders of the Monsoon: Episode 4 - BBC Two
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=72&v=0fGGz6d3vC4
----------------------
Massive Australian earthworm can grow up to 9 feet long [7 pictures]
https://twentytwowords.com/massive-australian-earthworm-can-grow-up-to-9-feet-long-7-pictures/
-------------------
Nature Blows My Mind! World's largest earthworm can grow to 9 ft. long
https://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/nature-blows-mind-worlds-largest-gippsland-worm.html
----------------
Giant Gippsland earthworm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Gippsland_earthworm
---------------
Divers Discover Huge 26-foot Deep-sea Worm
https://weather.com/news/trending/video/divers-discover-huge-26-foot-deep-sea-worm
--------------------
Worm evolves to eat corn that was genetically engineered to kill it
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/worm-evolves-to-eat-corn-that-was-genetically-engineered-to-kill-it-9199667.html
-----------------
How Genetically Modified Corn Is Creating Super Worms
https://thinkprogress.org/how-genetically-modified-corn-is-creating-super-worms-4d5fdbebb848/
------------------
Genetic Protection For Plants Against Parasitic Worm Attack
Read more at: https://ascienceenthusiast.com/genetic-plants-parasitic-worm/
------------------
Genetically modified bacteria could deter crop parasites
https://microbiologysociety.org/news/society-news/genetically-modified-bacteria-could-deter-crop-parasites.html
------------
Caenorhabditis elegans
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living, transparent nematode, about 1 mm in length, that lives in temperate soil environments. It is the type species of its genus. The name is a blend of the Greek caeno- (recent), rhabditis (rod-like) and Latin elegans (elegant). In 1900, Maupas initially named it Rhabditides elegans, Osche placed it in the subgenus Caenorhabditis in 1952, and in 1955, Dougherty raised Caenorhabditis to the status of genus.
C. elegans is an unsegmented pseudocoelomate and lacks respiratory or circulatory systems. Most of these nematodes are hermaphrodites and a few are males. Males have specialised tails for mating that include spicules.
C. elegans is notable in animal sleep studies as the most primitive organism to display sleep-like states. In C. elegans, a lethargus phase occurs shortly before each moult.
--------------
Rapid Experimental Evolution of Pesticide Resistance in C. elegans Entails No Costs and Affects the Mating System
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2580027/
----------------
Giant Viruses Invent Genes Shared by No Life on Earth
https://www.livescience.com/62804-giant-viruses-evolve-unique-genes.html
---------------
{It would seem more obvious to many that animals adapted to get these coats from above ground, than from all evolving inside of the Earth, and then somehow all of these animals managing to come to the surface of the Earth. What if humans were actually aliens that continue to use the inside of the Earth as a home base to create new life to bring to the planet. Some question if certain animals evolved from water first and then in caves, or that certain animals evolved in caves, while other animals evolved on land.
Even let us say if the world flooded, that they could have a doomsday vault or a doomsday Ark inside of the Earth where enough oxygen is still trapped inside of the Earth for beings to survive. It could even be possible that they could even create their own oxygen and even mine for more minerals and resources inside of the inner Earth.
Some ancient African religions believe that Africans or some type of humanoids were put on Earth first, then other alien beings introduced new species of humanoids and hominoids, then eventually introduced a new race of evolved white humans to this planet}.
----------------------
The 'Underground Astronauts' in search of new human species
https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/health/homo-naledi-human-species-lee-berger/-----------------------
Underground Living: A Slap to Darwin's Face
https://people.howstuffworks.com/live-underground1.htm
-----------------------
Orange Cave Crocodiles May Be Evolving Into a New Species
The crocodiles are known to feast on bats and soak in guano that tans their skin orange.
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/01/abanda-gabon-orange-cave-african-dwarf-crocodiles-spd/
------------------------
New species of human may have shared our caves – and beds
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28687-new-species-of-human-may-have-shared-our-caves-and-beds/
As fire light flickered on the back of the cave, a group of people ate deer, porcupine and otter. Then a man solemnly took a large bone off the fire, broke it in half and sucked the bone marrow out. He then carefully painted the broken bone with red clay and buried it in the cave.
He observed this ritual because this bone belonged to another human species. One they shared not only the forest with, but also their beds.
This is the remarkable – though so far tentative – picture emerging from controversial discoveries from two caves in south-west China. If true, some think it could overturn our understanding of what it means to be human.
Among the discoveries appears to be a primitive human species, which most closely resembles the earliest human species, Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
But while these lived about 2 million years ago, this new species lived just 14,000 years ago, says Darren Curnoe of the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, who lead the team behind the discoveries. This would make it the most recent human species to have gone extinct.
“If true, this would be rather spectacular and it would make the finds of truly global importance,” says Michael Petraglia at the University of Oxford, who wasn’t involved in the discoveries.
The work is excellent, he says, but is likely to leave many in the field unconvinced.
------------------
Human Skin Pigmentation as an Adaptation to UV Radiation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK210015/------------------------
Earth Human Settlement Ecosystem and Underground Space Research
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877705816341352/1-s2.0-S1877705816341352-main.pdf?_tid=a9f3000a-83d4-4b93-96f6-c449fc8612e6&acdnat=1550392831_00cf34efa550f2eaf3d8bdfeb0222df1
--------------------------
Massive Bolivian earthquake reveals mountains 660 kilometers below our feet
Seismologists found mountains and smooth plains on a boundary layer deep within the Earth's mantle
- Date:
- February 14, 2019
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190214153125.htm
------------------------------
Here's what Hides At The Bottom Of The DEEPEST Hole On EARTH...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIxWDHr1ddc
---------------------------------
Oldest fossils of Homo Sapiens found in Morocco altering history of our species
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/science/human-fossils-morocco.html
--------------------------------
Dreadlocks
Dreadlocks, also locs, dreads, or in Sanskrit, Jaṭā, are ropelike strands of hair formed by matting or braiding hair. Earliest depictions of dreadlocks date from over 2000 years ago.
Some of the earliest depictions of dreadlocks date back as far as 3600 years to the Minoan Civilization, one of Europe's earliest civilizations, centred in Crete (now part of Greece). Frescoes discovered on the Aegean island of Thera (modern Santorini, Greece) depict individuals with braided hair styled in long dreadlocks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreadlocks
--------------
The hair-raising truth? Dreadlocks don’t belong to one ‘culture’
https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2016/04/the-dreadful-truth-dreadlocks-dont-belong-to-one-culture/----------------------------------
Evolution says that white people evolved from black people, but could it be the other way around? Can scientists prove that black people didn't evolve from white people?
https://www.quora.com/Evolution-says-that-white-people-evolved-from-black-people-but-could-it-be-the-other-way-around-Can-scientists-prove-that-black-people-didnt-evolve-from-white-people
-
{Some people will tell you that Negros and whites did not even exist many thousands of years ago, and that both humans evolved differently from another type of humanoid or hominoid over a period of time}.
-------------------------
Monkey Face
https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=AwrExdreLGlcEVoAy6OLuLkF;_ylc=X1MDOTYwNTc0ODMEX3IDMgRiY2sDOWI2cDlqcGUwbGZqbiUyNmIlM0QzJTI2cyUzRG5rBGZyAwRncHJpZANWVVBUVTB3LlFjcTZaU0t3UUloVjVBBG10ZXN0aWQDbnVsbARuX3N1Z2cDMTAEb3JpZ2luA2ltYWdlcy5zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tBHBvcwMwBHBxc3RyAwRwcXN0cmwDBHFzdHJsAzExBHF1ZXJ5A21vbmtleSBmYWNlBHRfc3RtcAMxNTUwMzk2NjQ1BHZ0ZXN0aWQDbnVsbA--?gprid=VUPTU0w.Qcq6ZSKwQIhV5A&pvid=ZnzbcjEwLjKVmymeXAq.dwddMTIuMgAAAADY5bti&fr2=sb-top-images.search.yahoo.com&p=monkey+face&ei=UTF-8&iscqry=&fr=sfp
------------------------
How a fungus can cripple the immune system
Research team clarifies the mechanism of gliotoxin, a mycotoxin from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190208095614.htm-----------------------------------
Genetically Engineered Bacteria for Treating Human Disease
https://www.cell.com/trends/pharmacological-sciences/fulltext/S0165-6147(17)30130-X---------------------------------
Humans artificially drive evolution of new species
https://www.science.ku.dk/english/press/news/2016/humans-artificially-drive-evolution-of-new-species/
Artificial evolution
Species across the world are rapidly going extinct due to human activities, but humans are also causing rapid evolution and the emergence of new species. A new study published today summarises the causes of manmade speciation, and discusses why newly evolved species cannot simply replace extinct wild species. The study was led by the Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate at the University of Copenhagen.
A growing number of examples show that humans not only contribute to the extinction of species but also drive evolution, and in some cases the emergence of entirely new species. This can take place through mechanisms such as accidental introductions, domestication of animals and crops, unnatural selection due to hunting, or the emergence of novel ecosystems such as the urban environment.
Humans created the 'London Underground mosquito’
The study which was carried out in collaboration with the University of Queensland was published today in Proceedings of Royal Society B. It highlights numerous examples of how human activities influence species’ evolution. For instance: as the common house mosquito adapted to the environment of the underground railway system in London, it established a subterranean population. Now named the ‘London Underground mosquito’, it can no longer interbreed with its above ground counterpart and is effectively thought to be a new species.
“We also see examples of domestication resulting in new species. According to a recent study, at least six of the world’s 40 most important agricultural crops are considered entirely new” explains Joseph Bull.
Furthermore, unnatural selection due to hunting can lead to new traits emerging in animals, which can eventually lead to new species, and deliberate or accidental relocation of species can lead to hybridization with other species. Due to the latter, more new plant species in Europe have appeared than are documented to
have gone extinct over the last three centuries...
Researchers do agree that current extinction rates may soon lead to a 6th period of mass extinction. Since the last Ice Age, 11.500 years ago, it is estimated that 255 mammals and 523 bird species has gone extinct, often due to human activity. In the same period, humans have relocated almost 900 known species and domesticated more than 470 animals and close to 270 plant species.
---------------------------------
What Bacteria Can Tell Us About Human Evolution
To discover our species’ deep history and to shape its future health, we should learn from the microbes that accompanied us on our evolutionary journey.https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-bacteria-can-tell-us-about-human-evolution-20171205/
--------------------------------
12 Theories of How We Became Human, and Why They’re All Wrong
Killers? Hippies? Toolmakers? Chefs? Scientists have trouble agreeing on the essence of humanity—and when and how we acquired it.
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150911-how-we-became-human-theories-evolution-science/
----------------------------
Did This Mysterious Ape-Human Once Live Alongside Our Ancestors?
After adding Homo naledi to the human family tree, researchers reveal that the species is younger than it seems.
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/05/homo-naledi-human-evolution-science/
-------------------------
Dolicocephalization in Cephalic Indices of Adult Yorubas of Nigeria
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/janthro/2014/819472/
-------------
How many major races are there in the world?
https://blog.world-mysteries.com/science/how-many-major-races-are-there-in-the-world/
{It is debated if mixed race and mulatto people should be considered their own race}.
------------
Hazel Eyes: What Causes Hazel Eyes, And Who Has Them
https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/eye-color-hazel.htm
----------------
Racial Classification of Indian People (by Different Anthropologist)
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/anthropology/racial-classification-of-indian-people-by-different-anthropologist/41839
----------------
The Origin of Black People With Blue Eyes
https://owlcation.com/stem/Black-People-with-Blue-Eyes
{Some say that the genetic code is already built into black people to have blue eyes, and that black people inherited this gene from white people.
Some say that blacks eventually evolved blue eyes or tried to breed with a person
that has blue eyes. Another theory is that the original human was a light copper or tan color, and had all of the genetic codes, and that white and black people came afterwards}.
-----------------
Myth or Fact: People with Light Eyes are More Sensitive to Sunlight
https://www.dukehealth.org/blog/myth-or-fact-people-light-eyes-are-more-sensitive-sunlight
---------------
Chinese Eugenics
https://www.edge.org/response-detail/23838/
-----------------
Tony Brown's Journal, Racial Superiority (William Shockley/Frances Welsing)
https://search.alexanderstreet.com/preview/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cvideo_work%7C2073734
--------------
William Shockley in His Own Words
https://www.amren.com/news/2010/08/william_shockle/
The Future of Man
Dr. Shockley’s main concerns can be quickly summarized. The best available evidence suggested to him that mankind faced a serious dysgenic threat. The least intelligent were reproducing much more quickly than the most intelligent, and this backward evolution threatened the very basis of civilization. Even more provocative was his view that blacks were devolving more rapidly than whites, since low-IQ blacks were outbreeding high-IQ blacks more rapidly than low-IQ whites were outbreeding high-IQ whites. Furthermore, since blacks were devolving from a lower average IQ to begin with, they faced the prospect of serious, permanent degeneration.
It is important to note that Dr. Shockley never claimed that he had proven that any of this was happening. All he asked was that the nation seriously investigate questions of heredity, intelligence and demographic trends. If Dr. Shockley were proven right then the nation could decide what should be done. If he were shown to be wrong, he would offer a graceful retraction.
The forum in which Dr. Shockley most vigorously pressed his case for research was the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). As a member of the Academy he had the right to propose research projects and he did so every year from 1967 to 1972. Some of the most interesting papers in this collection are proposals to the NAS.
It is not hard to imagine the reception they received. As Prof. Arthur Jensen of the University of California at Berkeley points out in his preface to this book, Dr. Shockley was not a diplomat. Both in speech and in writing his aim was precision, rather than what we today call “sensitivity.”
In his second research proposal to the Academy he urged it to “inquire into ways to determine how many probable misfits regardless of race will be born into our potentially great society as a result of present population patterns.” In the same proposal he tackled the race question head-on, pointing out that to blame all the failures of black people on racism was a misdiagnosis of the problem. “I sincerely and thoughtfully believe,” he wrote, “that my current attempts to demonstrate that American Negro shortcomings are preponderantly hereditary is the action most likely to reduce Negro agony in the future.” In other words, if dysgenics were the problem, it could be solved through eugenics.
This sort of thing was much too racy for the NAS and it turned down Dr. Shockley’s proposals year after year. Eventually, the great physicist lost patience. He had repeatedly warned the Academy that if differential birth rates really had thrown evolution into reverse, it was a catastrophe that required immediate attention. In his last proposal to the NAS in 1972, he called the Academy’s inaction “the most serious and obvious dereliction of intellectual responsibility in the history of science.”
It is clear from his papers that for Dr. Shockley, it was the sacred duty of scientists to search for the truth no matter how painful the truth might be. He often told his fellow scientists that “the courage to doubt in the face of the desire to believe is the true mark of the scientist” and reminded them of the moral obligation to think. Many of Dr. Shockley’s colleagues did think, and privately encouraged him, but only a few were willing to lend him public support.
As Dr. Pearson points out in his introduction to this collection, Dr. Shockley knew that research of the kind he thought vital to the nation’s future would never be possible if the media persisted in calling it “fascist” and “Nazi.” As he found himself spending more and more time fending off charges of “racism,” he began blaming “inverted liberals” who supported “unsearch” rather than research. He feared that those who thought they were helping blacks by opposing race-related research were the worst culprits. “If such effects [dysgenic trends among blacks] are occurring and if entrenched dogmatism is blocking their discovery,” he wrote, “then the consequence may be a cruel form of genetic enslavement. . . .”
Thought Experiments
Dr. Shockley never made formal policy proposals, but some of the “thought experiments” he suggested in his papers come very close. The best known was the $1,000 Bonus Proposal. Anyone of childbearing age would be offered $1,000 for every IQ point under 100 if he agreed to be sterilized. Dr. Shockley even suggested that for people too stupid to learn about the bonus, “bounty hunters” could be rewarded for calling it to their attention.
---------------------------------
De-evolution
De-evolution or devolution is a idea that a species is actually evolving "backward". Biblical literalists often favor the concept: they like to view Adam and Eve as perfect beings who were created, and hold that the subsequent human race has "devolved" from that perfection. De-evolution is sometimes formalized by the assertion that all (or most) mutations destroy information, rather than create develop information.
Cynics and misanthropes also use the term "devolution" to refer to the perceived increasing dominance of the stupid.
https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/De-evolution
---------------------------------
Devolution (biology)
http://www.basicknowledge101.com/pdf/maintain/Devolution%20(biology).pdf
---------------------------------
5 Times Evolution Ran in ‘Reverse’
Hagfish, penguins, and aphids are just some of the creatures that have been shaped by what’s known as regressive evolution.
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/10/reverse-evolution-explained-hagfish-penguins-snakes-science/
Several species of cave dwelling animals, including fish, crabs, and salamanders, have evolved blindness and deteriorated eye structure. Last year, a study on cavefish found that the eye and visual processing in the brain may comprise 5 to 17 percent of the animal’s total energy consumption. Another paper published the same year mirrored these results, finding that in the surface-dwelling counterparts of young Mexican cavefish, vision uses up 15 percent of the animals’ resting energy.
Researchers continue to debate whether energy consumption or random mutations drive vision loss, with both processes likely working simultaneously. And it’s not just the eyes. Here are a few more notable examples of regressive evolution.
Penguins Became Flightless Birds
Snakes Lost Their Legs
Aphids Have Tubeless Butts
Birds No Longer Have Teeth
-------------------------------
Can Evolution Run in Reverse? A Study Says It’s a One-Way Street
Evolutionary biologists have long wondered if history can run backward. Is it possible for the proteins in our bodies to return to the old shapes and jobs they had millions of years ago?
https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/29/science/29evol.html
{Some debate if this article is 100% correct}.
-----------------
Can there be anything called 'reverse evolution', like humans evolving into apes?
https://www.quora.com/Can-there-be-anything-called-reverse-evolution-like-humans-evolving-into-apes
{Can certain types of species evolve and other species devolve? Would both evolution and devolution be considered a form of mutation? If so, then what would the definition of devolution and evolution be precisely and scientifically defined as? Even if reverse evolution does not exist let us say, that means that dysgenic devolution could still exist in different species to regress, such as what we see in the Pug dog. Would we consider the defects in the Pug dog as a form of evolution, devolution or even both? Some say that you cannot call this reverse evolution, and that unwanted traits would still be considered a form of evolution. Does evolution have a direction, or is it just a process. If one species faced a catastrophe where they had to adapt to new surroundings to live and it deformed them to almost extinction, that this would still be considered evolution taking place. Many say that this would be defined as a form of dysgenic evolution if it were to make the species come closer to extinction. We can also see how there is a thing called primate collapse as well, and that certain species face extinction from not being able to adapt to their surroundings. We can see that certain species of dogs might even face extinction from having dysgenic developments in their species}.
------------
Speciation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within lineages.[1][2][3] Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book The Origin of Species.[4] He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic.
There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject matter of much ongoing discussion.
Rapid sympatric speciation can take place through polyploidy, such as by doubling of chromosome number; the result is progeny which are immediately reproductively isolated from the parent population. New species can also be created through hybridisation followed, if the hybrid is favoured by natural selection, by reproductive isolation.
Contents
1 Historical background
1.1 Darwin's dilemma: Why do species exist?
1.2 The effect of sexual reproduction on species formation
2 Modes
2.1 Allopatric
2.2 Peripatric
2.3 Parapatric
2.4 Sympatric
3 Methods of selection
3.1 Reinforcement
3.2 Ecological
3.3 Sexual selection
4 Artificial speciation
5 Genetics
5.1 Speciation via polyploidy
5.2 Hybrid speciation
5.3 Gene transposition
6 Rates
6.1 Punctuated evolution
1 Historical background
1.1 Darwin's dilemma: Why do species exist?
1.2 The effect of sexual reproduction on species formation
2 Modes
2.1 Allopatric
2.2 Peripatric
2.3 Parapatric
2.4 Sympatric
3 Methods of selection
3.1 Reinforcement
3.2 Ecological
3.3 Sexual selection
4 Artificial speciation
5 Genetics
5.1 Speciation via polyploidy
5.2 Hybrid speciation
5.3 Gene transposition
6 Rates
6.1 Punctuated evolution
--------------
Despeciation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despeciation
Despeciation is the loss of a unique species of animal due to its combining with another previously distinct species. It is the opposite of Speciation and is much more rare. It is similar to extinction in that there is a loss of a unique species but without the associated loss of a biological lineage. Despeciation has been noted in species of butterflies, sunflowers, mosquitoes, fish, wolves, and even humans.
----------------
Ecological Impacts of Reverse Speciation in Threespine Stickleback
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdfExtended/S0960-9822(16)00040-3
Highlights
Reverse speciation has led to a loss of diversity and a rapid phenotypic shift
Effects of reverse speciation on the prey community are pervasive
These effects are predictable and novel relative to other populations
Summary
Young species are highly prone to extinction via increased gene flow after human-caused environmental changes. This mechanism of biodiversity loss, often termed reverse speciation or introgressive extinction, is of exceptional interest because the parent species are typically highly differentiated ecologically. Reverse speciation events are potentially powerful case studies for the role of evolution in driving ecological changes, as the phenotypic shifts associated with introgressive extinction can be large and they occur over particularly short time scales. Furthermore, reverse speciation can lead to novel phenotypes, which may in turn produce novel ecological effects. Here we investigate the ecological shift associated with reverse speciation in threespine stickleback fish using a field study and a replicated experiment. We find that an instance of introgressive extinction had cascading ecological consequences that altered the abundance of both aquatic prey and the pupating aquatic insects that emerged into the terrestrial ecosystem. The community and ecosystem impacts of reverse speciation were novel, and yet they were also predictable based on ecological and morphological considerations. The study suggests that knowledge about the community ecology and changes in functional morphology of a dominant species may lead to some predictive power for the ecological effects of evolutionary change. Moreover, the rapid nature and resultant ecological impacts associated with reverse speciation demonstrates the interplay between biodiversity, evolutionary change, and ecosystem function.
RESULTS
Stickleback species pairs consist of a ‘‘benthic’’ ecotype that consumes primarily benthic invertebrates (e.g., amphipods andchironomid larvae) and a ‘‘limnetic’’ ecotype whose diet is dominated by zooplankton (e.g., copepods). Species pairs of stickleback have evolved independently five times in coastal southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Reverse speciation, marked by the dissolution of the genetic differences between ecotypes, occurred between 1994 and 2002 in one species pair inhabiting Enos Lake, leaving a single hybrid population with a mix of benthic and limnetic alleles. The vast majority of lakes in coastal southwestern British Columbia contain a single generalist population of stickleback with an intermediate phenotype, often halfway between the two ecotypes in morphology (Figure S1), and diet. Generalist populations are thought to be similar to the early freshwater-adapted populations that were the first stage in the origin of species pairs. We use them in this experiment as a proxy for a ‘‘prespeciation’’ freshwater state. The availability of extant species pairs, generalist populations, and a benthic-limnetic pair that has undergone reverse speciation allows for a unique investigation of the ecological effects of reverse speciation. Here we focus on two contrasts: (1) species pairs compared to the intro-gressive extinction population of Enos Lake, to determine the ecological consequences of reverse speciation, and (2) generalist populations compared to the introgressive extinction population, to determine whether reverse speciation has led to a novel morphology and ecological impact compared to the ‘‘pre-speci-ation’’ state. In addition to differences in diet, sympatric species of stickle-back show divergence in morphology, particularly in functional traits related to prey capture. Previous analyses indicate that the genes underlying many divergent phenotypic traits of benthic and limnetic ecotypes have largely(though not entirely) additive effects in hybrids, which are inter-mediate in most traits. We examined the morphology of the reverse speciation population in Enos Lake using amorphological axis designed to discriminate between benthic and limnetic ecotypes. We found that reverse speciation (mean of 3.62) has yielded a morphology that is five times closer to that of the benthic (mean of 5.44) ecotype than the limnetic(mean of 5.97) (Figure S1). Thus, reverse speciation in Enos Lake did not lead to a full return to the generalist intermediate morphology (mean of 0.29). Instead, the reverse speciation population is significantly more benthic like in morphology than generalist populations (Figure S1) (t = 8.34, degrees of freedom[df] = 139, p < 0.001; Cohen’sd= 1.43). The benthic-like shift of the Enos Lake form is most likely partly a genetic consequence of the decline in the frequency of the limnetic ecotype in the early stages of collapse. Given the established links between morphology and diet in stickleback, we can make predictions about how the loss of the species pairs and the shift of the hybrid toward a more benthic morphology will alter prey abundances and ecosystem function. As such, we expected the ecological consequences of reverse speciation to include stronger trophic impacts on the benthic community, reduced trophic impacts on the plankton community, and cascading effects on ecosystem function relative to both extant species pairs and to generalist intermediate populations.Thus, we expected reverse speciation to yield novel ecological consequences relative to other populations of stickleback in the study.
Ecological Consequences of Reverse Speciation
To test the ecological effects of reverse speciation, we first compared the zooplankton communities between lakes, which we found to differ dramatically. Enos Lake is dominated by the small cladoceran Bosmina sp., which is rare in all the other lakes. The zooplankton community of Enos Lake was composed of 54% Bosmina sp., compared to 1.7% (±2.4%) and 0.6% (±0.4%) for species pair and generalist lakes, respectively. This difference in community composition matches results from previous studies that documented an in-crease in Bosmina abundance in experimental mesocosms that housed only benthic stickleback. Prior to reverse speciation, Bosmina was heavily consumed by the limnetic ecotype and was rarely, if ever, consumed by benthic stickleback in Enos Lake (Table S2). Relaxation of predation by stickleback on Bosmina after the shift in phenotype during introgressive extinction could thus explain their high abundance in Enos Lake. Previous whole lake manipulation studies have shown that reducing numbers of zooplanktivorous fish often leads to increased abundances of cladocerans.We also carried out a replicated mesocosm experiment and found a trend toward greater total zooplankton biomass (Figure S3) and a corresponding decrease in phytoplankton biomass (t = 2.92, df =31, p = 0.006; Cohen’sd=0.95) in the reverse speciation treatment compared to the species pair treatment. However, the effect of reverse speciation on the zooplankton community was not as large in the mesocosm as we observed in the native lake (Table S1). Our mesocosm experiment included treatments containing stickleback from species pair, reverse speciation, and pre-speciation generalist lakes, allowing us to further investigate the effects of reverse speciation on littoral prey, insect emergence, and ecosystem properties. As predicted from a shift to a more benthic morphology, the abundance of non-chironomidbenthic invertebrates was reduced by 40% in introgressive extinction replicates relative to mesocosms containing extant species pairs of stickleback (t= 2.33, df = 29,p = 0.027; Cohen’sd= 1.16). In contrast to the decrease of non-chironomid invertebrates, we observed an approximately 2-fold increase in insect emergence in the introgressive extinction treatment compared to the species pair treatment(t = 3.28, df = 29, p = 0.003; Cohen’sd= 1.06). This increase was produced almost entirely by chironomids, which made up 99% of the abundance of aquatic insects emerging from the mesocosms into the terrestrial traps. These consequences agree with previous studies showing that benthic ecotypes deplete the abundance of many invertebrate groups but can facilitate chironomid abundance compared with the effects of limnetic ecotypes.The impacts of reverse speciation were also observable at the ecosystem level, where we found a 9% decrease in decomposition compared to the species pair treatment over the course of the mesocosm experiment (t = 2.43, df = 28, p = 0.022; Cohen’sd= 1.02). This finding is consistent with elevated predation by reverse speciation fish on benthic invertebrates, many of which contribute to leaf litter decomposition. We also observed a significant difference in dissolved organic carbon(DOC), with mesocosms containing Enos Lake hybrids having 17% greater DOC than species pair replicates (t = 3.12,df = 30, p = 0.004; Cohen’sd= 1.19). Speciation in stickleback has previously been shown to alter carbon composition in an...
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“Reverse Genomics” Predicts Function of Human Conserved Noncoding Elements
https://watermark.silverchair.com/msw001.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAj0wggI5BgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggIqMIICJgIBADCCAh8GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMYh2OVLcpYLT1sMUHAgEQgIIB8AObNbmjQPstZ5DxQ1fRdZHFoG74mHBwFfRTfpfSDKb9sSybz3-mKZQCrx8wampc8-sKn2u6f-PEWFMksX4ZzGrOjREC7WCETnRAXYSh7LDNfai0c5jBl-wO0IseFYGU0XJpIkb1JlRXXquXTSrjiGsslsZZNkSTZSXiDMNf-1WKDp1cbQbthXykPGAENwPqyx7_C7PXFjlWzPk9XZA5GgSeHtqhTkczFXlcNUsDY4ml7_Te0UvI3vhHVvP7HORJQC2FMxF2rbtIzHQnTkP_zkXl05ju6qOgFgA5yDRsEecBOtLgCNkJAkf5IMRjbbvXG-00Pk9SUx27vQToHAU85XFFtkptsdkzPSAl6LIXWB4pGy1h8uY0_hnvEdo7fYTNMRcVW14Nv5_Hsg8tBtmJlUsd7KIVvWs8I4wjIcnE2S-I4VG6vvsI_nUnppr9usM4SYeDC671nhWMjBzQ5PBl3O1gy3ss32YsxNP21XldJFVKSzEQhYGTKkJzU7ACfJ8H1UGvp2MC-dTKDKah5FxymA1tKome1Ud0hQEMI8qRizxrOsM0VdV-SSULLTCCf_cWzUKfL-6_O1ikTrcgF6yfORpIWijR38Q9cLJ36qqn7vFAGAcV5TcqzSqyAeDf2EGlqfTQsHa56fdiu-CL3OZ1bik
Abstract
Evolutionary changes in cis-regulatory elements are thought to play a key role in morphological and physiological diversity across animals. Many conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) function as cis-regulatory elements, controlling gene expression levels in different biological contexts. However, determining specific associations between CNEs and related phenotypes is a challenging task. Here, we present a computational “reverse genomics” approach that predicts the phenotypic functions of human CNEs. We identify thousands of human CNEs that were lost in at least two independent mammalian lineages (IL-CNEs), and match their evolutionary profiles against a diverse set of phenotypes recently annotated across multiple mammalian species. We identify 2,759 compelling associations between human CNEs and a diverse set of mammalian phenotypes. We discuss multiple CNEs, including a predicted ear element near BMP7, a pelvic CNE in FBN1, a brain morphology element in UBE4B, and an aquatic adaptation forelimb CNE near EGR2, and provide a full list of our predictions. As more genomes are sequenced and more traits are annotated across species,we expect our method to facilitate the interpretation of noncoding mutations in human disease and expedite the discovery of individual CNEs that play key roles in human evolution and development.
Introduction
Advancements in comparative genomics, along with the in-creased availability of whole genome sequences, have led to the identification of many noncoding genomic regions evolving under strong purifying selection. These conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) often act ascis-regulatory elements of nearby genes in specific tissues and time points, and some have already been shown tobe associated with vertebrate development and transcriptional regulation. In humans, a large fraction of common trait and disease variation is noncoding, and a growing number of cis-regulatory mutations have been implicated in human disease. In fact, over 80% of single nucleotide polymorphisms found to be associated with diseases through genome-wide association studies are noncoding (Hindorffet al. 2009). Although CNE loss events during mammalian evolution are relatively rare (McLean and Bejerano 2008), a recent report highlighted hundreds of CNEs that have been lost in at least two independent mammalian lineages. Moreover, evolutionary changes in CNEs have been demonstrated to play key roles in the remarkable morphological, physiological, and behavioral diversity observed across species. Evidence supporting phenotypic modifications via gains and losses in cis-regulatory regions has been collected over the past decades in many different species, including yeast, flies, fish, mammals, and humans. Despite vast increases over the last few years in the amount of available genomic data, determining the function of cis-regulatory elements has remained a challenging task, as cross-species sequence differences are confounded by millions of nonsignificant mutations and genomic changes. Another major challenge in phenotype–genotype mapping is pleiotropy, where a genomic element is involved in multiple unrelated functions and can be active in an even greater number of contexts without contributing (or disturbing) function. Recent efforts, such as the ENCODE project, have focused on identifying active elements in the human and mouse genomes by measuring patterns of transcription factor (TF) binding and histone modification marks across different cell lines and developmental time points. Although these maps have become a valuable resource for identifying activecis-regulatory elements and generating new hypotheses about their roles, they are limited to a subset of cell types and conditions, and it is unclear which of these bio chemically active events actually contribute to gene regulation or are important for evolutionary fitness. As a result, directly linking biochemically active cis-regulatory elements with specific phenotypic adaptation or disease is yet difficult.
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Can species devolve?
https://www.quora.com/Can-species-devolve---------------------------
Jaguar Cult – Down’s Syndrome – Were Jaguar
https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/jaguar-cult-downs-syndrome-were-jaguar/
It is also interesting to note that the Olmec seem to have felt a kind of fascination for those individuals affected by deformities as shown in their representations. Lacking scientific knowledge, it is possible that all sorts of mystical concepts were used to evaluate or explain deformities. This type of behavior was also characteristic of later cultures and was commented upon by the Spaniards who found the emperor Montezuma surrounded by hunchbacks and dwarfs. The Olmec left a generous number of figurines representing different kinds of deformities, such as dwarfs, hunchbacks, and even individuals with leper-like characteristics.
A close look at the extreme micrognathia of the serpentine figure of an infant from Iguala, Guerrero, for example, shows it as strongly reminiscent of an individual affected by the Pierre Robin syndrome. The fact that it is an infant supports this point of view since individuals affected by this congenital defect rarely live beyond infancy, even today, due to respiratory distress and/or feeding difficulties. In other words, the Olmec were meticulous observers of the pathos occurring in their gene pool and represented this in their artifactual material with equal care and realism.
In all ages and cultures there is one type of ailment that never failed to impress the healthy members of any given society in a most peculiar, even dramatic way; that is mental retardation. Some examples—in Classical Greece the mentally feeble were allowed to perish from exposure and even drowned. The ancient Romans had laws for the physical elimination of these unfortunates. In Medieval Europe some regarded the mentally retarded as humans without a soul and connected with witchcraft, while others considered them holy. The latter attitude, however, was more characteristic of Eastern cultures.
From this observation, the question which now arises concerns Olmec behavior towards the mentally retarded. The only way to speculate on this matter would be through the careful observation of their cultural production, comparing it to known facts regarding the attitudes of primitive or advanced societies towards the feeble-minded. Olmec careful representations of their pathos seem to indicate the presence of a great degree of mysticism in their society.
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{This would explain why Mexicans and South American Indians have more dysgenic traits than white people. Notice how in the movie 300 how Persians would also try to keep people who were deformed or mentally retarded around the inner palace circles as well. We can see how the Greeks would try to kill off retards, the Greeks were superior to many Persians, Mexican Jaguar people and many Arabs. Look at just what 300 Spartans did to so many dysgenic Persians in the Battle of Thermopylae. We can see how many Persians are also very bad at pro sports, and why you never see them staring in the NFL or NBA that often. Then we see how they want to try to race mix an inferior race of people with a superior white race of people to water down our genes. So much for your one world race to get rid of white people}.
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Alex Jones Freaks Joe Out
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixxTwcAELB8
{We must stop these brachycephalic baby killing Chinese nationalists that are killing American human infants for harvesting their organs and declaring a race war against American citizens. We are calling for the removal of all Chinese Nationalists out of America with the Chinese Exclusion Act. You think that if China continues to illegally harvest organs in China, that this practice would spread around the world}.
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How Chinese Doctors Who Harvest Organs Get Away With Murder
https://www.forbes.com/sites/ewelinaochab/2019/01/08/how-chinese-doctors-who-harvest-organs-get-away-with-murder/#1f4ba635c103
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Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_harvesting_from_Falun_Gong_practitioners_in_China#United_States
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Mexican cartel member busted for child organ trafficking
https://nypost.com/2014/03/18/mexican-cartel-member-busted-for-child-organ-trafficking/
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Mexican cartel henchman arrested for killing children to harvest their organs
Atrocities committed by Mexican narcotics syndicates have reached a new low with the announcement that a henchman for the vicious Knights Templar has been arrested on suspicion of killing children by removing their internal organs.
https://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/mexican-cartel-leader-accused-killing-children-harvest-organs-article-1.1725522
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Police nab cartel member in organ trafficking case
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/03/17/cartel-mexico-organ-trafficking/6548691/
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Inside The Mexican Cartel's Unspoken Child Organ Harvesting Ring
https://www.ranker.com/list/mexico-child-organ-harvesting/amandasedlakhevener
{This is also why we need to ban these brachycephalic organ harvesting illegal Mexicans from coming into America and trying to illegally kidnap people to harvest their organs}.
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Mexican Genetics Study Reveals Huge Variation in Ancestry
UCSF-Stanford Team Uncovers Basis for Health Differences among Latinos
In the most comprehensive genetic study of the Mexican population to date, researchers from UC San Francisco and Stanford University, along with Mexico’s National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), have identified tremendous genetic diversity, reflecting thousands of years of separation among local populations and shedding light on a range of confounding aspects of Latino health.
The study, which documented nearly 1 million genetic variants among more than 1,000 individuals, unveiled genetic differences as extensive as the variations between some Europeans and Asians, indicating populations that have been isolated for hundreds to thousands of years.
https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/06/115251/mexican-genetics-study-reveals-huge-variation-ancestry
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Genetic characterization and disease mechanism of retinitis pigmentosa; current scenario
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5515732/
AbstractRetinitis pigmentosa is a group of genetically transmitted disorders affecting 1 in 3000–8000 individual people worldwide ultimately affecting the quality of life. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized as a heterogeneous genetic disorder which leads by progressive devolution of the retina leading to a progressive visual loss. It can occur in syndromic (with Usher syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome) as well as non-syndromic nature. The mode of inheritance can be X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. To date 58 genes have been reported to associate with retinitis pigmentosa most of them are either expressed in photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium. This review focuses on the disease mechanisms and genetics of retinitis pigmentosa. As retinitis pigmentosa is tremendously heterogeneous disorder expressing a multiplicity of mutations; different variations in the same gene might induce different disorders. In recent years, latest technologies including whole-exome sequencing contributing effectively to uncover the hidden genesis of retinitis pigmentosa by reporting new genetic mutations. In future, these advancements will help in better understanding the genotype–phenotype correlations of disease and likely to develop new therapies.
Genetic characterization of retinitis pigmentosa
Non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa
Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa So far mutations in 24 different genes have been associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RetNet 2015) but only a few genes account for a relevant percentage of the retinitis pigmentosa cases, these include, RHO (26.5%), RPRH2 (5-9%), PRPF31 (8%) and RP1 (3-5%). Table 3 shows the genes that are associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
Mutation in PRPF31 (Pre-mRNA splicing factor of 61 kDa) is currently proposed to play a vital role in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, inducing 1–8% cases of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
Apparently PRPF31 is one of the three pre-mRNA splicing factors inducing autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, two other factors are PRPF3 (1% of all cases) and PRPF8 (3% of all cases). One of the unique characteristics of mutations in PRPF31 is the incomplete penetrance. Mode of inheritance may be complicated to determine if symptomless carriers have affected parents and children, because of that genetic counseling of family is hindered. Symptomatic patients have been reported to experience night blindness and loss of visual field in teenage, and are generally reported as blind, when they are in the 30 s. Comparison of haplotype analysis of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients reveals that both types inherit different wild-type allele. Wild-type allele with a high level of expression may adjust for the nonfunctional mutated allele, but wild-type allele with low expression is unable to reach the activity threshold level of required photoreceptor-specific PRPF31.
By positional cloning RP1 gene was first time reported by linkage testing in large autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa family southeastern Kentucky. Mutations in RP1 gene induce both dominant and recessive types of retinitis pigmentosa. 240-kD retinal photoreceptor-specific protein is encoded by RP1 gene and the expression of RP1 in very prominent. Clinical diagnosis of patients carrying RP1 mutated gene shows reduced visual field diameters. Generally genetic disorders are thought to be caused by environmental factors, allelic heterogeneity and genetic variations, but for RP1 disorders, genetic variants are thought to important because of the severity of disorder variety reveals the patients with the same primary mutation.
The first component of visual transduction pathway is rhodopsin and when the light is absorbed by the rod cell of the retina, it is activated (Murray et al. 2009). With more than 100 mutations, approximately 30–40% cases of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa are induced due to mutations in RHO gene. Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and autosomal dominant congenital night blindness can also be induced by the mutations in RHO gene. Murray and colleagues reported the autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa case resulted from RHO gene mutation, which nominated a protein with no 6th and 7th transmembrane, including the 11-cis retinal binding site (Rosenfeld et al. 1992). In a mouse model experiment carrying dominant retinitis pigmentosa, improved retinal function was achieved, following subretinal administration of recombinant are non-associated virus vectors containing RNAi-based suppressors. Latterly, restoration of visual function was achieved in P23H transgenic rats following subretinal administration of recombinant are non-associated virus vectors containing Bip/Grp78 gene (Gorbatyuk et al. 2010). In spite of all knowledge in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa induced by the RHO gene mutation, therapeutical approaches did not proceed at the same pace.
The PRPH2 (Peripherin 2) gene, once recognized as RDS (retinal degeneration slow) gene containing 3 exons and encoded 346 amino acid protein (39-kDa integral membrane glycoprotein). The protein is reported at the outer segment disc of cone and rod photoreceptor, containing one intradiscal domain (D2) and four transmembrane domains (known as M1–M4). The protein in combination with another protein (ROM1) forms homo-tetrameric and heterotetrameric complexes and also forms a homo-oligomeric structure with itself (Loewen et al. 2001). In 1991, PRPH2 mutations inducing retinitis pigmentosa were first time reported and cause about 5-9% of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa cases. Mutation in PRPH2 gene and ROM1 gene has been observed to cause digenic retinitis pigmentosa.
For autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa, over 40 genes have been mapped (Table 4) and most of the genes are rare and cause 1% of fewer cases. Some genes like RP25, PDE6A, RPE65, and PDE6B have higher prevalence percentage up to 2–5% of all cases.
Mutations that are rare to another geographical region can be the common reason to cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa in particular populations, for example the RP25 locus has been reported for causing 10-20% of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa cases in Spanish populations.
PDE6 (PDE6A, PDE6B, PDE6G)
One α, β and two γ subunits are important parts of the PDE6 complex; which encode a protein that has a vital function in rod photoreceptor visual phototransduction. Intracellular cGMP level is maintained by the complex by the hydrolyzing process of cGMP, due to G protein light activation(Tsang et al. 1998). In retinitis pigmentosa case, processes are unknown that induce rod photoreceptor death, but it is thought that low PDE6 activity may lead to rode-cone devolution. For proper photoreceptor function every subunit of PDE6 complex is necessary, in fact for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa, mutations in PDE6A and PDE6B genes are second most familiar cause for inducing disease. Visual loss is the main risk for heterozygous carriers, carrying mutations in PDE6 gene, when PDE6 is inhibited using drugs like revatio, cialis, or levitra (Tsang et al. 2008). Latterly PDE6G gene is reported with a mutation, causing autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (early onset) (Dvir et al. 2010).
RPE65 (an enzyme by which all-trans-retinyl esters in hydrolyzed into 11-cis-retinol) is vital for the re-formation of the visual pigments essential for rod-mediated and cone-mediated vision and it is expressed in the pigmented layer of the retina. RPE65 gene has been reported for approximately 60 mutations and causing recessive retinitis pigmentosa (2%) and leber congenital amaurosis (16%) (Cai et al. 2009). In three pre-clinical experiments, patients with leber congenital amaurosis were injected with adeno-associated viral vectors comprising the human RPE65 cDNA. Modest level improvements were achieved in visual acuity (Bainbridge et al. 2008; Cideciyan et al. 2008; Maguire et al. 2008).
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa patients exhibit severe phenotypes in early phases of disorder development and account approximately 10–15% of all retinitis pigmentosa cases. In some cases, deafness, abnormal sperm development and defective respiratory tract were noticed (Veltel and Wittinghofer 2009). Only two gene loci (RP2 and RP3) have been recognized so far out of six mapped gene loci (RP2, RP6, RP23, RP24, RP34 and RPGR) on X-chromosome (Table 5). More than 70% patients carrying X-linked retinitis pigmentosa have mutations in RP3 gene, and RP3 gene product is located on an external segment of rod photoreceptor (Vervoort et al. 2000). Approximately 10–15% patients carry X-linked retinitis pigmentosa due to mutations in RP2 gene (Veltel and Wittinghofer 2009).
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Is north Indian population changing it craniofacial form? A study of secular trends in craniometric indices and its relation to sex and ancestry estimation
https://www.oatext.com/Is-north-Indian-population-changing-it-craniofacial-form-A-study-of-secular-trends-in-craniometric-indices-and-its-relation-to-sex-and-ancestry-estimation.php
Introduction
Skeletal features and craniometry (measurements of skull) are often used in forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology to make estimations of biological profile or identifications of unknown. In the early 20th century, indices were widely utilized by Anthropologists to categorize human populations. But these days it is mainly used to express the individual’s appearances. An index is a mathematically expressed relationship between the quantifications, which eliminates the chances of overlapping of craniofacial measurements that might have taken place among different populations or between male and female. To find out an index, the shorter measurement is arranged as numerator and the longer as denominator, which gives elevate to a fraction that has to be multiplied by 100. Features that can be expressed as actual measurements, e.g. cranial index, nasal index; provide a system for metrical recording of sizes and proportions of cranial features in lieu of subjective impressions. Since these indices yield a numerical expression, it is an important parameter for evaluating inter and intra population comparisons of crania as well as the sexual dimorphism. As craniofacial shape can be access directly via this method, morphological differences or similarities among populations to be expressed in a more substantial way than in the case of individual linear measurements. Shape indices thus make a relative statement about cranial morphology; e.g., a cranium is broad for its length. These are highly variable and discriminative among populations across geographical regions and also permit comparison of cranial morphometry between parents, offspring and siblings, which may provide a clue to genetic transmission of inherited characters. In addition, standardized cephalometric data enable diagnostic comparison between diseased and the normal population.These craniometric indices may be affected by secular or temporal changes. Secular changes are physical changes that may take place within the given population due to dramatic shifts in living standards or exposure to a new environment. These types of changes over the short-term are thought to be the result of an improvement or decline in environmental conditions, particularly nutrition. Previously, significant craniofacial changes in the dimension of past and present populations of Eastern and Western band Cherokee population (a Native American tribe), African and White, Japanese, Croatian, Mexican and Indians have been reported. Significant secular increase has been found in all those variables which are used to calculate craniofacial indices e.g. cranial length and breadth, facial height, cranial height and bizygomatic breadth. The specificity of the particular cranial feature may be diluted due to temporal changes over decades, as the cranium is becoming higher and narrower. Indian population has gone through a considerable change after the independence in 1947. These studies showed the evidences of remodeling of cranial vault in Indian population and confirm that the sex classification accuracies may differ due to varying levels of dimorphism between two successive populations of the same geographical region. The extent of sexual dimorphism found to decrease in contemporary population while a trend toward increased cranial breadth (brachycephalization) observed in contemporary females. It is supposed that the marked intra-population differences in the cranial measurements of temporally-different samples may also contribute in changing pattern of cranial indices, which has never investigated.
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Variations in the thickness of the cranial vault in a deformed skull from pre-Hispanic Ancón (Peru)
Abstract
A medical tomodensitometric study (TDM) was performed on a dry skull from the necropolis of Ancón in Peru. The skull, housed at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle in Paris, displays an anteroposterior, brachycephalic, oblique, asymmetric, and bilobar deformation. TDM permitted 3-D reconstructions of the skull, endocranium, and vault thickness. The external surface displayed deformation and asymmetry in the bone structures and the endocranium demonstrated deformation and asymmetry in the brain lobes and superficial structures. The TDM demonstration of abnormal variations and pronounced asymmetry in the thickness of the vault strongly suggested that the deformation was ante mortem. The 3-D TDM reconstructions also helped to reconstruct the device used to deform the head.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13219-016-0160-y
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A look at Mayan artificial cranial deformation practices: Morphological and cultural aspects
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49649007_A_look_at_Mayan_artificial_cranial_deformation_practices_Morphological_and_cultural_aspects
Abstract
Induced
deformation of the cranial vault is one form of permanent alteration of
the body that has been performed by human beings from the beginning of
history as a way of differentiating from others. These procedures have
been observed in different cultures, but were particularly widespread in
Mesoamerica. The authors examined and reviewed the historical and
anthropological literature of intentional deformation practices in Mayan
culture. The Mayans performed different types of cranial deformations
and used different techniques and instruments to deform children's
heads. The most remarkable morphological alteration is seen in the
flattening of the frontal bone. Some archeological investigations link
deformation types with specific periods. This article provides a glance
at the cultural environment of the Mayans and demonstrates the
heterogeneity of this interesting cultural phenomenon, which has changed
over time.
The Spanish Franciscan Diego de Landa described
how the Mayans deformed the heads of their children in
1572. He describes the women as bringing up their chil-
dren with the greatest roughness and says that as a rule
the children went naked. Scarcely 4 or 5 days after birth
the child was stretched out upon a sort of little bed made
of reeds or strips of other material, and then the head was
placed between two boards, one at the back and one at the
front. These were then pressed together and fastened. For
days at a time the child was thus left in suffering; Landa
adds that sometimes so much pain was caused that the
children died, and that he himself saw one who had openings
behind the ears, a condition that, it was reported, was
not uncommon.
According to experts, 2 main head shapes existed:
erect deformation and oblique deformation. Erect deformation
is associated with cradle-boards, a deforming device that affected
corporal mobility. The child was placed in a decubitus position,
which is associated with lambdoidal flattening. The lambdoidal flattening
is associated with cradle-boards, a deforming device that affected
corporal mobility. The child was placed in a decubitus position,
which is associated with lambdoidal flattening. The lambdoidal flattening
was associated with erect deformation as a secondary,
unintentional effect because of the position of the child
in the cradle-board. The occipital flattening was often
asymmetrical and was not limited to a single side but was
noted on both the left and right sides.
Oblique deformation was attained without affecting
the mobility of the child. Instead, paddles were
the mobility of the child. Instead, paddles were
applied directly to the head. This type of deformation had
several variants. The pseudoanular, bilobulated, and tri-
lobulated variants were all obtained when a frontal board
was employed together with a system of bandaging.
Some archeological investigations link deformation
types with specific periods. Oblique deformation began
during the Preclassic period (500–300 BC). During the
Classic period, both the oblique form (with its pseudoanu-
lar variant) and the erect form are present. In the Postclas-
sic period, the erect form was dominant, and it seems that
the technique was widespread within the Mayan territory
and had few variants.
-------------------
The Repercussions of the Human Skeletons from Lagoa Santa in the International Scenario
https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/0/23658/files/2015/09/Hubbe-Neves-2017-Chapter-1-1rka67s.pdf
Typological Studies of the Origin of Paleoamerican Morphology
Given the possibility that the human skeletons from Lagoa Santa might be extremely ancient, the material was promptly included in the discussions of the morphological characteristics of the first human beings in the New World, and how those characteristics were related to the history of our species in general. Various authors in that initial period described the Lagoa Santa individuals as being representatives of a primitive and unique human race, the so-called Lagoa Santa Man, who represented the proto-type of the American morphological type. Even though such conclusions were based on the possibility of the great antiquity of the Lagoa Santa material (whether contem-porary with the megafauna or not), descriptions of the cranial morphology were recur-rently presented to support that idea. As mentioned above, Lund (1844) himself described the morphology of the Lagoa Santa material as being primitive, particularly in the aspect of the slope of the forehead. Even though Lund’s description was eventu-ally shown to be incorrect (Hrdliþka 1912), most researchers who analyzed the mate-rial considered the Lagoa Santa specimens to belong to a singular human race. Lacerda and Peixoto (1876), for example, compared the Lagoa Santa skulls to those of Botocudo Indians from central-eastern Brazil deposited in the IHGB and also to other skeletal series and concluded that “the present day indigenous races represent a mix-ture of two different types” (p. 74) of which the Lagoa Santa type was the more ancient and more closely resembled that of the Botocudo Indians. Hansen (1888) took a simi-lar view and concluded that the great uniformity of the Sumidouro crania indicated the presence of a very ancient race that occupied most of South America and later mixed with other racial elements, especially groups with brachycephalic crania. Strongly influenced by the hierarchic and progressive model for human races that prevailed in their day, according to which the populations of Asia and the Native Americans occupied the lower rungs of the ladder in terms of intellectual and moral capacity, most authors who studied the material from Lagoa Santa, including Reinhardt (1888), Quatrefages (1879, 1887), and Kollman (1884), were of the opin-ion that the Lagoa Santa groups had the same morphological features as the more recent groups of Native Americans, that is, “the same racial features as the Indians still living today” (Kollman 1884:198). However, even that opinion was not entirely generalized. After conducting a complete examination of all the human skulls deposited in Copenhagen, Ten Kate (1885) criticized Kollman’s conclusions, which had been based on the study of only part of the collection of 15 crania that were available at the time. Ten Kate concluded that at least one of the skulls studied did not have the same morphological features as the others but showed a brachycephalic tendency. Based on that observation, the author argued that even among the ancient Lagoa Santa crania, it was possible that the mixture of “racial types” was already in progress, and he, therefore, rejected the idea that the Lagoa Santa skulls represented the typical shape of the American aboriginals. That opinion of Ten Kate’s was shared by Virchow (1892), who also studied the collection in Denmark, and con-cluded that during the prehistoric period represented by the Lagoa Santa collection, the continent was inhabited by dolichocephalic and brachycephalic races whose regions of settlement overlapped, thereby allowing for their miscegenation.
--------------------
Elongated Skulls: Africa
http://www.soul-guidance.com/houseofthesun/elongatedskulls/elongatedskullsafrica.html
-----------------
{Many have theories or question if some of these elongated skulls are alien skulls}.
------------------
Elongated Skulls: North America
http://www.soul-guidance.com/houseofthesun/elongatedskulls/elongatedskullsnorthamerica.html
------------------
Plagiocephaly/brachycephaly associated with lower cognitive and academic achievement scores
1. Children with positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB) had significantly lower scores in global cognitive ability (GCA), nonverbal reasoning, verbal, and working memory scores compared to unaffected controls undergoing neuropsychological assessment.
2. Children with PPB also had lower achievement scores for math, reading and writing, but these differences were not significant.
https://www.2minutemedicine.com/plagiocephaly-brachycephaly-associated-with-lower-cognitive-and-academic-achievement-scores/
--------------------------
DEFORMATIONAL BRACHYCEPHALY IN SUPINE-SLEEPING INFANTS
http://familyop.com/Library/Cranial%20Research%20Articles/Brachycephaly%20in%20Supine%20sleeping.pdf
Objectives
Medical dictionaries and anthropologic sources define brachycephaly as a cranial index (CI = width divided bylength3100%) greater than 81%. We examine the impact of supine sleeping on CI and compare orthotic treatment with repositioning.
Study design
We compared the effect of repositioning versus helmet therapy on CI in 193 infants referred for abnormal head shape.
Results
Eighty percent of the infants had a pretreatment CI > 81%. Their initial mean CI at mean age 5.3 months was 89%,and after treatment, their mean CI was 87% (±2 SE = 0.9%) at mean age 9.0 months. For 92 infants with an initial CI at or above90%, their initial mean CI of 96.1% was reduced to a mean of 91.9%.
Conclusions
Post-treatment CI was 86% to 88%, CI in neonates delivered by cesarean section was 80%, and CI in supine-sleeping Asian children was 85% to 91%, versus 78% to 83% for prone-sleeping American children. Repositioning was lesseffective than cranial orthotic therapy in correcting severe brachycephaly. We recommend varying the head position when putting infants to sleep.
--------------------------
Curman’s Skull: Scientific Racism and Art
Abstract
In
a group portrait by the Swedish painter August Malmström from c. 1894,
the professor of anatomy Carl Curman is seen lecturing a group of
students at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts in Stockholm, most of them
women. The painting has often been used to illustrate the change that
came to the Academy of Arts in 1864, when a separate Ladies’ Department,
opened. This article investigates the painting from another
perspective, raising the question: what exactly was Curman teaching? As a
result of the analysis, Malmström’s group portrait reveals the impact
of Scientific Racism on nineteenth-century art education. Hereby,
Curman’s lecture is put in the context of among others Petrus Camper’s
idea that the different races differ in skull shape, and particularly in
facial angle and Anders Retzius’ classification system for skulls.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00233609.2018.1450290
------------------------------
Cranial Index of Dry Foetal Skulls In South Indian Population (East Indians)
https://www.jpsr.pharmainfo.in/Documents/Volumes/vol9Issue04/jpsr09041726.pdf
On the basis of cephalic/cranial index head shapes were grouped into four international categories, which includes, Dolicocephalic (Greek Kephale - head and dolikhos - long and thin), Brachicephalic (short and broad), Mesocephalic (intermediate length and width) and Hyperbrachicephalic (very short and broad). Australian aborigines and native southern Africans are Dolicocephalic, Europeans and the Chinese skulls are Mesocephalic and Mongolians and the Andaman Islanders have Brachicephalic skulls. Comparison between cephalic indices and the head shapes with race, age and sex is important, which are valuable for treatment monitoring and prediction of orthodontic treatment and the knowledge is valuable in plastic and reconstructive surgeries concerned with craniofacial deformities. The present study is mainly concerned to categorise human foetal skull in relation to their geographic variation. CI is also used to describe individual’s appearances and to estimate age of foetuses for legal and obstetrical reasons
---------------------------
{Look at how Australian Aborigines and native southern Africans are Dolicocephalic, and have the lowest IQ out of many of the races on the planet.
Europeans and the Chinese skulls are Mesocephalic and have the highest IQ out of many of the races of the planet.
Mongolians and the Andaman Islanders have brachycephalic skulls. We can see how some
Indian Americans have higher levels of Mongolian and Asian DNA from the people of Asia
crossing the land bridge. This would explain why many South Americans also have
brachycephalic traits, and why many East Asians look similar to some South Americans}.
------------------------
Indian study of genetics of Andaman Islanders uncovers new human ancestor
https://www.sott.net/article/323869-Indian-study-of-genetics-of-Andaman-Islanders-uncovers-new-human-ancestor
A study published a few days ago in the journal Nature Genetics has found the presence of a third and a new ancestor to humans — a sibling of the Neanderthal and the Denisovan. The study compared the complete DNA sequences of the Jarawas and the Onges living in the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal with the DNA sequences of Neanderthals and Denisovans, and they found some notable differences in the DNA sequences.
"In this study we have found in the DNA sequence of modern humans, specially in the Jarawa and Onge populations, fragments of DNA that belong neither to the Neanderthal nor the Denisovan nor even to most of the contemporary human groups," says Partha P. Majumder, one of the corresponding authors of the paper and Director of the National Institute of Biomedical Genomics in Kalyani, West Bengal.
"Further statistical analysis of the DNA segments showed that the best explanation of the origin of these DNA fragments is that they belong to an unknown third human ancestor that is already extinct. The unknown human ancestor is like an evolutionary sibling of the Neanderthal and the Denisovan."
A small proportion of DNA from the unknown extinct hominin is found only in the population from South and Southeast Asia while it is absent from Europeans and East Asians. "That there is an ancestor of modern humans that was not discovered earlier is a major finding of our work," he says.
Though the remains of this extinct hominin have not been recovered yet, Dr. Majumder says the genome results provide definitive evidence that Homo heidelbergensis had given rise to multiple lineages, not just the Neanderthal and the Denisovan. The modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans all shared a common ancestor about 600,000 years ago.
Though the traditional approach is find fossils to conclusively prove the presence of a new ancestral lineage, thanks to genomics, scientists are today no longer completely dependent on fossils.
The whole genomes of 60 individuals drawn from a carefully sampled set of diverse ethnic groups of mainland India and 10 Jarawas and Onges were sequenced. In order to make the inferences more robust and enable comparisons, the genome data from other sources — 1000 Genomes study, Great Apes Genome Project, and 69 Genomes project of Complete Genomics — were also used in the joint statistical analysis.
The second major finding by the team was in ascertaining the reasons for the short stature of the Jarawas and Onges, and in finding out if it was because of their direct ancestral relationship to some population in Africa. The researchers identified 107 genes that have evolved under the impact of positive, advantageous natural selection. About 10 per cent (11 of 107) of these genes are involved in the determination of height. "What we found is that the short stature of the Jarawas and Onges is due to natural selection acting on genes that are known to determine height," says Dr. Majumder.
----------------------------
New Study Shows Neanderthals Were Not Our Ancestors
- Summary:
- In the most recent and mathematically rigorous study to date determining whether Neanderthals contributed to the evolution of modern humans, a team of anthropologists examining the skulls of modern humans and Neanderthals as well as 11 existing species of non-human primates found strong evidence that Neanderthals differ so greatly from Homo sapiens as to constitute a different species.
- https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/01/040127085316.htm
Near Eastern brachycephals; Syria, Armenia, and the Caucasus
https://www.theapricity.com/snpa/chapter-XII18.htm
-------------------------
Armenoid race
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenoid_race-------------------------
What did original Arabs look like
https://selfuni.wordpress.com/tag/what-did-original-arabs-look-like/
--------------------------
Profile of genetic disorders prevalent in northeast region of Cairo, Egypt
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110863011000620-------------------
The Bengali Pharaoh: Upper-Caste Aryanism, Pan-Egyptianism, and the Contested History of Biometric Nationalism in Twentieth-Century Bengal
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history/article/bengali-pharaoh-uppercaste-aryanism-panegyptianism-and-the-contested-history-of-biometric-nationalism-in-twentiethcentury-bengal/37417F64E39C96FED199F428E3EEF870/core-reader-----------------
The Genetic Reality of Race
http://www.humanbiologicaldiversity.com/Race_Face_Plates.htm
--------------------
Cephalic index
The cephalic index or cranial index is the ratio of the maximum width (bipareital diameter or BPD, side to side) of the head of an organism (human or animal) multiplied by 100 divided by its maximum length (occipitofrontal diameter or OFD, front to back). The index is also used to categorize animals, especially dogs and cats.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalic_index
-------------------------
5 Muscles You Might Be Missing
1. OCCIPITALIS MINOR
This thin banded muscle located just under the back of your skull allows you to move your scalp slightly. That's not a move that's in great evolutionary demand these days, so it's unsurprising that it's managed to disappear completely in some populations. All indigenous Melanesians are born without it, as well as about half of all Japanese people, and a third of Europeans. In the deep past, this muscle would've been used by our mammalian ancestors to move their ears and better detect the sound of predators—but by this point, it's essentially nonfunctional, which is why no one misses it when it's gone.
http://mentalfloss.com/article/91022/5-muscles-you-might-be-missing
{We can see more in races with higher IQ may be born without this muscle, or is this just a coincidence}?
------------------
Larger mammals have longer faces because of size-related constraints on skull form
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms3458-------------------------
-------------------------
-------------------------
-------------------------
-------------------------
Age, gender, and race/ethnic differences in total body and subregional bone density
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057045/
-------------
Race/ethnic differences in bone mineral densities in older men
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2974925/
--------------
Racial Differences in Bone Density between Young Adult Black and White Subjects Persist after Adjustment for Anthropometric, Lifestyle, and Biochemical Differences
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/82/2/429/2823249
--------------
Ethnic Differences in Bone Mass—Clinical Implications
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/97/12/4329/2536344
--------------
Bones in Different Races
https://depts.washington.edu/bonebio/bonAbout/race.html
-------------
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Bone Mineral Density of Young Adults
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43643584.pdf
-----------
Differences in bone mineral in young Asian and Caucasian Americans may reflect differences in bone size
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jbmr.5650111023
-----------
Body Size Accounts for Most Differences in Bone Density Between Asian and Caucasian Women
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002239900137
------------
Ethnic differences in bone geometry between White, Black and South Asian men in the UK
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S875632821630206X
-------------
Bone Health in Chinese American Women
https://americanbonehealth.org/racial-ethnicities/bone-health-in-chinese-american-women/
-----------
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Physical Activity and Bone Density: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2008
https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0183.htm
-------------
Ethnic differences in bone health
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2015.00024/full
--------------
Bone mass, micro architecture and strength are influenced by race/ethnicity in young adult men and women
https://bhsai.org/pubs/Popp_2017_Bone_Mass_Microarchitecture_and_Strength.pdf
--------------
STUDIES OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN SINGAPORE USING ISOTOPICRELATED TECHNIQUE
https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/35/055/35055793.pdf?r=1&r=1
--------------
Determinants of bone mass and bone size in a large cohort of physically active young adult men
https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-3-14
---------------
The National Osteoporosis Foundation’s position statementon peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematicreview and implementation recommendations
https://medschool.creighton.edu/fileadmin/user/medicine/Departments/Medicine/Endocrinology/ORC/Weaver_C_9645_The_National_Osteoporosis_Foundations_position_statement_on_peak_bone_mass_development_and_lifestyle_factors.pdf
---------------
Do East Asians produce less cortisol than caucasians?
https://www.quora.com/Do-East-Asians-produce-less-cortisol-than-caucasians---------------
Who’s Afraid Of Being “So Asian”?
http://www.8asians.com/2011/09/05/whos-afraid-of-being-so-asian/
-------------------
I went to bed every night wishing I could just wake up white
https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/life/culture/article/2018/06/05/i-went-bed-every-night-wishing-i-could-just-wake-white
----------------
Fracture Risk and Height: an Association Partly Accounted for by Cortical Porosity of Relatively Thinner Cortices
https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/41887/Fracture%20Risk_Journal%20of%20Bone%20and%20Mineral%20Research.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
--------------
The Chinese skeleton: insights into microstructure that help to explain the epidemiology of fracture
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem worldwide, but incidence varies greatly across racial groups and geographic regions. Recent work suggests that the incidence of osteoporotic fracture is rising among Asian populations. Studies comparing areal bone mineral density and fracture across races generally indicate lower bone mineral density in Asian individuals including the Chinese, but this does not reflect their relatively low risk of non-vertebral fractures. In contrast, the Chinese have relatively high vertebral fracture rates similar to that of Caucasians. The paradoxically low risk for some types of fractures among the Chinese despite their low areal bone mineral density has been elucidated in part by recent advances in skeletal imaging. New techniques for assessing bone quality non-invasively demonstrate that the Chinese compensate for smaller bone size by differences in hip geometry and microstructural skeletal organization. Studies evaluating factors influencing racial differences in bone remodeling, as well as bone acquisition and loss, may further elucidate racial variation in bone microstructure. Advances in understanding the microstructure of the Chinese skeleton have not only helped to explain the epidemiology of fracture in the Chinese, but may also provide insight into the epidemiology of fracture in other races as well.
https://www.nature.com/articles/boneres20149
--------------
Racial Disparity in Fracture Risk between White and Nonwhite Children in the United States
http://www-hsc.usc.edu/~wren/Reprints/Wren%20epub%202012%20-%20racial%20disparity%20in%20fracture%20risk.pdf
------------
Racial Differences in the Association of Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat on Bone Mineral Content in Prepubertal Children
https://goranlab.com/pdf/160.pdf
---------
Bone mineral density by age, gender, pubertal stages, and socioeconomic status in healthy Lebanese children and adolescents
https://website.aub.edu.lb/fm/cmop/publications/48.pdf
-----------
Association Between Linear Growth and Bone Accrual in a Diverse Cohort of Children and Adolescents
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2633492
-----------
Bone Mineral Density of Healthy Turkish Children and Adolescents
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1094695006000023
-----------
Low Bone Mineral Content and Challenges in Interpretation of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Children With Mucopolysaccharidosis Types I, II, and VI
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1094695013000413
------------
Quantitative Computed Tomography Reveals the Effects of Race and Sex on Bone Size and Trabecular and Cortical Bone Density
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1094695009001383
--------------
Is birth weight related to ethnicity?
New research on average newborn birth weight and family ethnicity finds that one size does not fit all.
https://www.todaysparent.com/baby/birth-weight-and-ethnicity/
------------
At the Ivies, Asians are the new Jews
http://www.aei.org/publication/at-the-ivies-asians-are-the-new-jews/
-------------
Asians are treated differently based on their weight, study says
https://kuow.org/stories/asians-are-treated-differently-based-their-weight-study-says/
--------------
Do Asians Smell?
http://www.8asians.com/2014/11/20/do-asians-smell/
----------------------
21 Annoying Comments Filipinos Are Tired Of Hearing
https://www.buzzfeed.com/mattortile/hay-nako
----------------
17 Annoying Comments Southeast Asians Are Tired Of Hearing
https://www.buzzfeed.com/isabellelaureta/we-dont-eat-dogs?bfsource=relatedauto
------------
There’s No Scientific Basis for Race—It's a Made-Up Label
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/race-genetics-science-africa/
{We disagree with certain parts of this specific version of the out of Africa theory}.
------------------
Did Modern Jews Originate in Italy?
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/10/did-modern-jews-originate-italy
----------
Ashkenazi Jewish women descended mostly from Italian converts, new study asserts
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2013/10/08/ashkenazi-jewish-women-descended-mostly-from-italian-converts-new-study-asserts/
----------
KHAZARIAN BRACHYCEPHALIC CRANIOMETRY, HOMO CAPENSIS, MARS, THE ILLUMINATI, JESUITS AND THE JEWS !
https://steemit.com/khazaria/@infodude/khazarian-brachycephalic-craniometry-homo-capensis-mars-the-illuminati-jesuits-and-the-jews
-------------
“Funny, You Don’t Look Jewish”
https://www.myjewishlearning.com/southern-and-jewish/funny-dont-look-jewish/
-----------
The climate your ancestors came from shaped your nose
https://bigthink.com/philip-perry/the-climate-your-ancestors-came-from-shaped-your-nose
-----------
Stereotypes of a Jew Face
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotypes_of_Jews#Jewface
------------
A Bridge Too Far: The story of my big Jewish nose
http://www.calgaryherald.com/health/Bridge+story+Jewish+nose/10115589/story.html
-----------
"A glance at the nose": Freud's Inscrption of Jewish Difference
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26304065?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
-----------
How To Tell A Jew
https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/story3.htm
-------------
Back to old habits, Malaysia's Mahathir calls Jews 'hook-nosed'
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-mahathir-jews/back-to-old-habits-malaysias-mahathir-calls-jews-hook-nosed-idUSKCN1MC15T
------------
What are you looking at? A 'Jewish' face (whatever that means) is more complicated than you think
https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/what-are-you-looking-at-a-jewish-face-whatever-that-means-is-more-complicated-than-you-think-8375907.html
-----------
A ‘shameful’ schnoz
https://haam.org/2016/01/03/a-shameful-schnoz/
-----------------------
Climate may have shaped the evolution of the human nose
https://www.popsci.com/climate-nose-shape-evolution
-------------
Scientists sniff out genes controlling human nose shapes
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/may/19/scientists-sniff-out-genes-controlling-human-nose-shapes
---------
How we found the genes that control nose shape – and what they say about us
http://theconversation.com/how-we-found-the-genes-that-control-nose-shape-and-what-they-say-about-us-59837
---------
Jewish nose
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_nose
--------
Jewish Nose
https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Jewish%20nose
------
How I Learned to Love My Big, “Jewish” Nose—And, By Extension, My Religion
https://www.flare.com/news/jewish-nose-job/
--------
How Your Nose Grows With Age
https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-your-nose-grows-with-age-2223746
----------
The "Jewish Nose" and Plastic Surgery: Origins and Implications
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1844290
-----------
Radical Beauty: The “Jewish” Nose
https://stories.thejewishmuseum.org/radical-beauty-the-jewish-nose-443a37b6e30b
-----------
How a Shy Jewish Boy’s Nose Issues Gave America Rudolf for Christmas
https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-a-shy-jewish-boys-nose-issues-gave-america-rudolf-for-christmas
-----------
British Labor activist suspended for saying Jews have ‘big noses’
https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/British-Labour-activist-suspended-for-saying-Jews-have-big-noses-448076
------------
Discover ideas about Greek Nose
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/92675704810373972/
-------------
Where do these common Jewish stereotypes (being greedy, big noses, etc) originate from?
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8zo3w4/where_do_these_common_jewish_stereotypes_being/
-------------
Nose Jobs Have Declined 43% Since 2000. We Sniffed Out Why.
https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/bjyw3w/nose-jobs-have-declined-43-since-2000-we-sniffed-out-why
---------------
Jewish genetic origins in the context of past historical and anthropological inquiries
https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1041&context=humbiol_preprints
------------------------------
Race - The power of illusion
If you go back to the record books, you find many prominent Jewish basketball players in the 1940s. You go to the 1910s, 1920s, in both America and in London there were many prominent Jewish boxers. Where are the great Jewish boxers today? I mean it, it almost sounds like a contradiction in terms, "great Jewish boxer." Where are the Jewish boxers today? Well, they're in medical school. That wasn't an option in the 1920s.
https://www.pbs.org/race/000_About/002_04-background-01-08.htm
{Many of these Khazarian Jews were actually also biologically white, and many also are
a mixed race as well}.
-------------
Why Only Jewish Boys Get To Keep Their Noses
https://forward.com/culture/342170/why-only-jewish-boys-get-to-keep-their-noses/
--------------
Reclaiming My Jewish Hawk-Nose
https://thoughtcatalog.com/kate-fridkis/2013/11/reclaiming-my-jewish-nose/
----------------
Nazi Racialization of the Jews
https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2015/05/08/nazi-racialization-of-the-jews/
----------------
Jews and their noses
http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/522_jews_and_their_noses.htm
---------------
Jew Face
http://jewface.us/
-----------------
Stereotypes of Jews
https://www.antisem.eu/stereotypes-of-jews/
---------------
The Jewfro Hairstyle for those cool Curly Men
https://www.manlycurls.com/2012/04/jewfro-curly-hairstyle-men-cool-stylish/
---------------
17 Struggles Every Girl With A Jewfro Has Endured Since Her Bat Mitzvah
https://www.elitedaily.com/women/struggles-jew-fro/733246
--------------
Jewfro
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Jewfro
---------------
15 Jewfro Hairstyles For Men
https://www.menshairstylestoday.com/jewfro/
----------
{View The Dysgenics Investigation part 1 for more information on all of the genetic problems
in Jews, Muslims, Arabs, Africans and Orientals. DysgenicsInvestigation.Blogspot.com }
{View our website MonsantoInvestigation.com for more information on these subjects}.
------------
Racial IQ Differences among Transracial Adoptees: Fact or Artifact?
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/5/1/1/htm
---------------
World IQ Figures: A Complete Chart with Notes and Comments
https://www.darkmoon.me/2012/world-iq-figures-a-complete-chart-with-notes-and-comments/
--------------
The high heritability of educational achievement reflects many genetically influenced traits, not just intelligence
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/42/15273.full.pdf
----------------
The principle of aggregation in psychobiological correlational research: An example from the open-field test
https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/BF03208007
----------
Visual Puzzles, Figure Weights, and Cancellation: Some Preliminary Hypotheses on the Functional and Neural Substrates of These Three New WAIS-IV Subtests
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263563/
----------
Racial IQ Differences among Transracial Adoptees: Fact or Artifact?
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/5/1/1/htm
----------
What IQ Tests Test
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.110.9895&rep=rep1&type=pdf
-----------
HVGIQ: The Bahamas
http://humanvarieties.org/2013/03/12/hvgiq-the-bahamas/
------------
HVGIQ: Bermuda
http://humanvarieties.org/2013/05/03/hvgiq-bermuda/
---------
Long-term effects of early kwashiorkor compared with marasmus. II. Intellectual performance.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3119812
----------
Relation of Kwashiorkor in Early Childhood and Intelligence at School Age
https://www.nature.com/articles/pr1971371.pdf?origin=ppub
-----------
Survey of Adult Skills: Spain
http://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/Country%20note%20-%20Spain.pdf
-------
Education at a Glance: 2014
Spain About one in three adults in Spain hastertiary education, but nearly one in two has not finished the fourth level of Educación Secundaria.
https://www.oecd.org/education/Spain-EAG2014-Country-Note.pdf
--------
Racial IQ Differences among Transracial Adoptees: Fact or Artifact?
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/5/1/1/htm
---------
Independent Reading and School Achievement
http://www.ala.org/aasl/sites/ala.org.aasl/files/content/aaslpubsandjournals/slr/vol3/SLMR_IndependentReading_V3.pdf
----------
Visual Puzzles, Figure Weights, and Cancellation: Some Preliminary Hypotheses on the Functional and Neural Substrates of These Three New WAIS-IV Subtests
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263563/
---------
Neuropsychological Outcomes at Mid-Life Following Moderate to Severe Malnutrition in Infancy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4131534/
-----------
Individual Differences, Intelligence, and Behavior Analysis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2529190/
--------
Sex Differences in Brain Gray and White Matter in Healthy Young Adults: Correlations with Cognitive Performance
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/19/10/4065
----------
Brain white matter tract integrity as a neural foundation for general intelligence
https://www.nature.com/articles/mp201266?foxtrotcallback=true
--------
Cortical glucose metabolic rate correlates of abstract reasoning and attention studied with positron emission tomography
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160289688900165
-------------
Relationships between IQ and Regional Cortical Gray Matter Thickness in Healthy Adults
https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/17/9/2163/272753
--------------
Meta-analysis of associations between human brain volume and intelligence differences: How strong are they and what do they mean?
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014976341500250X?via%3Dihub
---------------
The Relationship Between Motor Coordination and Intelligence Across the IQ Range
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/130/4/e950.1?sso=1&sso_redirect_count=1&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token
----------
The Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT) of intelligence: converging neuro imaging evidence.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17655784
--------------
Distributed neural system for general intelligence revealed by lesion mapping.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176936
-------------
An integrative architecture for general intelligence and executive function revealed by lesion mapping
https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/135/4/1154/358258
-------------
Gray matter correlates of fluid, crystallized, and spatial intelligence: Testing the P-FIT model
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289608000925
--------------
Why China has a higher average IQ than India?
https://www.quora.com/Why-China-has-a-higher-average-iq-than-India
--------------
{Indian people are also very smart, many Indian people have high levels of British DNA}.
--------------
{If you would look at Africa as one country, they are actually over 1 billion people,
that is pretty close to the population in India and China. Many say that China, India
and Africa are overpopulated, then they try to illegally immigrate to first world
white nations. We need to ship the majority of Africans back to Africa, many Hispanics to Africa, Arabs to the Middle East and many Orientals back to East Asia.
At one point in history America had plans to ship Africans back to Africa and
Orientals back to Asia, but then they ran into too many types of politically correct people that
would eventually slowly ruin America. We cannot allow these Africans to flood Europe,
Europe is already overpopulated with too many immigrants as well, we should deport
many of the Gypsies in Europe out as well.
The current population of Africa is around
1,307,998,736 as of Sunday, February 17, 2019.
We must remove these African invaders out of Europe, we are calling all Europeans
to remove these African and Muslim invaders out of Europe by any means necessary, even
if it means war and removing these groups by force}.
-------------------
IQ Gains Over Time, by world region
https://ourworldindata.org/intelligence
---------------
IQ Map Of The World
http://bartosandrini.com/iq-map-of-the-world.asp
----------------
----------------
Chapter 2: Primates: Evolution and De-evolution
----------------
----------------
How Smart Are Planet's Apes? 7 Intelligence Milestones
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/08/pictures/110805-rise-planet-apes-movie-science-chimps-gorillas-tools/
-----------------
Koko: Gorilla who mastered sign language dies in California
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44559261
------------------
{I mean come on, the Monkey can learn sign language, many black African bushmen cannot barely even do that}.
----------------
Picture: Race and IQ world Map Cartoon
https://img.memecdn.com/world-iq-map_o_1316713.jpg
-------------------
The Reason Some Hyperlocal Languages Survive
Uncommon tongues are more likely to last when young people are actively speaking them.
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/02/why-some-tiny-hyperlocal-languages-survive/582367/
---------------
Koko (gorilla)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_(gorilla)
----------------
Using human standards, what would be the approximate IQ of a chimpanzee?
https://www.quora.com/Using-human-standards-what-would-be-the-approximate-IQ-of-a-chimpanzee
----------------
What Are the Smartest Primates?
The battle for IQ amongst our primate relatives.
The Hierarchy of Primate Intelligence
- Human
- Orangutan
- Chimpanzee
- Spider monkey
- Gorilla
- Surili
- Macaque
- Mandrill
- Guenon
- Mangabey
- Capuchin
http://discovermagazine.com/2006/nov/primate-iq-hierarchy
-----------------
Monkey ‘IQ test’ hints at intelligent human ancestor
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17318-monkey-iq-test-hints-at-intelligent-human-ancestor/-------------------
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Intelligence is Heritable
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4108509/--------------------
Animal IQs
Dogs
are smarter than cats, according to new research, but how do other
species’ IQs match up against each other? The Daily Beast pits dolphins
vs. chimps, pigs vs. dogs, and more.
https://www.thedailybeast.com/animal-iqs
-------------------
Here's How a Chimp Is Smarter Than You
Chimps
recently figured out a computer game more quickly than humans. It may
be because they're so familiar with navigating basic win-lose dynamics.
https://psmag.com/environment/chimps-smart-82875
------------------
Apes can think far more like humans than we thought, study finds
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/apes-theory-of-mind-humans-thinking-understanding-knowledge-wrong-why-a7348846.html
-----------------
Why Google 'Thought' This Black Woman Was a Gorilla
https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/deep-problem-deep-learning
------------------
Humans aren't monkeys. We aren't apes, either.
http://johnhawks.net/weblog/topics/phylogeny/taxonomy/humans-arent-apes-2012.html
------------------
Are Africans, Europeans, and Asians Different “Races”? A Guided-Inquiry Lab for Introducing Undergraduate Students to Genetic Diversity and Preparing Them to Study Natural Selection
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3366900/
------------------
Health and Behavior Risks of Adolescents with Mixed-Race Identity
Conclusions. Adolescents who self-identify as more than 1 race are at higher health and behavior risks. The findings are compatible with interpreting the elevated risk of mixed race as associated with stress.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1448064/
-------------------
Primate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate
-------------------
Ascent of Man image should be ‘the other way around’, leading expert in human evolution says
‘Chimpanzees and humans are both descended from something more like living humans than living chimpanzees – however uncomfortable that may be to us’
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/ascent-of-man-human-evolution-apes-chimpanzees-lucy-australopithecus-robin-crompton-a7230371.html
The idea that humans evolved from a knuckle-dragging ape, leaving chimpanzees in the Darwinian dust, was crystallised in the famous ‘ascent of man’ image.
But ongoing research on a 3.7-million-year-old fossilised skeleton of an early type of human could prove the orderly procession is actually the wrong way round, according to a leading expert.
Speaking at the British Science Festival in Swansea, Professor Robin Crompton argued that humans, apes and chimpanzees all evolved from a common ancestor who walked upright and lived in the trees.
So it was the chimps who changed their body shape to allow them to move at high speed on all four limbs, while humans carried on using two.
And upright walking did not evolve after humans descended from the trees and started to move around on the open savannah, but millions of years before this.
{We agree with this theory more than the theory of how humans evolved from a small monkey}.
----------------------
Human and ape: the legend, the history and the DNA
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2464272/
----------------------
Are the monkeys and pigs that exist nowadays humans who have been transformed?
https://islamqa.info/en/answers/14085/are-the-monkeys-and-pigs-that-exist-nowadays-humans-who-have-been-transformed
------------------------
Becoming human – hominins
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2323-becoming-human-hominins
-----------------------
Skull of Homo erectus throws story of human evolution into disarray
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/oct/17/skull-homo-erectus-human-evolution
------------------------
"black people are closer to APES!" says Darwinism!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mA4aQnVNM9A
------------------------
The last common ancestor of humans and chimps probably wasn’t much like either
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/last-common-ancestor-humans-and-chimps-probably-wasn%E2%80%99t-much-either
------------------------
Studies Expose 'Apelike' Stereotype Among Whites
The notion that people of African descent are somehow apelike is stubbornly stuck in white Americans' subconscious, according to a series of six studies.
https://psmag.com/social-justice/studies-expose-apelike-stereotype-among-whites-20708
------------------
Things White People Love: Comparing Black People to Monkeys
http://drugmonkey.scientopia.org/2010/02/26/things-white-people-love-comparing-black-people-to-monkeys/
--------------------
It is always racist to say that a black person looks like a monkey.
https://www.reddit.com/r/ExplainBothSides/comments/8ni4lt/it_is_always_racist_to_say_that_a_black_person/
-----------------------
Scientists Have Found the Oldest Known Human Fossils
The 300,000-year-old bones and stone tools were discovered in a surprising place—and could revise the history of our species.
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/the-oldest-known-human-fossils-have-been-found-in-an-unusual-place/529452/
------------------
Elephants Have The Most Neurons. Why Aren't They The Smartest Animals?
https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/09/12/elephants-have-the-most-neurons-why-arent-they-the-smartest-animals/#766db4de6afb
-------------
The Alt-Right Literally Sees Minorities As Ape-Like
To them, non-white people aren't human -- they're animals.
https://www.inverse.com/article/35608-alt-right-sees-minorities-like-apes
---------------
Murder rate is double the world average
http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20111121/NEWS03/711219957
------------------
The Coon Caricature: Blacks as Monkeys
https://www.historyonthenet.com/authentichistory/diversity/african/3-coon/6-monkey/
----------------
How Science and Genetics are Reshaping the Race Debate of the 21st Century
http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/science-genetics-reshaping-race-debate-21st-century/
--------------------
Are Negros Closer to Apes Than to Humans?
Are these facts in the museum:
The negro skull, in addition to having a smaller brain volume and thicker cranial bones than that of the White, is prognathous ; i.e., the lower face projects forward in the manner of an animal's muzzle. The negro jaw is substantially longer, relative to its width, than the White jaw. A feature of the negro lower jaw is its retention of a vestige of the "simian shelf," a bony region immediately behind the incisors. The simian shelf is a distinguishing characteristic of apes, and it is absent in Whites.
They emit a peculiar offensive body odor similar to apes.
Just as their black skin protected them from the intense African sun, they are inherently lazy in order to prevent over exertion in that intense sun.
The arms and legs of the negro are relatively longer than the European. The humerus is shorter and the forearm longer thereby approximating the ape form.
The eye often has a yellowish scierotic coat over it like that of a gorilla.
The negro has a shorter trunk; the cross-section of the chest is more circular than Whites. Similar to an ape.
The pelvis is narrower and longer as it is in an ape.
The negro has a larger and shorter neck akin to that of apes.
The ears are roundish, rather small, standing somewhat high and detached thus approaching the ape form.
The jaw is larger and stronger and protrudes outward which, along with lower retreating forehead, gives a facial angle of 68 to 70 degrees, like an ape, as opposed to a facial angle of 80 to 82 degrees for Europeans.
The three curvatures of the spine are less pronounced in the negro than in the white and thus more characteristic of an ape.
The two bones proper of the nose are occasionally united, as in apes.
Taxonomists and geneticists believe that Negros should be classified as different species. In fact, Darwin declared in The Descent of Man that the Negros are so distinct that similar differences found in any other animal would warrant their classification as a different species.
References:
Coon, Carleton S. The Origin of Races, 1962, Alfred A. Knopf
Howells, William. Mankind So Far, Doubleday, Garden City, NY
Weisman, Charles A. The Origins of Race and Civilization, 1990
https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/jimcrow/letters/2012/apes.htm
{We should classify Negros as their own race and stop these black men from dating white women and having children. Either that or we regulate population and race, and we should have mulatto people and different types of mixed raced couples living separate from white areas, we should have these ethnic groups live in Africa, the Middle East or South America}.
--------------------
Cryptid Profile - De Loys' Ape
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIt6uJdrqRQ
Ameranthropoides loysi was a South American primate that George
Montandon claimed to be the missing link. Montandon claimed that
this primate was the ancestor to the brown Native Americans.
Montandon promoted the Hologenesis hypothesis. The Hologenesis hypothesis
claimed that different racial groups of 'humans' did not all share the same
common ancestry, but all convergently evolved independently from different
primate species. The white race evolving from early fossil Homo sapiens,
the African race evolved from some type of primate or gorilla, and
Asians evolving from some type of orangutan found over
in Asia.
We do not agree 100% with the announcer's opinion in this video.
--------------------
Comparing Black People to Apes: It’s Worse Than You Thought
https://www.theroot.com/comparing-black-people-to-apes-it-s-worse-than-you-tho-1790875821
----------------------
The health consequences of race mixing
https://majorityrights.com/weblog/comments/the_health_consequences_of_race_mixing/
---------------------
5 Reasons Haiti Is Indeed A Shithole Country
http://www.returnofkings.com/148787/5-reasons-haiti-is-indeed-a-shithole-country
Can anyone guess why Haiti is a Shithole country?
----------------------
Irony free negro assures us it’s pointless to study race and IQ
https://diversitymachtfrei.wordpress.com/2018/02/03/irony-free-negro-assures-us-its-pointless-to-study-race-and-iq/
--------------------
Mixed race regression to the mean
https://disenchantedscholar.wordpress.com/2017/06/14/mixed-race-regression-to-the-mean/
-------------------
The Dangers of White Blacks: mulatto culture, class, and eugenic beauty in the post-emancipation (USA, 1900-1920)
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0102-01882015000100155&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
-------------------
Are humans, apes, monkeys, primates, or hominoids?
https://evolvingthoughts.net/2012/03/19/are-humans-apes-monkeys-primates-or-hominims/
------------------
Differential Contribution of Low- and High-level Image Content to Eye Movements in Monkeys and Humans
https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/27/1/279/2888455
------------------
DISEASES TRANSMISSIBLE FROM MONKEYS TO MAN
And Vice Versa
https://www.2ndchance.info/mnky2man.htm
-----------------
Monkey malaria causes human infections in Brazil
https://blogs.biomedcentral.com/bugbitten/2017/11/03/monkey-malaria-causes-human-infections-brazil/
------------------
Vervet Monkey – Genetically similar to Humans, Exploited and Threatened
https://www.nikela.org/12344-2/
-------------------
Almost Human, and Almost Smarter
https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/17/science/17chimp.html?mtrref=undefine
-------------------
Researchers clone 2 healthy monkeys -- are humans next?
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/researchers-use-cloning-method-to-create-two-healthy-monkeys/
------------------
Eight Striking Similarities between Humans and Chimpanzees
https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/eight-striking-similarities-between-humans-and-chimpanzees/
------------------
Strongest Evidence of Animal Culture Seen in Monkeys and Whales
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/04/strongest-evidence-animal-culture-seen-monkeys-and-whales
-------------------
It was said that humans evolved from fish. Can any one explain ??
https://www.researchgate.net/post/It_was_said_that_humans_evolved_from_fish_Can_any_one_explain
------------------
MISSING LINK between HUMANS and MONKEYS FOUND
Scientists claim to have identified the missing link between human speech and monkey chatter.
https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/04/09/talking_monkeys/
-----------------
Artificial intelligence used to decode rodent chitchat
Rodents change their vocalisations depending on their mood and who they're speaking to.
https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/artificial-intelligence-used-to-decode-rodent-chitchat/
------------------
Poll: Most whites say blacks are lazier or less intelligent than whites (3 graphs)
https://religionnews.com/2014/12/08/poll-whites-say-blacks-lazier-less-intelligent-whites-3-graphs/
------------
A Bold New Theory Proposes That Humans Tamed Themselves
A leading anthropologist suggests that protohumans became domesticated by killing off violent males.
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/03/how-humans-tamed-themselves/580447/
{The government wants to also kill off many different whites as well currently, and say that white men are violent for trying to save and preserve their own race}.
-----------------------------
The Dangerous Delusion of the Big, Scary Black Man
New research shows black men are seen as larger, stronger, and more threatening than similarly built whites.
https://psmag.com/news/the-dangerous-delusion-of-the-big-scary-black-man
{This is because blacks are way more likely to rob people and act very crude in the ghetto to many people, the same goes with Mexicans}.
-------------
Race differences in average IQ are largely genetic
https://www.news-medical.net/news/2005/04/26/Race-differences-in-average-IQ-are-largely-genetic.aspx
------------
Gorilla genome offers insights into great ape and human evolution
http://www.washington.edu/news/2012/03/07/gorilla-genome-offers-insights-into-great-ape-and-human-evolution/
---------------
Gorilla Ape primate wildlife
https://pixabay.com/en/gorilla-ape-primate-wildlife-1724268/
---------------
10 of the best places to see gorillas
1. Nigeria
2. Cameroon
3. Equatorial Guinea
4. Gabon
5. Angola
6. Congo
7. Central African Republic
8. Rwanda
9. Uganda
10. Democratic Republic of Congo
https://www.wanderlust.co.uk/content/10-of-the-best-places-to-see-gorillas/
{Some question if different primates and black people could be a devolutionary product of a type of Younger Dryas event, or a catastrophic event that occurred on the planet}.
---------------
{What about Carbon Dating? Carbon Dating has proven to be wrong}.
----------------
{If we have aliens that created these beings and sent them to Earth, then who created the aliens?
Do you think beings on Earth evolved from bacteria evolving, or that they put humanoids
and other animals on the earth that can evolve and devolve.
Could Gorillas be a product of different types of humanoids that were once smarter?
Theory: Could giant humanoids have devolved into smaller primates when a type of Younger Dryas event occurred? Just as we see how many dinosaurs and animals were bigger prehistorically, many say that we also had bigger humanoids or bigger humans and giants as many religions also speak of. Even the Nazis believed that there could be a legendary long lost people of superior Aryans that were on average around 8 feet tall or even bigger}.
----------
Homininae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae
--------------
Homo rudolfensis
http://www.enzimuseum.org/the-stone-age/stone-age-ancestors/homo-rudolfensis
--------------
Gorilla
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorilla
Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Sub-Saharan Africa. The genus Gorilla is divided into two species: the eastern gorillas and the western gorillas (both critically endangered), and either four or five subspecies. They are the largest living primates. The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans, from 95 to 99% depending on what is included, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after the chimpanzees and bonobos.
Gorillas' natural habitats cover tropical or subtropical forests in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although their range covers a small percentage of Sub-Saharan Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations.
------------
{Some claim that humans continue to get stronger and faster, is this because of evolution, medicine, diet, technology, training or many different factors. However, we cannot claim that older humanoids may have been much stronger or faster. Look at how a monkey can jump higher vertically than a human, and maybe currently that blacks can jump higher than other races and why blacks are good basketball players. I think just just because a monkey can jump higher does not mean we should try and reproduce with a monkey}.
--------------------
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans
There is evidence for interbreeding between archaic and modern humans during the Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic. The interbreeding happened in several independent events that included Neanderthals, Denisovans, as well as several unidentified hominins.
In Eurasia, interbreeding between Neanderthals and Denisovans with modern humans took place several times. The introgression events into modern humans is estimated to have happened about 47,000–65,000 years ago with Neanderthals and about 44,000–54,000 years ago with Denisovans. Neanderthal-derived DNA was found in the genome of contemporary populations in Europe and Asia. It accounted for 1–4% of modern genomes, although estimates may vary. Neanderthal-derived ancestry is absent from most modern populations in sub-Saharan Africa, while Denisovan-derived ancestry is absent from modern populations in Western Eurasia and Africa. However, in Africa, archaic alleles consistent with several independent admixture events in the subcontinent have been found. It is currently unknown who these archaic African hominins were, but Homo erectus is considered a possibility.
The highest rates of Denisovan admixture has been found in Oceanian and certain Southeast Asian populations, with an estimated 4–6% of the genome of modern Melanesians being derived from Denisovans for example. In addition, Denisovan-derived ancestry has been found in very low trace amounts in mainland Asia, with a relative elevated Denisovan ancestry in South Asian populations. For Neanderthal admixture, the highest rates have been documented in East Asians.
Although the narratives of human evolution are often contentious, DNA evidence shows that human evolution should not be seen as a simple linear or branched progression, but a mix of related species. In fact, genomic research has shown that hybridization between substantially diverged lineages is the rule, not the exception, in human evolution. Furthermore, it is argued that hybridization was an essential driving force in the emergence of modern humans.
---------
We have still not found the link between us and the apes
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170517-we-have-still-not-found-the-missing-link-between-us-and-apes
---------
5 Weird Directions Human Evolution Could Have Taken
5: Lizard People
4: Hobbits (Seriously)
3: Neanderthal Super soldiers
2: The Denisovan Love Machines
1: Super intelligent Alien People
http://www.cracked.com/article_20078_5-weird-directions-human-evolution-could-have-taken.html
----------
Why Haven't All Primates Evolved into Humans?
https://www.livescience.com/32503-why-havent-all-primates-evolved-into-humans.html
---------
Are humans really descended from apes?
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/humans-descended-from-apes.htm
----------
Early Humans: Meet the Ancestors
https://www.slideserve.com/nhung/early-humans-meet-the-ancestors
----------
Not all great apes were swingers
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6691-not-all-great-apes-were-swingers/
-----------
Homo Heidelbergensis
https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/homo_heidelbergensis.htm
------------
Neanderthal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal
-------------
Early Humans Mated With Inbred Neanderthals — at a Cost
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/early-humans-mated-inbred-neanderthals-a-cost.htm
-------------
Offspring of Neanderthal and Denisovan identified for first time
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/aug/22/offspring-of-neanderthal-and-denisovan-identified-for-first-time
--------------
Humans mated with Neanderthals much earlier and more frequently than thought
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/02/humans-mated-neandertals-much-earlier-and-more-frequently-thought
--------------
Our prehistoric ancestors all mated with one another
https://qz.com/1367826/our-prehistoric-ancestors-all-mated-with-one-another/
---------------
Melanesians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanesians
------------
Chororapithecus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chororapithecus
-------------
Proconsulidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proconsulidae
-------------
Transitional_fossil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_fossil
--------------
Ambulocetus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulocetus
-------------
Samburupithecus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samburupithecus
--------------
Miocene
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene
---------------
Sivapithecus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivapithecus
----------------
Map Comparing Range of Hominoid Apes During Middle and Late Stages of the Miocene Epoch
http://evolution-involution.org/hominoid_radiation_map.html
----------------
The hominoid radiation in Asia
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281650426_The_hominoid_radiation_in_Asia
----------------
A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade
https://www.pnas.org/content/106/24/9601
-----------------
When did apes start walking upright? 12.3 million-year-old hip bone fossil from ancient ancestor may rewrite our evolutionary tree
The fossil is from an ancestor of the orangutan called Sivapithecus indicus
This early ape lived in what is now Pakistan around 12.3 million years ago
Scientists believed a common ape ancestor was the first to walk upright
All apes - gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans - have the same body plan
The new fossil shows Sivaptihecus had a body more similar to a monkey
This suggests that the upright ape body plan may have evolved twice
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2939552/When-did-apes-start-walking-upright-12-3million-year-old-hip-bone-fossil-ancient-ancestor-rewrite-evolutionary-tree.html
----------------
Frugivore
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frugivore
----------------
An Exploration of Our Hominoid - Hominid Evolution
http://evolution-involution.org/hominoid_radiation.html
-----------------
What was the natural habitat of the Sivapithecus sivalensis in Ancient Pakistan?
https://www.quora.com/What-was-the-natural-habitat-of-the-Sivapithecus-sivalensis-in-Ancient-Pakistan
-----------------
Image Gallery: sivapithecus indicus
http://keywordsuggest.org/gallery/722465.html
{Can certain species evolve and certain species devolve and regress}?
---------------
Pierolapithecus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierolapithecus
----------------
The dark side of Pierolapithecus
The discovery of a new fossil hominid in a small town in Barcelona in 2002, specifically in a dump, spread worldwide. Boosted by its publication in Science, Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, popularly known as Pau, has played a leading role in the research on the origin of the hominid family for almost a decade. But after more than 20 high-level publications featuring this fossil ape, a new article still reveals characteristics of its anatomy, which confirm Pierolapithecus as one of the earliest hominids ever known.
http://www.icp.cat/index.php/en/press-room/noticies-icp/item/996-the-dark-side-of-pierolapithecus
-------
The father of all men is 340,000 years old
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23240-the-father-of-all-men-is-340000-years-old/
{Some question if this theory is 100% correct}.
----------
Human Evolution
https://www.britannica.com/science/human-evolution
-------------
New look at archaic DNA rewrites human evolution story
Contradicts convention on Denisovans, Neanderthals, modern humans
2017
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170807155158.htm
---------------
Evolution of modern humans
https://www.yourgenome.org/stories/evolution-of-modern-humans
--------------
Overview of Hominin Evolution
How did humans evolve into the big-brained, bipedal ape that we are today? This article examines the fossil evidence of our 6 million year evolution.
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/overview-of-hominin-evolution-89010983
--------------
Studies of hominid fossils, like 4.4-million-year-old “Ardi,” are changing ideas about human origins
2010
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-human-familys-earliest-ancestors-7372974/
--------------
Earliest Evidence of Our Human Ancestors Outside of Africa Found
2018
https://www.livescience.com/63033-earliest-hominin-china.html
------------------
Did Africa’s Apes Come From Europe?
Fossil evidence hints that the common ancestor of gorillas, chimpanzees and humans evolved in Europe.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-africas-apes-come-from-europe-113890377/
----------------
European researchers claim earliest humans evolved in Europe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Xe5CWlc0QQ
------------------
European fossils may belong to earliest known hominid
Graecopithecus’ teeth suggest it was part of the human evolutionary family, researchers argue
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/european-fossils-may-belong-earliest-known-hominid
Europe, not Africa, might have spawned the first members of the human evolutionary family around 7 million years ago, researchers say.
Tooth characteristics of a chimpanzee-sized primate that once lived in southeastern Europe suggest that the primate, known as Graecopithecus, may have been a hominid, not an ape as many researchers assume. One tooth in particular, the second lower premolar, is telling. It features two partially fused roots, a trait characteristic of early hominids but not ancient apes, a team led by geoscientist Jochen Fuss of the University of Tübingen in Germany reports May 22 in PLOS ONE.
Scientists suspect the first hominids appeared sometime between 8 million and 6 million years ago. New age estimates for previously discovered fossils position Graecopithecus as potentially the earliest known hominid,
----------------
Europe was the birthplace of mankind, not Africa, scientists find
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HF-nkzBUakM
----------------
Did humans evolve in Europe rather than Africa? We don't have the answer just yet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aChqawpyHSQ
-----------------
Bacteria found in Otzi the iceman could turn the Out of Africa theory on its head
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jukUwm85okw
-------------------
Original Australian's disprove Out Of Africa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2w-9mKOdIA
----------------------
Anatole Klyosov - The Out of Africa Myth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f66h_2dRcWs
----------------------
Out of Africa theory impossible Evolution Mutation or Grand Design?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NY-YaYgT-4
-----------------------
The Connection Between Whites and Asians? Genetics of the Sami, Ainu and Siberian Peoples
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXzqI1r11eg&t=6s
--------------------------
'Asian Eyes' Are More Common Than You Think
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxTnVWgOGLc
--------------------------
Who were the first humans if Adam and Eve are a myth?
https://www.quora.com/Who-were-the-first-humans-if-Adam-and-Eve-are-a-myth
------------------------------------------------------------
If Adam and Eve were the first humans what were their colors
https://www.quora.com/If-Adam-and-Eve-were-the-first-humans-what-were-their-colors
--------------------
Holocene extinction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_extinction
-----------------
Huronian glaciation
The Huronian glaciation (or Makganyene glaciation) was a glaciation that extended from 2.4 billion years ago (Gya) to 2.1 Gya, during the Siderian and Rhyacian periods of the Paleoproterozoic era. The Huronian glaciation followed the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE), a time when increased atmospheric oxygen decreased atmospheric methane. The oxygen combined with the methane to form carbon dioxide and water, which do not retain heat as well as methane does.It is the oldest and longest ice age, occurring at a time when only simple, unicellular life existed on Earth. This ice age led to a mass extinction on Earth.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huronian_glaciation
--------------------
Great Oxygenation Event
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Oxygenation_Event#Late_evolution_of_oxy-photosynthesis_theory
The Great Oxygenation Event, the beginning of which is commonly known in scientific media as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Crisis, Oxygen Holocaust, Oxygen Revolution, or Great Oxidation) was the biologically induced appearance of dioxygen (O2) in Earth's atmosphere. Geological, isotopic, and chemical evidence suggests a start of around 2.45 billion years ago (2.45 Ga), during the Siderian period, at the beginning of the Proterozoic eon. The causes of the event remain unclear. As of 2016, the geochemical and biomarker evidence for the development of oxygenic photosynthesis before the Great Oxidation Event is inconclusive.
--------
Azolla event - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azolla_event
---------
Arctic Azolla Event
http://theazollafoundation.org/azolla/the-arctic-azolla-event-2/
-------
{Azolla is an ancient fern, currently scientists are trying to genetically modify Azolla to take
carbon out of the atmosphere. Many have objected to this and say that the Azolla
could possibly spread across the planet}.
---------
ARCTIC DINOSAURS - NOVA - Discovery/Animals/Nature (documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIEPaREHJVs-------
DINOSAURS - Predatory monsters - Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEjpbwUGqiw
-------------------
The Story Of Earth And Life
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57merteLsBc---------
Life After Dinosaurs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7QSwAhMuUY
---------
{The following article is highly debated, it states the organisms breathing out carbon may have caused an imbalance in the atmosphere of the planet, along with other geothermal events. Some have said that this theory is anti-life, in order to call for a type of population control agenda. We can see that organisms survived as well, there may be little truth to this theory, as many different events could have compiled to create an imbalance in the atmosphere. The Earth is even able to correct an imbalance in the atmosphere over a period of time}.
--------
Evidence that Earth's first mass extinction was caused by critters not catastrophe
September 2, 2015
The earliest life on Earth consisted of microbes - various types of single-celled microorganisms. They ruled the Earth for more than 3 billion years. Then some of these microorganisms discovered how to capture the energy in sunlight. The photosynthetic process that they developed had a toxic byproduct: oxygen. Oxygen was poisonous to most microbes that had evolved in an oxygen-free environment, making it the world's first pollutant.
But for the microorganisms that developed methods for protecting themselves, oxygen served as a powerful new energy source. Among a number of other things, it gave them the added energy they needed to adopt multicellular forms. Thus, the Ediacarans arose about 600 million years ago during a warm period following a long interval of extensive glaciation.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2015-09-evidence-earth-mass-extinction-critters.html#jCp
-------------
How Did Earth’s Earliest Terraformers Survive? They Hid Under Rocks -
February 5, 2015
http://motherboard.vice.com/read/how-earths-earliest-terraformers-survived?
trk_source=recommended
---------------------
Population bottleneck
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_bottleneckA population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, or droughts) or human activities (such as genocide). Such events can reduce the variation in the gene pool of a population; thereafter, a smaller population, with a smaller genetic diversity, remains to pass on genes to future generations of offspring through sexual reproduction. Genetic diversity remains lower, increasing only when gene flow from another population occurs or very slowly increasing with time as random mutations occur.[1][self-published source] This results in a reduction in the robustness of the population and in its ability to adapt to and survive selecting environmental changes, such as climate change or a shift in available resources. Alternatively, if survivors of the bottleneck are the individuals with the greatest genetic fitness, the frequency of the fitter genes within the gene pool is increased, while the pool itself is reduced.
------------------
Genetic erosion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_erosion
Genetic erosion (also known as genetic depletion) is a process where the limited gene pool of an endangered species diminishes even more when reproductive individuals die off before reproducing low population. The term is sometimes used in a narrow sense, such as when describing the loss of particular alleles or genes, as well as being used more broadly, as when referring to the loss of a phenotype or whole species.
Genetic erosion occurs because each individual organism has many unique genes which get lost when it dies without getting a chance to breed. Low genetic diversity in a population of wild animals and plants leads to a further diminishing gene pool – inbreeding and a weakening immune system can then "fast-track" that species towards eventual extinction.
By definition, endangered species suffer varying degrees of genetic erosion. Many species benefit from a human-assisted breeding program to keep their population viable,[citation needed] thereby avoiding extinction over long time-frames. Small populations are more susceptible to genetic erosion than larger populations.
Genetic erosion gets compounded and accelerated by habitat loss and habitat fragmentation – many endangered species are threatened by habitat loss and (fragmentation) habitat. Fragmented habitat create barriers in gene flow between populations.
The gene pool of a species or a population is the complete set of unique alleles that would be found by inspecting the genetic material of every living member of that species or population. A large gene pool indicates extensive genetic diversity, which is associated with robust populations that can survive bouts of intense selection. Meanwhile, low genetic diversity (see inbreeding and population bottlenecks) can cause reduced biological fitness and increase the chance of extinction of that species or population.
Genetic erosion (also known as genetic depletion) is a process where the limited gene pool of an endangered species diminishes even more when reproductive individuals die off before reproducing low population. The term is sometimes used in a narrow sense, such as when describing the loss of particular alleles or genes, as well as being used more broadly, as when referring to the loss of a phenotype or whole species.
Genetic erosion occurs because each individual organism has many unique genes which get lost when it dies without getting a chance to breed. Low genetic diversity in a population of wild animals and plants leads to a further diminishing gene pool – inbreeding and a weakening immune system can then "fast-track" that species towards eventual extinction.
By definition, endangered species suffer varying degrees of genetic erosion. Many species benefit from a human-assisted breeding program to keep their population viable,[citation needed] thereby avoiding extinction over long time-frames. Small populations are more susceptible to genetic erosion than larger populations.
Genetic erosion gets compounded and accelerated by habitat loss and habitat fragmentation – many endangered species are threatened by habitat loss and (fragmentation) habitat. Fragmented habitat create barriers in gene flow between populations.
The gene pool of a species or a population is the complete set of unique alleles that would be found by inspecting the genetic material of every living member of that species or population. A large gene pool indicates extensive genetic diversity, which is associated with robust populations that can survive bouts of intense selection. Meanwhile, low genetic diversity (see inbreeding and population bottlenecks) can cause reduced biological fitness and increase the chance of extinction of that species or population.
Mutationism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MutationismMutationism is one of several alternatives to evolution by natural selection that have existed both before and after the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 book, On the Origin of Species. In the theory, mutation was the source of novelty, creating new forms and new species, potentially instantaneously, in sudden jumps. This was envisaged as driving evolution, which was thought to be limited by the supply of mutations.
-----------------
Crossbreed
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbreed-----------------
Hybrid (biology)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)-----------------
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans---------------
An Orangutan Learns to Fish
https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/orangutan-learns-fish
------------------
Apes' Simple Nests Are Feats of Engineering
https://www.livescience.com/19708-primates-build-sleeping-nests.html--------------------
Albino orangutan named 'Alba' after global appeal
https://phys.org/news/2017-05-albino-orangutan-alba-global-appeal.html
-------------------
The Middle Miocene Ape Pierolapithecus catalaunicus Exhibits Extant Great Ape-Like Morphometric Affinities on Its Patella: Inferences on Knee Function and Evolution
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0091944
--------------------
Earliest Great Ape Had Posture Like Humans, Fossils Suggest
https://www.livescience.com/29277-oldest-great-ape-had-human-posture.html
{If one of the earliest great apes had a posture like a human, then what type of
humanoid did great apes originate from? This is why many believe that extraterrestrials
created many of these humans and primates that we see. Many believe the extraterrestrials
that created these primates and different animals so that certain animals can create hybrid animal offspring with other animals.
Could monkeys have come from a similar humanoid from which humans are from}?
--------------------
Ruminant diets and the Miocene extinction of European great apes
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2010.0523
-----------------
David Reich: ‘Neanderthals were perhaps capable of many modern human behaviours’
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/apr/07/ever-evolving-story-humanity-david-reich-interview-neanderthals-denisovans-genome
------------
Dryopithecus, the tool-wielding ape
https://scienceblogs.com/laelaps/2009/03/31/dryopithecus-the-tool-weilding
--------------
Remains of ancient ape found in Spain
http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2004/nov/19/remains-of-ancient-ape-found-in-spain/
--------------
Yes, humans are still evolving. Here's how you can tell.
https://www.popsci.com/humans-are-still-evolving#page-2
{Many believe that the aliens that made humans created humans in order to evolve and even to de-evolve if living conditions are not proper}.
-----------
Why Did Humans Lose Their Fur?
We are the naked apes of the world, having shed most of our body hair long ago
{The traits of wolfmen would be a good example or a counter statement that humans may have had more hair many years ago, such as many claim that "cavemen" had more hair. Some say that this type of excessive hairy body is a dysgenic trait found in humans. Some claim that how if you were to isolate these "wolf people," that eventually you might have a new race of super hairy people.
If these groups kept on breeding for millions of years on the same island, we could even see how many people would inherit different dysgenic traits and become stunted in growth even.
Could it be possible that humans were their own species, then some humans have more genes
to grow body hair than other humans}.
-----
Extinct Primates: Chororapithecus, Pierolapithecus & Samburupithecus
https://study.com/academy/lesson/extinct-primates-chororapithecus-pierolapithecus-samburupithecus.html
--------------
{Some say that humans were created in "God's" Image, could our creators look similar to us?}.
----------------
{Could these giant Gigantopithecus beings could have once been part of a more intelligent class of primates?
Could a comet, solar or radiation event make different beings become biologically deformed?
Many claim that the government even finds certain giant humanoid fossils that they keep
hidden from the public. We also see how the government finds many human fossils of
red hair people that are very tall sometimes}.
--------------------
King Kong in Hong Kong: giant ape fossil was found in a 1930s apothecary
Gigantopithecus weighed half a tonne, perhaps stood more than three metres tall and was a strict vegetarian. Colin Barras finds out what we have learned about the great ape in the 80 years since a German scientist stumbled on the fossil in a Chinese medicine store in Hong Konghttps://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1975412/king-kong-hong-kong-how-giant-ape-fossil-was-found-1930s
----------------------
Gigantopithecus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantopithecus
Gigantopithecus is an extinct genus of ape that existed from perhaps nine million years to as recently as one hundred thousand years ago, at the same period as Homo erectus would have been dispersed, in what is now India, Vietnam, China and Indonesia placing Gigantopithecus in the same time frame and geographical location as several hominin species. The primate fossil record suggests that the species Gigantopithecus blacki were the largest known primates that ever lived, standing up to 3 m (9.8 ft) and weighing as much as 540–600 kg (1,190–1,320 lb), although some argue that it is more likely that they were much smaller, at roughly 1.8–2 m (5.9–6.6 ft) in height and 180–300 kg (400–660 lb) in weight.
{We can see that G. Blacki or an orangutan would resemble the closest thing to a Bigfoot type creature}.
------
Spectrum of human tails: A report of six cases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263034/
---------------------
Fossil Reveals What Last Common Ancestor of Humans and Apes Looked Liked
The 13-million-year-old infant skull may have resembled a baby gibbon
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fossil-reveals-what-last-common-ancestor-of-humans-and-apes-looked-liked/
---------------------
Humans are apes – ‘Great Apes’
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/science/human-evolution/humans-are-apes-great-apes/
-----------
Human evolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolution
-----------
{What if they have it all wrong about evolution, and that humans were put here by aliens}.
------------
Meet Australian Aborigines–They Make African Americans Look Like A Model Minority
www.unz.com/article/meet-australian-aborigines-they-make-african-americans-look-like-a-model-minority/
-----------------
Human Vestigiality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_vestigiality
Ear
The ears of a macaque monkey and most other monkeys have far more developed muscles than those of humans, and therefore have the capability to move their ears to better hear potential threats. Humans and other primates such as the orangutan and chimpanzee however have ear muscles that are minimally developed and non-functional, yet still large enough to be identifiable.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
{Why is it that many animals can hear better than humans and orangutans? Some even say that black people have may evolved out of the same land areas of Southeast Asia as orangutans}.
"Red apes of the forest: Orangutans, whose name means “people of the forest,” live in tropical and swamp forests on the Southeast Asian islands of Borneo and Sumatra. These shaggy red apes are the largest arboreal mammal and the only great ape found in Asia. The other great apes—gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos—are all native to Africa."
"Orangutans are great apes and are closely related to humans, having 97% of DNA in common."
-------------------------------
--------------------------------
Scientists analyze first ancient human DNA from Southeast Asia
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/180517142601.htm
-------------------
Unravelling the Genetic History of Negritos and Indigenous Populations of Southeast Asia
https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/7/5/1206/604030
-----------------
Modern humans were in Southeast Asia 20,000 years earlier than thought, ancient teeth reveal
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/08/modern-humans-were-southeast-asia-20000-years-earlier-thought-ancient-teeth-reveal
----------------
New Zealand Skeletons in the Cupboard Episode 1. The Red Heads
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2z6PlYiQSTs
--------------
Photos: Newfound Ancient Human Relative Discovered in Philippines
This new hominin is in the same genus as Homo sapiens. Its name is Homo luzonensis.
https://www.livescience.com/65194-photos-human-relative-homo-luzonensis.html
---------
Hominidea
https://es.slideshare.net/karlaguzmn/hominidea-12151664
{Use an online translator to read this text}.
------------------
{Natural catastrophes have occurred more than many millions of years ago, to just less than a hundred thousand years ago. Many natural disasters have caused species and animals to die off, many of these animals survived also as well. What kind of deformations and impacts do you think some of these animals may have taken}.
-----------------
Are we descended from Neanderthals?
https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/are-we-descended-from-neanderthals/
The Neanderthals lived in Europe and Asia from over 200,000 years ago until (in some areas) less than 30,000 years ago. If this question had been asked 20 years ago, the majority of experts would probably have answered yes, but new data and research have shown that our species Homo sapiens originated in Africa during the last 250,000 years from non-Neanderthal ancestors. Our species spread from Africa during the last 60,000 years, and apparently replaced other human lines such as the Neanderthals. How this replacement happened – through conflict or competition – is still unclear, as is what happened when populations of our species encountered the Neanderthals.
Although I regard Homo neanderthalensis as a separate species – based on their distinctive anatomy – the Neanderthals were clearly closely related to us. Thus, as may occur with other closely-related species, interbreeding might have happened. Then the question takes on a different meaning, at a much finer level of resolution. While we didn’t descend from the Neanderthals through an evolutionary transformation, if there was interbreeding, some of us today (particularly in Eurasia) might have Neanderthal-derived genes. However, my reading of the fossil and genetic data (the latter including some Neanderthal DNA) suggests that any Neanderthal contribution was vanishingly small. So I would still say that the answer, in any meaningful sense, is no.
-----------
Early Humans Probably Didn't Evolve from a Single Population in Africa
https://www.livescience.com/63058-humans-evolved-different-places-africa.html
-----------
Our closest ancient human relatives
Neanderthals were humans like us, but they were a distinct species called Homo neanderthalensis.
Together with an Asian people known as Denisovans, Neanderthals are our closest ancient human relatives. Scientific evidence suggests our two species shared a common ancestor.
Current evidence from both fossils and DNA suggests that Neanderthal and modern human lineages separated at least 500,000 years ago. Some genetic calibrations place their divergence at about 650,000 years ago.
Both dating issues and fossil anatomy mean that scientists are currently uncertain whether the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans was Homo heidelbergensis, Homo antecessor or another species.
Neanderthals lived alongside early modern humans for at least part of their existence. We now know that some encounters were very intimate - some of us have inherited around 2% Neanderthal DNA.
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/who-were-the-neanderthals.html
-----------
Brain Reconstructions Suggest Reasons for the Decline of Neanderthals
https://www.seeker.com/culture/neanderthals-may-have-gone-extinct-because-of-their-brain-morphology
--------------
Did humans have sex with Neanderthals?
https://www.rte.ie/eile/brainstorm/2018/0620/971779-did-humans-have-sex-with-neanderthals/
---------------
Our ancestors mated with the mystery ‘Denisovan’ people – twice
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2163910-our-ancestors-mated-with-the-mystery-denisovan-people-twice/
----------------
Why Neanderthals Had Faces That Were So Different From Ours
https://gizmodo.com/why-neanderthals-had-faces-that-were-so-different-from-1824288723
-----------------
Is Dryopithecus an ancient gorilla?
http://johnhawks.net/weblog/fossils/miocene/dryopithecus/begun-new-scientist-dryopithecus-gorilla-2015.html
------------------
Neanderthals were no brutes – research reveals they may have been precision workers
http://theconversation.com/neanderthals-were-no-brutes-research-reveals-they-may-have-been-precision-workers-103858
--------------------
{It appears that white Europeans lived closer to areas where Neanderthals lived. It appears that many Orientals lived closer to many Denisovan populations as well. One theory is that white people are actually not more Neanderthal than any other races of human, but that more white humans ended up breeding with some Neanderthals more than other humans. Some disagree and say that humans evolved from different hominids, and that humans were not created as we see them just as they are today. Some researchers claim that many humans avoided inbreeding by having aliens introduce new species of human and humanoids. Some also say that humans are their own species and that
we are a separate species from Neanderthals. The TV show Ancient Aliens claims that the reason why humans have some Neanderthal DNA is because humans share some of the same building blocks of DNA that could also be found in Neanderthals.
We must also take into account of newly found evidence of species that now continue to change the way many people think about the Denisovan and Neanderthal theory. We can also see many theories that question if humans are somehow related to Heidelbergensis, Graecopithecus, Australopithecus, Homo habilis and Homo erectus as well}.
-------------
Three new discoveries in a month rock our African origins
The evolutionary story of modern humans just got more complicated
https://medium.com/@johnhawks/the-story-of-modern-human-origins-just-got-more-complicated-9e435bea24f6
--------------------------------
Mum’s a Neanderthal, Dad’s a Denisovan: First discovery of an ancient-human hybrid
Genetic analysis uncovers a direct descendant of two different groups of early humans.
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06004-0
-----------------------------------
What we know about human evolution may soon be turned on its head
NEW discoveries hint humans did not evolve to trek out of Africa. That honour may belong to someone, or something, else.
https://www.news.com.au/technology/science/evolution/what-we-know-about-human-evolution-may-soon-be-turned-on-its-head/news-story/672a5ded74c07da283d292ab217425b1
---------------------------------
Humans may not be descended from Neanderthals after all say scientists as they find DNA similarities are not the result of interbreeding
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2188065/Humans-descended-Neanderthals-say-scientists-DNA-similarities-result-interbreeding.html
----------------------------------
Humanity’s Story Has No End of Surprising Twists
Recent discoveries, and new analyses of old evidence, are revolutionizing the way scientists look at human history.
https://www.sapiens.org/evolution/human-evolution-australia-asia/
----------------------------
The Invaders: How Humans and Their Dogs Drove Neanderthals to Extinction
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23502984-the-invaders
-----------------------------
Genetics Spills Secrets From Neanderthals’ Lost History
https://www.quantamagazine.org/genetics-spills-secrets-from-neanderthals-lost-history-20170918/
--------------------------
We may have mated with Neanderthals more than 219,000 years ago
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2139694-we-may-have-mated-with-neanderthals-more-than-219000-years-ago/
--------------------------------
Humans Didn't Outsmart Neanderthals, We Just Outlasted Them
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/humans-didnt-outsmart-neanderthals-just-outlasted-them.htm
-------------------------------------
Humans and Neanderthals had sex. But was it for love?
https://www.vox.com/2016/9/14/12887956/human-neanderthal-sex-love-genetics
--------------------------------
A Breed Apart
DNA Tests: Humans Not Descended from Neanderthals
http://cogweb.ucla.edu/Abstracts/Goodwin_00.html
----------------------------------
RETHINKING "OUT OF AFRICA"
https://www.edge.org/conversation/christopher_stringer-rethinking-out-of-africa
--------------------------------
Virus lurking inside banana genome has been destroyed with CRISPR
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2192461-virus-lurking-inside-banana-genome-has-been-destroyed-with-crispr/
---------------------
Mythconception: We share half our DNA with bananas
https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/interviews/mythconception-we-share-half-our-dna-bananas
----------
Our DNA is 99.9% the same as the person next to us — and we're surprisingly similar to a lot of other living things
https://www.businessinsider.com/comparing-genetic-similarity-between-humans-and-other-things-2016-5
-----------------------
You could have different ancestry than your biological siblings. How?
https://blog.helix.com/sibling-ancestry-dna-testing-kits/
------------------
Women seem to have younger brains than men the same age
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2192739-women-seem-to-have-younger-brains-than-men-the-same-age/
---------------------
Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) in Bananas Help Prevent Cancer
https://afcr.org.hk/en/tumour-necrosis-factor-tnf-in-bananas-help-prevent-cancer/
-------------------------
The deep roots of diabetes
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/140204_diabetes
---------------------
Modern Humans Still Evolving, and Faster Than Ever
https://www.npr.org/2013/09/27/226837803/modern-humans-still-evolving-and-faster-than-ever
----------------
What your earwax says about your ancestry
https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/gory-details/what-your-earwax-says-about-your-ancestry
----------------
Pills equipped with tiny needles can inject a body from the inside
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/pills-needles-injection-medication?tgt=more
-----------------
Chinese History: The White Tribes of Ancient China
https://owlcation.com/humanities/The-White-Tribes-of-Ancient-China
{One theory is that white people migrated to China and a race war happened, then
Oriental people tried to drive out all non-Orientals.
Another theory is that the ancient Chinese Emperor hired Greek architects to go to China to
build the Chinese pyramids and create many of the warrior statues we see. Some say that the ancient Chinese needed to bring in high IQ white Europeans to complete many of the pyramids, statues and structures in ancient China, because white western nations had different types of technology that was superior to China at the time}.
--------------------
Blue People of Kentucky: Why the Fugate Family Had Blue Skin
https://owlcation.com/humanities/Blue-People-in-Kentucky-A-True-Story-of-a-Family-with-Blue-Skin?utm_source=maven-coalition&utm_medium=hubpages&utm_campaign=liftigniter&utm_content=hp-related
{Many Silver Eaters have blue skin, look at how a simple change in diet can even alter the color of your skin}.
-------------------
From Smart Phones to Dumb People: Study Shows IQ Scores Declining Fast
https://www.thenewamerican.com/culture/item/29288-from-smart-phones-to-dumb-people-study-shows-iq-scores-declining-fast
----------
Ambiguous genitalia in rural Africa and the complexities of management: Which way forward?
http://www.bioline.org.br/request?js08009
----------------
Comparison of adult height between patients with XX and XY gonadal dysgenesis:support for a Y specific growth gene(s)
https://jmg.bmj.com/content/jmedgenet/29/8/539.full.pdf
----------------
If we evolved from Neanderthals, which evolved from monkeys, why are the monkeys still here but the Neanderthals aren't?
https://www.quora.com/If-we-evolved-from-Neanderthals-which-evolved-from-monkeys-why-are-the-monkeys-still-here-but-the-Neanderthals-arent
------------------
We Didn't Kill the Neanderthals, Climate Change Did, New Study Says
Analysis of stalagmites in caves shows extreme cold lasting a thousand years froze Europe around 40,000 years ago – just about when Neanderthals went extinct
https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/.premium.MAGAZINE-we-didn-t-kill-the-neanderthals-climate-change-did-new-stud-1.6414271
---------------------
Homo-adaptus? Homo Sapiens Prevailed Over Others Because He Went Boldly Where They Didn't
Early humans went boldly where their kissing cousins couldn’t, from mountain peak to deserts, and thrived, new paradigm suggests
---------------------
Homo Sapiens Prevailed Over Others Because He Went Boldly Where They Didn't
Early
humans went boldly where their kissing cousins couldn’t, from mountain
peak to deserts, and thrived, new paradigm suggests.
https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/MAGAZINE-new-human-evolution-theory-we-won-because-we-conquered-new-vistas-1.6334393
-----------
Neanderthal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal
------------------
Neanderthals and Humans Were Hooking Up Way More Than Anyone Thought
https://www.livescience.com/64189-neanderthals-and-humans-interbreeding.html
--------------------
Neanderthals' Big Noses Get an Airy Explanation
https://www.livescience.com/62210-neanderthal-big-noses.html
----------------------
Neanderthals and Humans Were No One Night Stand
Our DNA has revealed many more encounters.
https://www.history.com/news/neanderthal-human-interbreeding-mating-discovery
----------------------
Some people have slightly squashed heads thanks to Neanderthal DNA
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2188104-some-people-have-slightly-squashed-heads-thanks-to-neanderthal-dna/
-----------------------
How a DNA revolution has decoded the origins of our humanity
Mapping the genomes of our ancestors has allowed scientists to uncover secrets and discover new mysteries in our evolution
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/nov/19/human-evolution-dna-revolution-mapping-genome
-----------------------
Early humans hooked up with other species a whole bunch
https://www.popsci.com/human-neanderthal-sex
---------------------------
Genetic data on half a million Brits reveal ongoing evolution and Neanderthal legacy
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/01/genetic-data-half-million-brits-reveal-ongoing-evolution-and-neanderthal-legacy
---------------------------
The Myth Of the Traumatized Neanderthal
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/11/myth-traumatized-neanderthal/575776/
----------------------------
Brain development after birth differs between Neanderthals and modern humans
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(10)01282-0
-----------------------------
Neanderthals Had Straighter Spines And Took Deeper Breaths
https://www.forbes.com/sites/fionamcmillan/2018/11/02/neanderthals-had-straighter-spines-and-took-deeper-breaths/#7a6a6f359a40
------------------------------
Neanderthals were upright individuals, skeleton proves
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/10/30/neanderthals-upright-individuals-skeleton-proves/
------------------------------
The anti-social mini-brains of Neanderthals
https://forbetterscience.com/2018/07/02/the-anti-social-mini-brains-of-neanderthals/
-------------------------------
Homo heidelbergensis was only slightly taller than the Neanderthal
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/f-sf-hhw060612.php
----------------------------
{Some theorize that many ancient primates faced a giant catastrophe that killed off many species and possibly deformed others. Why is it that monkeys, gorillas and humans look very similar, why is it that we share a similar body, organs and face with other organisms. Could all species of monkeys, apes, primates and humans be from one species or from different various species slowly introduced to Earth. Would that species or different species be on the lower or higher end of the spectrum of being more advanced or less advanced than the species that are born after. Would this mean that humans evolved, devolved or have stayed the same. Would this mean that a monkey has evolved, devolved or have stayed around the same. We can see that many species used to be bigger as well. We can clearly see how species can change with interbreeding. We can see how the Pug dog has regressed as a species of animal as well, what would stop other species of animals and races of people to regress with bracycephalic degenerative traits.
Some theorists claim that orangutans, gorillas, Tarsiers and monkeys are devolved hominids, hominins or even some type of beings that were actually once more human-like, and that people have evolution backwards. Some say if you look at the theory of evolution backwards, that this would make a lot of sense. Would this theory mean that a species of human or a similar species to humans were put here by an alien species. Some question if a species of human or a species more similar to humans could have deformed or devolved into a hairy deformed species, then slowly regressed into smaller hominids from a global catastrophe and mass extinction event on the planet. Some question if other groups of humans or human-like people did not deform or change as much and could build livable structures in caves or inside of the Earth to avoid a mass extinction. To many this would sound like an absurd idea, and that many question where would the evidence be to support this with ancient fossils. Could evolution and devolution happen multiple times in order to form a unique a species. Many animals and plants share many of the same chemical structures in their bodies. Could many species share the same building blocks from just a few select species that formed into many different beings and animals over time}.
------------------------------
The Chemical Composition of Green Plants
https://sciencing.com/chemical-composition-green-plants-8336363.html
------------
World’s scientists turn to Asia and Australia to rewrite human history
http://theconversation.com/worlds-scientists-turn-to-asia-and-australia-to-rewrite-human-history-88697
------------------------------
Viewpoint: Why we still underestimate the Neanderthals
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46988399
-------------------
{Ancient Aliens has a good explanation on how aliens may have introduced different humanoids to Earth so often. This theory does simplify everything and make it sound much simpler that humans were actually created by aliens, and that humans are their own distinct race from other animals. Could this mean that if humans were something such as we see in the movie Avatar, that when we pass on this planet, that the afterlife is different for us than any other beings on this planet}.
------------------
Modern humans interbred with Denisovans twice in history
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180315140718.htm
----------------------
Homo Sapiens Interbred With Denisovans From Two Different Populations
https://www.the-scientist.com/the-nutshell/homo-sapiens-interbred-with-denisovans-from-two-different-populations-29948
-----------------------
Homo heidelbergensis
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Homo-heidelbergensis
------------------------------------------
{What I predict what will happen. We have millions of years left ahead of us, and we can see so
much that has happened just within 100 years. We can see that the elite get very bored. We
can see that the elite want to even eliminate a lot of humanity so they can bring in cyborgs and
androids.
What would stop the elite from trying to genocide off and continue to repopulate the same humans as a type of game almost.
One theory is that aliens or the group of beings that put humans and other beings on this planet try to change the species every so many thousands of years on the planet.
We see though when a species faces extinction, that many times they do not come back, this is why we must promote the agenda to preserve the white race}.
-------------------------------------------
10 EXTINCT ANIMALS THAT WILL BE RESURRECTED SOON
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSMMiUrB8k4Scientists are currently trying to genetically modify extinct species to study how they
Giant sloths
Woolly mammoths
Saber-tooth cats
An extinct type of giant deer
An extinct type of cattle
Steller's Sea Cow
The dodo bird
An Extinct type of frog
An extinct type of rhinoceros
Neanderthals
{It just seems like some episode of Planet of the Apes}.
---------------------
Ancient Fauna, Flora & Fungi {Playlist}
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmdcewIjXi0&list=PLi6K9w_UbfFQdNKfnpChyA5XTT2gb3ALl
----------------------
----------------------
----------------------
Chapter 3: Tarsier
-------------------------
------------------------
Decoding of Tarsier genome reveals ties to humans
Findings refine understanding of primate evolution
https://medicine.wustl.edu/news/decoding-tarsier-genome-reveals-ties-humans/
--------------------
Tarsiers' bulging eyes shed light on evolution of human vision
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130327132537.htm
-----------------------
Tarsiers' bulging eyes shed light on evolution of human vision
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130327132537.htm
------------------
Tarsiers' bulging eyes shed light on evolution of human vision
https://phys.org/news/2013-03-tarsiers-bulging-eyes-evolution-human.html
----------------------
Meet the Philippine tarsier: Second-smallest primate on the planet
https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/bohol-philippine-tarsier/
-----------------
Tarsiers: tiny primates with ultrasonic vocal skills
https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/science/tarsiers-tiny-primates-with-ultrasonic-vocal-skills.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=53F648800F790FA47A8946C52965991C&gwt=pay
-------------------
World’s Smallest Primate Issues High-Frequency Calls Like Bats
https://scitechdaily.com/worlds-smallest-primate-issues-high-frequency-calls-like-bats/
--------------------
Yoda-like tarsiers are our distant cousins: Cute creatures share the same branch of the evolutionary tree as humans
A study has revealed the carnivorous primates are our distant relatives
Their DNA shows they are closer to the group containing apes than lemurs
But they also have a large number of genes changing at different rates
Researchers say this could help to study human diseases, with further genome studies to help protect the animals in the wild
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3824990/Yoda-like-tarsiers-distant-cousins-Cute-creatures-share-branch-evolutionary-tree-humans.html
--------------------
You are related to this bizarre jungle gremlin
https://nypost.com/2016/10/10/you-are-related-to-this-bizarre-jungle-gremlin/
------------------------
Tarsier genome offers clues about our oddball primate relative
https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2016/1006/Tarsier-genome-offers-clues-about-our-oddball-primate-relative
-----------------------
{Tarsiers have the same brachycephalic traits as other animals like the Pug dog}.
---------------------
Twenty-Five Little Bones Tell a Puzzling Story About Early Primate Evolution
A cache of exquisitely preserved bones, found in a coal mine in the state of Gujarat, India, appear to be the most primitive primate bones yet discovered, according to an analysis led by researchers from The Johns Hopkins University and Des Moines University, funded in part by a grant from The Leakey Foundation. Their assessment of the bones, belonging to ancient, rat-sized, tree-dwelling primates, bolsters the controversial idea that primates native to what is now India played an important role in the very early evolution of primates, mammals that include humans, apes and monkeys.
A description of the research was published online August 7, 2016, in the Journal of Human Evolution.
“All other primate bones found so far around the world clearly belong to one or the other of the two primate groups, called clades: Strepsirrhini and Haplorhini,” says Kenneth Rose, Ph.D., professor emeritus in the Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “But many of the Gujarat bones show features that do not clearly belong to one clade or the other.”
According to Rose and lead author Rachel Dunn, Ph.D., an assistant professor of anatomy at Des Moines University, this suggests that the little primates represent a very early stage of primate evolution. That idea is counterintuitive, they say, because older primate fossils exist that show more specialized features, but they add that that situation is fairly common in the fossil record.
https://leakeyfoundation.org/twenty-five-little-bones-tell-a-puzzling-story-about-early-primate-evolution/
-----------------------
Which Animal has the most sensitive eyes?
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150219-the-worlds-most-sensitive-eyes
------------------------
Zoologger: A primate with eyes bigger than its brains
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19738-zoologger-a-primate-with-eyes-bigger-than-its-brains/
---------------------
Fossils show ancient primates had grooming claws as well as nails
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/ancient-primates-had-grooming-claws/
--------------------
New Study: 60 Percent of Primate Species Threatened With Extinction
https://www.sapiens.org/evolution/primate-extinction-threat/
---------------------
The tarsier’s nuclear genome comes with a bonus mitochodrial genome
https://www.molecularecologist.com/2016/10/tarsier-genome/
------------
Study shows that tiny Tarsiers are our evolutionary cousins
https://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1113416128/tarsier-human-link-100616/
-----------------------
Tarsiers ‘distant cousins’ of humans
https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/tarsiers-distant-cousins-of-humans/
Jumping genes
A team of scientists from the Washington University School Of Medicine and the University of Münster in Germany sequenced the complete genome of the tarsier and analysed DNA sequences called transposons, or jumping genes. These transposons can move from one part of the genome to another, duplicating themselves in the process, but over time lose the ability to jump. By seeing which jumping genes were embedded in others, the researchers were able to determine when they lost the ability to jump around and therefore date the different families of transposons.
They then compared the transposon families of tarsiers, humans, dry-nosed squirrel monkeys and wet-nosed bushbabies. The result: only the oldest were shared with bushbabies, meaning the tarsier can finally be classed as a dry-nosed primate like us (and squirrel monkeys).
“Jumping genes help us understand how species diverged from one another over millions of years ago,” says Jürgen Schmitz of the University of Münster. “The tarsier genome is a modern archive of evolutionary changes that led to humans.”
-------------------------
Primates of the Caribbean: dead monkeys do tell tales
DNA analysis sheds light on ancient primate island-hopping. Dyani Lewis reports.
https://cosmosmagazine.com/biology/primates-of-the-caribbean-dead-monkeys-do-tell-tales
By comparing its mitochondrial and genomic DNA sequences to sequences from other Central and South American primates – the so-called New World monkeys – the team was able to construct a family tree showing how they are all related.
Xenothrix, it turns out, is closely related to Titi monkeys. Most Titi species only differ from each other in size and the colour of their fur – variations brought about over time as rivers prevented adjacent populations from mating, thus inducing speciation.
Judging from anatomy alone, the Jamaican primate’s close relationship with the Titis seemed unlikely. Its molar teeth had suggested a closer link to other monkey families.
The likely explanation for its unusual anatomy: Xenothrix’s home.
Islands are hotbeds of biological diversity. Unlike their mainland counterparts, island dwelling animals can undergo rapid evolutionary change that catapults them into extreme forms vastly different from their ancestors or mainland relatives.
Dwarf elephants and pygmy hippopotamuses, along with giant tortoises and elephant birds are the products of this sort of run-away evolutionary process. The diminutive Homo floresiensis is thought to be a case of island dwarfism in a line of early humans living in current-day Indonesia.
“This new understanding of the evolutionary history of Xenothrix shows that evolution can take unexpected paths when animals colonise islands and are exposed to new environments,” says co-author Samuel Turvey.
The monkey split from the Titi monkeys about 11 million years ago, but primates have existed on Jamaica for even longer than that, according to the analysis. This suggests that they made the watery journey to the Caribbean more than once.
It also means that other monkeys in the island region didn’t all evolve from a single ancestor.
If that’s the case, even ancient DNA might struggle to tell the complex story of the evolutionary origins of the primates of the Caribbean.
“I don't think that this is really the last word on what's happening here,” says primate palaeoanthropologist Varsha Pilbrow from the University of Melbourne, who was not involved in the study. “What's happened in the Caribbean is really a dog’s breakfast.”
With more ancient DNA in his hands, Barnes hopes to get a greater understanding of what genetic changes may have led to Xenothrix’s strange anatomy, and whether its traits helped it adapt to its island home.
-------------------------
Mysterious Origin of Extinct Jamaican Monkey Solved With DNA Testing
https://gizmodo.com/mysterious-origin-of-extinct-jamaican-monkey-solved-wit-1830408210
------------------
Marsupial lived among Arctic dinosaurs
- Summary:
- A research team has discovered a previously unknown species of marsupial that lived in Alaska's Arctic during the era of dinosaurs, adding a vivid new detail to a complex ancient landscape. The thumb-sized animal, named Unnuakomys hutchisoni, lived in the Arctic about 69 million years ago during the late Cretaceous Period.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190219132918.htm
------------------
The strange Asian island where monkeys and marsupials meet
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170106-the-strange-asian-island-where-monkeys-and-marsupials-meet
-----------------------
A bushel of facts about the uniqueness of human pubic hair
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/bering-in-mind/a-bushel-of-facts-about-the-uniqueness-of-human-pubic-hair/Although naked apes [humans] have pubic hair, surely our hairy cousins don’t? How could I test my hypothesis? I knew that there was a stuffed chimpanzee in the Grant Zoological Museum at University College London and I called in on the way to my laboratory. Alas, he was a juvenile, which left the question open. A brisk walk across Regent’s Park to inspect the adult gorillas in their splendid new pavilion at London Zoo strengthened my suspicion, and this was later confirmed by a visit to the chimpanzees at Whipsnade Zoo north of London. Indeed, all the species of apes, Old World monkeys and New World monkeys seem to be less hairy in the pubic region than elsewhere; fur is present but it is short and fine.
On the basis of morphology, human Pthirus pubis is closely related to the gorilla louse, Pthirus gorillae . Molecular phylogeny indicates that human pubic lice diverged from gorilla lice as recently as 3.3 million years ago whereas the chimp and human host lineage split from the gorilla lineage at least 7 million years ago. Thus, it seems clear that humans acquired pubic lice horizontally, possibly at the time of the Pthirus species’ split and probably directly from gorillas. Because they were already adapted to the coarse body hair of the gorilla, crabs would have found a suitable niche in human pubic hair.
That’s right. We got crabs from gorillas. But get your head out of the jungle gutter. Weiss speculates that our ancestors acquired these ravenous parasites not through interspecies sex, but rather as a consequence of ancient humans butchering and eating gorillas. This close contact with gorilla carcasses would have enabled the gorilla louse (Pthirus gorillae ) to jump hosts and mutate in accordance with the eventual evolution of human pubic hair—what must have seemed a cozy and familiar environment—to become the Pthirus pubis species we know and loathe today (much as bushmeat slaughter practices allowed retroviruses to invade humans from chimpanzees in modern times).
---------------------
'Humans evolved after a female chimpanzee mated with a pig': Extraordinary claim made by American geneticist
Dr Eugene McCarthy points to features that distinguish us from primates
He says that the only animals which also have these features are pigs
Controversial hypothesis has been met by significant opposition
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2515969/Humans-evolved-female-chimpanzee-mated-pig-Extraordinary-claim-American-geneticist.html
--------------------
Did humans evolve from pigs?
https://theoutline.com/post/1547/did-we-come-from-pigs?zd=2&zi=t33zt76n
-----------------------
{Did aliens create humans , monkeys and pigs, and would this be why different animals look very similar with similar organs.
We see that different animals such as cats, dogs, rabbit, mice, squirrel, bears, dogs all have hair and fur that is different colors such as white, brown, black, orange, red, blonde and grey.
Why is it that animals that live in the Arctic have white and more grey coats often.
We even see how humans that live near the Arctic have whiter skin. We see that white Europeans and white skinned Orientals both have pale skin and have higher IQ than many dark skinned humans.
It would make the most sense that aliens are behind creating these beings.
The question is if many mosquitoes found over many thousands of years ago are identical to the mosquitoes found today. Yet now scientists are saying that pesticides are now changing the evolution of mosquitoes.
What can genetically modified organisms tell us about evolution}?
-------------------------
Genetic changes help mosquitoes survive pesticide attacks
Study shows how intensive pesticide use is driving mosquito evolution at the genetic level
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180102153215.htm
-------------------------
The Wild Experiment That Showed Evolution in Real Time
By placing wild mice in large outdoor enclosures, an ambitious team of scientists has illustrated the full process of natural selection in a single study.
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/unprecedentedly-thorough-evolution-experiment/581521/
--------------------
Tragedy of the Once Common Rhesus Monkey: Wildlife SOS Conserves the Iconic Urban Primate
https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2013/01/22/tragedy-of-the-once-common-rhesus-monkey-wildlife-sos-conserves-the-iconic-urban-primate/
----------------------
Comparison of monkey and human brains reveals the 'unique properties' of human attention
https://www.theverge.com/2015/7/13/8951797/human-brain-attention-macaques-unique
----------------------
What the data tell us Students’ performance in science and attitudes towards science
https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisa-2015-results-in-focus.pdf
---------------
----------------
----------------
Chapter 4: Miscellaneous
---------------
---------------
---------------
{Notice how if these very hairy people try to reproduce, that their offspring will also most likely inherit these genes as well and also be hairy}.
----------------------
The World's Hairiest Girl
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqgvX_VxSnA
----------------------
Is this the world's hairiest person? 'Wolf Man' is 98% covered in hair due to rare condition
Larry Gomez was born with the incredibly rare disorder Hypertrichosis which results in 98% of his body – including his face - being coated in hair but he has learned to embrace his difference
https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/worlds-hairiest-person-wolf-man-11976979
--------------
The struggles of the world's hairiest family
https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33978116
--------------
What ethnicity/phenotype is the hairiest?
https://www.theapricity.com/forum/showthread.php?190166-What-ethnicity-phenotype-is-the-hairiest
----------------
How Atavisms Work
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/atavism1.htm
-----------------
Laziness May Have Doomed This Human Ancestor
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/laziness-may-have-doomed-this-human-ancestor.htm
-------------------
10 Most Incredible Hairy People
https://www.oddee.com/item_97812.aspx
-----------------
{I will be honest, a lot of these people with this condition were killed off by angry mobs in the past.
We can see this happens in brown people and white people, but that it seems it happens more often in people with brown color skin. What does this genetic mutation tell us about some brown skin people.
Notice how we see species of animals that have hair or fur, while other animals of the same species do not have hair or fur, such as we can see tarantulas, cats, dogs, and even humans also}.
---------------
Who Is the Ugliest Man in the World?
https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/qbwvxd/question-of-the-day-who-is-the-ugliest-human
{Looks like his face is matching that of an orangutan slowly}.
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Did humans really evolve from apes?
https://www.haikudeck.com/passion-project-education-presentation-pFfMh5j1UR
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Hominidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hominidae_(extant_species).jpg
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{We often hear about the land of Atlantis. Some question if different types of races of humans evolved or were put on different islands in order to survive or keep their race a certain distinct color. Some question if white people came from a land like Atlantis or areas of land that are now under the oceans}.
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Doggerland
Doggerland was an area of land, now submerged beneath the southern North Sea, that connected Great Britain to continental Europe. It was flooded by rising sea levels around 6,500–6,200 BC. Geological surveys have suggested that it stretched from Britain's east coast to the Netherlands and the western coasts of Germany and the peninsula of Jutland.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doggerland
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{We think that whites should not feel guilty about trying to save the white race as much as they can. Look at how much blacks and other groups try to promote white guilt in our schools and our media. I say it is a good thing that we should segregate the races so that we can save the better genes in the white race. It seems that the more white people try to race mix with a black or Hispanic, the lower the IQ points are in the offspring of the child, and the smaller the brain of many children become. The best thing to do is ship blacks back to Africa so we do not inherit these dysgenic brachycephalic traits from blacks}.
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Mulatto Supremacism
https://majorityrights.com/weblog/comments/mulatto_supremacism
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A Letter To White Moms With Biracial Kids
https://classicruby.com/2014/03/03/a-letter-to-white-moms-with-biracial-kids/
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Go to Commercial: Viewer Backlash Over a Mixed Race Family
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/intersections/201411/go-commercial-viewer-backlash-over-mixed-race-family
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95% of White Americans Have No African Ancestry
https://occamsrazormag.wordpress.com/2013/03/23/racial-admixture-in-usa-and-why-mulattoes-identify-as-black/
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ESPN’s Sage Steel: ‘Worst Racism I’ve Received Comes From Black People’
https://blackamericaweb.com/2017/02/22/espns-sage-steel-worst-racism-ive-received-comes-from-black-people/
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Inside Facebook's Totally Adorable, Kind of Racist Mixed Race Baby Community
https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/vv59px/inside-facebooks-totally-adorable-kind-of-racist-mixed-race-baby-community
{Mulatto people have grown to be a nuisance for western society and the best thing to do is to deport many of them to Africa. We should redistrict population and race in all white ethno-states such as in America, Canada and the nations of Europe. These areas should be reserved for a majority white population, see to it that we ship the majority of black people back to Africa. Most of these mulatto people are going to grow up to be some low IQ individual that is racist to white people, and most likely would rather raise a black panther fist or Muslim Jihadi banner than an American flag. We want to keep many of these racist black and mulatto people out of white society and out of white areas. All mulatto people do is complain about how they are being oppressed and how now they just do not fit in white society, and why we need a one world mulatto race. Blacks and mulatto people constantly complain why no one wants to let them into white neighborhoods even. We can clearly see that many black people and mulatto people do not know how to properly act in a first world nation. We see too many problems with these fake gangster rapper black and mulatto cultures, you are a giant nuisance and a burden to humanity, and that you are a bad example and representation of what humankind should be about. The best thing to do is deport many of these people back to Africa. Many mulatto people try to act like ghetto thug gangster rapper that no one wants around, then you wonder why people are racist against these lower IQ race groups of people that act immature and annoying.
Mulatto people act just as bad and ruin nice white neighborhoods almost just as fast as a black or Mexican ruins a white neighborhood. White people having mulatto children in white western society continue to become a burden to white western society and culture, we should deport these white couples with their mulatto children to North Africa, South America or the Middle East.
We must not tolerate any liberal that attempts to stop the deportations of these third world foreigners that continue to ruin America. We must not let these white liberals try and bring down white western society with their liberal views of trying to bring these 300 style Persians into Europe and America to kill whites. Most liberals still do not understand how they are helping bring down first world people and nations to third world degenerates, many of these people are traitors to their lineage and family bloodline. We would hate to kill you and lose more white DNA, just over some liberal throwing a fit and undermining national security, but we will start arresting and deporting many of these liberal traitors if we must}.
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Why there are so many mixed races couples on TV.
https://detiptv.com/why-there-are-so-many-mixed-races-couples-on-tv/
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{We do not hate any race of people, we just believe that different cultures and people should stay the same race, such as how Europe should stay a majority white area. We think that we should segregate many of the races to make it fair for all people. When we really talk about equal rights, I think the best equal rights is starting with segregating the races.
Everyone is tired of mulattoes that complain about everything, then try to take over all areas wherever they go, the best thing to do is to deport them to North Africa. If you are going to have a mixed race kid such as an Oriental, then have your kid born over in East Asia and not in a white western nation. If you are going to have a mixed race black kid, go have your kid over in Africa and not a first world western nation. If you are going to have a mixed raced Mexican or South American Hispanic kid, go have your kid in South America or Africa. Look at how these people insist that they try and bring in a third world dysgenic brachycephalic foreigner and insist that they stay in a first world nation. Look at how some people even adopt third world children as some type of gesture that they are not a racist, while we see how these liberals are just bringing in a bunch of degenerates though the backdoor of a first world nation, and they need to be stopped at all costs as well. Look at all of these loser guys that are so desperate and just want to have sex, then bring home some wife from a third world country to have a kid. Then they even try to claim how it is their only soul mate and insist on bringing in another degenerate into western society.
This is equal to bringing in 2-3 illegal immigrants if you bring in a third world wife and have a
non-white baby. Many of these non-white offspring will reproduce, and before you know we have dozens of these types of dysgenic offsprings now claiming they are western citizens, and that many of them even hate white people and want white people dead. We need to start outlawing many of these race mixing practices in many first world nations. Please go have your child in a third world nation if you are going to bring in a third world non-white spouse to have a third world child in America. This is why we should implement the Chinese Exclusion Act (the Immigration Act of 1924), and deport many of these foreigners and non-whites. It would be possible to keep all races in America, but we would need population control so that whites remain the majority race, and that we regulate race and birth. We need to stop many of these dysgenic third world people from flooding high IQ western nations with more dysgenic degenerates that belong in a third world nation}.
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“Hybrid Degenerates” to “Multiracial Families” Discourses of Race Mixing in America
https://www.sunypress.edu/pdf/61444.pdf
The Filipino tends to interbreed with near-moron white girls. The resulting hybrid is almost invariably undesirable.—C. M. Goethe, “Filipino Immigration Viewed As a Peril”
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Study finds bias, disgust toward mixed-race couples
https://phys.org/news/2016-08-bias-disgust-mixed-race-couples.html
{There should be bias against mixed race couples in first world nations. Instead of having the next evolved white Plato or white Tesla, you now have some low IQ mulatto who would rather be a gangster rapper or pro basketball player than an inventor. Then you have some ghetto hood rat who would be much better off growing up in a ghetto third world country with all the other blacks and Mexicans that want to act like ghetto rapper trash. We need to get this gangster scum and deport all these black, Arabic and Hispanic gangsters out of America and western nations for starters. We need to stop these low IQ wannabe gangster rap themed individuals from trying to ruin white neighborhoods. We are tired of a lot of these big corporations and companies from trying to promote the mixed-race one world race agenda in many commercials and advertisements. We can see how they are trying to promote a mixed race agenda to breed out the smarter humans, this is equal to what we call genocide or a holocaust of the higher IQ white man that is now currently facing genocide to a lesser grade of people, and this must stop}.
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Race differences in intelligence: A global perspective.
Negroid-Caucasoid Hybrids As noted, virtually all American Negroids are hybrids with some Caucasoid ancestry. The same is probably the case with West Indian and British Negroids. Although this has never been documented, West Indian Negroids lived as slaves on white owned plantations from the 17th to the 19th century in similar conditions to those of Negroids in the United States. There was undoubtedly a certain amount of interbreeding between white estate owners and Negroid slaves, which gave rise to a number of Negroid-Caucasoid hybrids whose existence as a considerable class was noted by Anthony Trollope in his Tour of the West Indies. The results for Negroid-Caucasoid hybrids are shown in Table 4. For the United States, seven major post Shuey (1966) studies are listed because of their special interest by virtue of the large number of subjects, because they yield IQs for the verbal and visuospatial abilities, or because they are derived from young children. These show that the Negroid mean IQ of approximately 85 is present among children as young as 2-6 year olds. In Britain the three major studies of Negroids obtained mean IQs of 86, 94 and 87, broadly similar to those in the United States. Figures are available for two of the Caribbean islands, namely Barbados (mean IQ = 82) and Jamaica (mean IQ = 66-75).
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.608.4773&rep=rep1&type=pdf
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Race differences in intelligence: A global perspective.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247325974_Race_differences_in_intelligence_A_global_perspective
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Natural selection making 'education genes' rarer, says Icelandic study
Researchers say that while the effect corresponds to a small drop in IQ per decade, over centuries the impact could be profound
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jan/16/natural-selection-making-education-genes-rarer-says-icelandic-study
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Blacks Aren’t Human
https://nationalvanguard.org/2015/03/blacks-arent-human/
ACCORDING TO Rushton’s Race, Evolution, and Behavior fully modern Homo sapiens emerged in Africa 200,000 years ago. 100,000 years ago, a small group of Africans had a sudden urge to head north. This small group inhabited the rest of the world, with minimal contact with the rest of the Africans who stayed in Africa. Forty thousand years ago, the Caucasoid race broke off from the Mongoloid race.
This means the entire world outside of Africa is largely related, descended from one small tribe of perhaps a few hundred or a thousand. This tribe was obviously already unique, in that it alone had the intrepidity and determination to head north and conquer the world. We, the descendants of this unique tribe, have afterwards been evolving under extremely different, more challenging environments for the last 100,000 years apart from the African race we left behind. 100,000 years under dramatically different environments from a dramatically different founding stock is a long time. Compare it to dogs:
Dog Domestication and History
“Dog history has been studied recently using mitochondrial DNA, which suggests that wolves and dogs split into different species around 100,000 years ago…”
Another recent study suggests that the entire population of dogs today are descended from three females near China about 15,000 years ago.
So, I’m going to stick my neck out and use the 13,000 year BC date as the probable date of domestication.
This is a convenient parallel. Dogs also come from a bottleneck, they’ve also been genetically separate from wolves for 100,000 years, and they’ve also undergone different environmental pressures than their wolf counterparts. Just as the northern latitudes presented a unique environment for non-Blacks to grow up in, dogs were domesticated and evolved towards suiting human needs instead of wolf needs. No one on earth says dogs and wolves are the same species, even though it is possible for dogs to mate with wolves and have fertile offspring. The genetic differences are vast enough, the phenotypic differences in looks, behavior, and personality are great enough, that everyone instinctively recognizes dogs and wolves are different species now.
Why then are Blacks considered human? Why are Blacks and non-Blacks considered part of the same species? We could not look more different, act more different, or have more different personalities than them. There is a vast genetic divergence between Blacks and non-Blacks dating back 100,000 years. And even though Blacks and non-Blacks can have fertile offspring, biologically that has never been used as the exclusive standard for whether you belong to the same species or not.
Phenotypic Variations Between Blacks and Non-Blacks
Blacks have wide noses, kinky hair, black skin, high waist-to-hip ratios, prognathic jaws, long arms, and soulless, vacant eyes. Everything about them is ugly.
Blacks have the lowest IQ in the world (ignoring the equally disgusting and black-skinned Australian aborigines for convenience’s sake). The Bushmen clock in at around 50 IQ, the average Bantu achieves the mentally retarded level of 70 IQ, and the highly cultivated, well fed, well cared for, partially White African-Americans reach 85 IQ. IQ has an enormous impact on lifestyle, achievement, and behavior. IQ correlates to poverty, crime, mortality, and broken homes on one side — and education, wealth, human accomplishment, long life and stable homes on the other. According to IQ and the Wealth of Nations, a country must have a minimum average IQ of 90 to run a technological civilization. It is not a far cry to say it is IQ that makes humans better than the animals, and it is IQ that makes some humans better than other humans.
That’s not all though. Blacks are unique in that when we arrived, they had no written language, no wheel, no architectural works, nothing at all that would indicate they live a human existence. Whereas literature and palaces and cities existed in almost every corner of the earth, from the Incas to the Indians to the Persians to the Chinese to Stonehenge to Ankar Wat in Cambodia — nothing existed in Africa. For the past 100,000 years non-Blacks have been spreading across the globe, building pyramids and cities, developing new technology, domesticating animals and crops, covering themselves in finely decorated clothing, and living essentially human lives. Blacks, meanwhile, stayed nearly naked, self-mutilating, technology-less, with no domesticated animals, no written language, no wheel, no stone buildings, no metalworking, nothing.
Virtually every other non-Black group came up with an admirable or at least interesting religion or philosophy which was recorded and taught to a priesthood. Indians had the Vedas and the Upanishads, Chinese had Confucianism, Daoism, and various sects of Buddhism. Europeans had Virgil, Horace, and Homer to write down their pagan religion, with Plato, Aristotle, and numberless other greats to record their philosophy. Even the Aztecs had a corpus of literature which was, unfortunately, burnt and destroyed by the Spanish invaders. Shintoism was developed in Japan, the epic of Gilgamesh was recorded in ancient Babylonian times, and Egypt authored the Book of the Dead. Only Black Africa (and assorted primitives in Australasia) hadn’t recorded or created any official religion or philosophy. Blacks still rely on voodoo, witchcraft, black magic, and animism with no particular pantheon of Gods, no priesthood, no anything that could develop them past superstition and barbarism.
Today it is questionable what Blacks could achieve on their own, without the intervention of others giving to them all the things they could never produce or maintain themselves. Though we see Blacks walking around in business suits, speaking English, shooting guns, and making use of all sorts of non-Black generated goods and services and inventions and ideas and discoveries — none of them originate from the Black man. Without the continuous intervention of charity into Black Africa, it’s unknown whether they could even maintain what they have, or if they would simply regress back to mud huts the moment we left. All current Black civilization is in fact transplanted non-Black civilization. There is not as yet a single Black civilization on Earth that has independently developed and maintained its own technological and philosophical way of life.
Nor can some strange combination of bad luck and being separate from other civilizations explain Black under performance. After all, Blacks have been connected to the outside world since the 1400s. They have had centuries to modernize and improve themselves in Africa with full access to modern knowledge and technology. In contrast, it took Japan about twenty years to modernize from a feudal Samurai culture to a fully modern industrial state which then took on and defeated Russia in 1900. Blacks have had centuries in the USA to do all sorts of human activities, immersed in White culture, knowledge, and technology. Instead all they do is riot, rape, steal, sell drugs, and demand more handouts from the government. Germany recovered from WWII in just ten years, becoming yet again a prosperous, powerful, and leading-edge modern civilization. Africans meanwhile cannot recover from ‘colonization,’ ’slavery,’ or ‘discrimination’ after centuries. Haiti has been an all-Black, independent, free state since the Napoleonic wars, 200 years ago. Even so, its lifestyle and standard of living perfectly matches that of darkest Africa. In those 200 years it hasn’t progressed an inch. In fact it has probably regressed since that time. Their neighbors in the Dominican Republic have immensely better statistics than them in all fields. Instead of a failed state, the Dominican Republic takes care of its people, has a working government, and doesn’t need charity. The difference? Their population is non-Black. All of the old, tired excuses are refuted by geography and history.
The Black murder rate is nine times that of the White/Hispanic (combined!) murder rate. It is 36 times as high as the Asian murder rate. Blacks are the majority of AIDS cases and all other STDs, their STD rates are completely out of proportion to all other groups. Even homosexuals have a hard time keeping up with the Black STD rates. No ordinary healthy human has the sexual habits of the Black race. Whereas every other people on earth developed a family structure, Blacks still roam around aimlessly screwing everyone they meet and never staying to raise the child. Seventy percent of Black children in the USA are illegitimate. In Africa, women largely do all the work and raise the kids while the men commit crime or sit around chewing leaves or smoking something. Domestic violence among Blacks is atrocious. Rape is endemic. The human race does not act like this; their morals and habits are completely different.
Good things can be said of virtually every group or civilization on earth. This is unsurprising, given the fact that everyone on earth is descended from the same small tribe that left Africa 100,000 years ago. East Asians are such decent, advanced people they are comparable to Whites. Unsurprisingly, they only diverged from the White race 40,000 years ago. There is only one group nothing good can be said about, there is only one group completely unrelated to the rest of the human race, and that is the Black African. There is enough genetic variation between Blacks and non-Blacks that any objective scientist, classifying us like they would classify various animal species, would label us different species. On one side humans, on the other Blacks. There is enough phenotypic, common sense variation, that again it is an insult to categorize Blacks among the human race. They are nothing like us and they never will be; they are worse in every way. Call them orcs, or trolls, devils, or whatever you like — they are not human.
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Why Young Men of Color Are Joining White-Supremacist Groups
https://www.thedailybeast.com/why-young-men-of-color-are-joining-white-supremacist-groups
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A mixed-race German confronts white supremacists face-to-face, including the Klan
https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-09-15/mixed-race-german-confronts-white-supremacists-face-face-including-klan
{It is simple, if you are mixed race person trying to live in Germany or in white ethno-states and complain about whites, then we should probably just deport you to North Africa or the Middle East and the problem is solved. America was founded as a white ethno-state and we are going to keep it that way. See to it that we deport many of these third world brachycephalic degenerates and maintain a majority white population in America, Canada, Europe and Australia.
It would be nice to reserve South Africa for whites and to regulate population, race and birth in South Africa for whites. Africans have plenty of Africa, the white man deserves white colonies in Africa, and that Africa has been multiracial for thousands of years, just look at Egypt. Black people do not deserve 100% of Africa, and that we also have brown people and white people in
Africa as well. I think we should segregate white colonies in South Africa and make the country of South Africa a place for white people to live, black people have plenty of Africa to roam. We cannot let one of the best countries in Africa fall to a bunch of low IQ savages.}.
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We’re running out of whites
https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/were-running-out-of-whites-20170806-2
About half a million white South Africans have left the country in the past three decades, and Stats SA estimates that a further 112 740 will emigrate in the next five years.
The white population is also ageing as younger people are mostly the ones who go, leaving their parents behind.
Population growth estimates show that the white population declined by 22 250 people, from 4.52 million in 2016 to 4.49 million in 2017. Over the same period, the total population increased by 900 000 to 56.62 million.
Frans Cronjé of the Institute of Race Relations said the white population structure resembled an hourglass after 1994, when many between the ages of 20 and 40 emigrated. Since then, the bottom and top parts of the hourglass have shrunk, because the white people who remained had fewer children.
Though Stats SA couldn’t say why whites were leaving, emigration agencies believe political instability, crime and uncertainty are reasons cited for leaving. Emma Waldorf, senior consultant at Compass Migration, explained: “Of late, the reasons for the increase in emigration are simply political reasons, safety reasons and uncertainty about the future.”
Reuven Abeshouse, migration agent at Migration 2 OZ, attested to this, adding that enquiries about migrating to Australia have increased in the past two years.
“The common reason clients advance is that there is no certainty about the future of South Africa, so they would rather leave while they still can. Many also cite that they are worried that their children may not have the opportunities that they had because of what is going on in the country, especially with the politics and policies around black empowerment,” he said.
Waldorf said her Cape Town-based agency has also seen an increase in those wanting to leave, particularly to Australia, Canada, the UK, Ireland and the US.
“There is certainly an increase in the number of queries we receive as each month goes by, but not all candidates qualify to go overseas and need to find jobs first. We are also finding that it is not only white people wanting to emigrate, we are increasingly getting queries from clients that are black, coloured and Indian.”
She also said those who were leaving were skilled professionals, tradespeople, entrepreneurs and experienced corporate employees.
“We are quickly losing all our skilled workers. One option for South Africa is to employ a foreign workforce to continue growing our economy and we all know how many South Africans feel about that,” Waldorf said.
“To understand the vastness of this: English language testing centres around South Africa are continuously fully booked. This is because applicants need to complete an English language test to qualify to emigrate. It takes months to get a spot to write this test, so this is a cause for concern.”
Abeshouse also said those who decide to leave haven’t made a snap decision. “Most have been thinking about it for years, but current affairs often push them to make that final call.”
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Is Africa going backwards on democracy?
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46971250
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{Let's be honest, most blacks don't even know how to run a government, look at how all of the governments in Africa are corrupt. This is why we should not allow black politicians in majority white nations. Look at how in most third world countries we see a constant pattern of deforestation and animal species going extinct. We cannot even trust many of these brachycephalic lower IQ degenerate race of savages to even protect their forests or regulate the animal population.
Even now when we have radio show hosts stating that the government wants to close off many areas of land because they cannot trust people to go into the forests and poach endangered animals, or ruin the forest in some way. When you look at the Middle East, many parts of Africa, Asia and South America, we can clearly see that many of these third world people do not have the best interests of their forests and animal populations. Many of these third world North Africans, Middle Easterners and South Americans would be the last people to trust to protect their habitats and environments. We can clearly see that many of these areas all face deforestation and animal species going extinct.
Look at how many of the governments in these areas are corrupt and many of these people thrive off corruption and organised crime. Many of these people are very ignorant on even how to properly run a government that is not corrupt. Now we soon see how many of these third world nations could eventually buy nuclear weapons on the black market and become a threat to first world nations}.
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Why some African Americans are moving to Africa
African Americans are returning to the lands of their ancestors as life becomes precarious and dangerous in the US.
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/african-americans-moving-africa-180116092736345.html
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African-Americans a disgrace to the black race
https://www.newsday.co.zw/2018/03/african-americans-disgrace-black-race/
As Black History Month closes, and African Americans in the United States (US) have celebrated and reflected on their role in that nation’s shaping, it would be everyone’s hope that they also took a good honest self-inventory on how they have become a far cry from their forefathers and mothers.
One cannot help but be engulfed with a deep sense of shame on how today’s African-Americans have turned into a huge embarrassment for the black race, as they have become a people without direction, morals, and a sense of determinations — unlike those of the earlier ages.
As a black person myself, but from the mother continent of Africa, I see today’s African-Americans as a bunch of cry-babies, who have an excuse for every type of demented behaviour that they exhibit — hiding behind their supposed repression by the white majority.
Granted, we all do acknowledge that African-Americans have, ever since being dragged to the New World as slaves and until today, have been receiving the short and dirty end of the stick, but that is not an excuse for who they have turned out to be.
Is being oppressed, or not seeing much prospects for acceptance or opportunities, a valid enough excuse not to attend school — yet those schools are there — or for drug abuse, violence and gangsterism, promiscuity, and generally living below one’s potential?
Quite, frankly, African-Americans are victims of their own failure to rise above the segregation and oppression they have been subjected to over the past centuries.
If they believe that the violent repression that they have suffered has turned them into violent people, then they only have themselves to blame when every police officer is jittery, around them and has a finger ready on the trigger.
It is no secret that one is more likely to be robbed or killed by an African-American than a white person, and that so-called black neighbourhoods are the most dangerous in the US.
I am also sure that African-Americans themselves acknowledge this fact, and if asked, they would admit that it was safer to walk in a White neighbourhood, especially at night.
According to some research I did, African-American women felt safer dating or marrying a Caucasian man than a fellow “brother”, as they were less likely to be violent, or to be involved in some sort of crime — especially gangsterism and drugs.
African-American children were more likely to grow up being raised by a single mother, as their black fathers would be absent — either, having absconded their duties, in prison for crimes they committed, or dead — usually, due to a life of crime.
Despite schools — no matter how “substandard” they may be — being present within reasonable distances, African-American children are more likely to drop out, or generally be a nuisance and downright problematic, leading to a higher probability of failure.
African-American children would rather spend their time with pants pulled down acting all tough, and generally preparing themselves to be criminals and losers.
If African-Americans want their lot to change, they can not expect White people to do it for them — it never happened, it is not happening, and it will never happen.
These great heroes did their part for a particular period, and a particular purpose, in African-Americans history.
However, today, the biggest struggle for US blacks is not slavery, or segregation — but, a serious need for mindset change amongst the African-American community itself. They need to make up their minds on what they really want to achieve as a community.
What do they truly want?
There is nothing that African-Americans have gone through that we in Africa have not — but, we largely reacted differently. We were similarly, enslaved through colonialism, and subjected to the same violent, and dehumanising oppression and deprivation of world class education, quality health, economic opportunities and empowerment, suffrage, and were generally relegated to the fringes of human society.
However, did that get us down?
Did that turn us into violent drug addicts, who waste their time in some pity party, whilst dropping out of school and choosing a life of crime?
Did that turn us into unreliable husbands and fathers, who would not be there for our families?
On the contrary, Africans were so hungry for education — as we knew it was the key out of poverty — that even during the colonial times, we would walk, if not run, over 20km each day to and fro school.
From as young as 12 years old, my mother would run behind her father — who would be riding a bicycle carrying her boarding school luggage — for nearly 15km from her rural village to the nearest train station.
Even today, as most parts of our continent are still grossly underdeveloped, pupils as young as 12 years have to travel each day more than 10km to school.
We know the education systems in most parts of Africa leave a lot to be desired — as there are no books, and pupils learn under trees — even in rain — there are no qualified teachers, and some even have to cross flooded rivers in times of rain — but, such has not deterred us to crave for education.
That is why a huge number of Africans are highly educated today — not only that, but also value the importance of hard work and perseverance.
No wonder, when these Africans come to the US, they take up high positions, whilst African-Americans will be acting all tough and cool on the streets, shooting cocaine and each other!
We also have had it tough from the days of white colonialism to today — when we still have to survive under the most unlivable and inhospitable conditions — but, we always manage to stay relatively morally upright, determined to succeed, and persevering.
Admittedly, Africa has its violent hotspots, however, these are largely geopolitical matters that we also seriously need to sort out ourselves — but, as communities, and individuals, we have managed to hold our own.
We understand how a vicious cycle of poverty, drugs, violence and crime would leave us in a trap — thus, we will do our best not involve ourselves in such.
Similarly, African-Americans need to know that the only key to their success and emancipation is with themselves.
It is not with some “Black Lives Matter” mantra — going around the streets demanding not to be shot by the police — but, for African-Americans to start by taking themselves seriously for a change.
Yes, clamouring for one’s human rights is very important — I should know, as a social justice activist — but, we do not hide our irresponsible behaviour, and lack of accountability under a shroud of activism.
We are very clear on what are our rights, and what are our responsibilities — these need to balance.
Start by choosing to have a sense of self-respect and value, embracing education, and choose a straight honest life free of gangsterism, drugs and violence.
Even if it may appear as if there are no career prospects for black people, no matter how educated, they should learn from us Africans — we have learnt to survive, without the need for crime.
We have become innovative in our self-empowerment ventures, in the midst of poverty and oppression, such that we manage to eke out a decent livelihood.
That is why, when we come to the US, we also manage to convert that business innovativeness, which we would have learnt in the midst of nothing, into very successful enterprises.
I do not have to rob my neighbour just because I am struggling.
Therefore, as African-Americans come out of Black History Month, it is time that they stopped blaming everyone around them for their own shameful behaviour, and acknowledged that the change they seek will largely come from themselves through a mindset change — and not from White House!
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Mixed Black Babies Will Never Put An End to Antiblack Racism
http://ashleighshackelford.com/articles/2017/1/14/psa-mixed-black-babies-will-never-put-an-end-to-antiblack-racism
--------------------------
Are Hispanics Too Stupid to Become Americans?
https://reason.com/archives/2013/05/17/are-hispanics-too-stupid-to-become-ameri
--------------------------
The Truth About Mixed-Race Couples
The stereotype that black-white mixed-race couples are typically black men hooking up with trashy, fat white women has a factual basis.
https://heartiste.wordpress.com/2013/06/24/the-truth-about-mixed-race-couples/
-------------------------
More data on racial mixing
http://racehist.blogspot.com/2009/04/more-data-on-racial-mixing.html
----------------------
Henry Louis Gates: "Exactly How 'Black' Is Black America?"
https://isteve.blogspot.com/2013/02/henry-louis-gates-exactly-how-black-is.html
-----------------------
Why A New Mixed Race Generation Will Not Solve Racism
https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/laurmjackson/multiracial-families-cant-save-the-world-from-racism
-------------------------
Eric Cartman Song ♪ Minorities at my Water Park ♪ lyrics karaoke - South Park
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3IN1QIpFT8--------------------
The Politics of South Park: Immigration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uW3JxUZpiYk----------------------
South Park: Eric Cartman on Jewish Immigration Conspiracy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9H6oUZcdN8----------------------
South Park - Where My Country Gone?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_My_Country_Gone%3F-------------------
South Park S1509 preview-The Last of the Meheecans
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEgi0BiToj4----------------
Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Transracial_Adoption_Study
--------------------
List of African Nobel laureates
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African_Nobel_laureates
---------------------
James Watson tells the inconvenient truth: Faces the consequences
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987708001540
----------------------
Defending the boundaries of science: AIDS denialism, peer review and the Medical Hypotheses saga
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2010.01312.x
---------------------
Is autism due to cerebral–cerebellum disconnection?
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987701915373
----------------------
Human balance, the evolution of bipedalism and dysequilibrium syndrome
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987706001009
-----------------------
Sampling (statistics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)
------------------------
What IQ Tests Test
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.110.9895&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Research Report DCSF-RR029
Minority Ethnic Pupils in the
Longitudinal Study of
Young People in England
Extension Report on Performance
in Public Examinations at Age 16
https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/7916/1/DCSF-RR029.pdf
--------------------------
List of countries by median age
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age
--------------------------
Total fertility rate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fertility_rate
-------------------------
Birth rates by country
https://www.google.com/search?q=birth+rates+by+country&biw=1265&bih=800&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjG9YPKv6_NAhWDFR4KHRkiD7AQ_AUIBygC#imgrc=_
------------------------
Fertility Transition: Is sub-Saharan Africa Different?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4011385/
------------------------
High fertility in sub-Saharan Africa.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2333491
-------------------------------
False-Positive fMRI Hits The Mainstream
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/neuroskeptic/2016/07/07/false-positive-fmri-mainstream/#.XFJKhM17mcz
--------------------
Human brain plasticity: an emerging view of the multiple substrates and mechanisms that cause cortical changes and related sensory dysfunctions after injuries of sensory inputs from the body
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165017302001923?via%3Dihub
--------------------
Denying the antecedent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denying_the_antecedent
--------------------
Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Brain Structure Changes during Extensive Learning
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/26/23/6314
--------------------
Statistical Methods in Psychology Journals
https://www.apa.org/science/leadership/bsa/statistical/tfsi-followup-report.pdf
--------------------
Towards a cognitive neuroscience of self-awareness
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763416300410
----------------------
Long-term effect of head trauma on intellectual abilities: a 16-year outcome study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2077538/
-------------------------
Traumatic Brain Injury and IQ
https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2017/05/17/traumatic-brain-injury-and-iq/
-----------------
Statistical inference and spatial patterns in correlates of IQ
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/52012911_Statistical_inference_and_spatial_patterns_in_correlates_of_IQ
-----------------
Racial IQ Differences among Transracial Adoptees: Fact or Artifact?
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/5/1/1/htm
-----------------
Living Under the French Hate Speech Laws
http://www.unz.com/article/living-under-the-french-hate-speech-laws/
{Look at how they now even have hate speech laws in France for people who try
and speak out against allowing a bunch of third world degenerates. It is simple, we must honor our ancient ancestors of Europe that fought dozens of times to kick out these third world brachycephalic degenerative savages from trying to kill off and genocide more whites. We must remove these third world groups out of Europe by force and by all means necessary}.
-----------------
List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_ranked_by_ethnic_and_cultural_diversity_llevel
-------------------
Lamarck rises from his grave: parental
environment-induced epigenetic inheritance in
model organisms and humans
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/brv.12322
---------------------
Canalization by Selection of de Novo Induced Mutations
http://www.genetics.org/content/206/4/1995
------------------
Thomas Sowell: Mexican IQ (Women)
https://www.google.com/search?q=thomas+sowell+mexican+iq+women&tbm=bks&cad=h
Agriculture and Evolution: A Reply to The Alternative Hypothesis
Ethnic Genetic Interests and Group Selection Does Exist: A Reply to JayMan
Ethnic Differences in Sleep, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndromes
North/South Differences in Italian IQ: Is Richard Lynn Right?
Refuting Afrocentrism Part 2: Are Italians Black?
Towards a Theory of Everyone: Chanda Chisala Rebuttal on the Nature of the Black-White IQ Gap
In Defense of Jason Richwine
Germany Begins to (Slightly) Wise Up: Will Begin IQ Testing “Migrants”
Leptin and its Role in the Sexual Maturity of Black Girls
Evolutionary Reasons for Suicide Bombings
Genetic Similarity Theory as a Cause for Ethnocentrism
Non-Western People are Abnormal to Our Societies
----------------------------
Human Biodiversity, IQ, Evolutionary Psychology, Epigenetics and Evolution
https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2017/07/27/origins-and-the-relationship-between-west-africans-and-hg-populations/
-----------------------
Education: Assumptions versus History: Collected Papers
https://books.google.com/books?id=iUHVDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT13&dq=thomas+sowell+mexican+iq+women&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidvIGSm_HWAhWKRiYKHZMMAYUQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=thomas%20sowell%20mexican%20iq%20women&f=false
---------------------------
Scans Show Female Brains Remain Youthful As Male Brains Wind Down
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/02/04/691356272/scans-show-womens-brains-remain-youthful-as-male-brains-wind-down
------------------
Offended?
https://encyclopediadramatica.rs/Nigger#/media/File:Curbstomp.gif
-------------------
Afro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro
{No one can grow an Afro quite like a black African. The answer is simple, time and time
again we see that genetics and race factor into biological traits and biological stamps
of humans.
Even after many generations of offspring that biological stamp continues on over time,
even if your offspring looks completely different. A good example is how many Africans, including many people around the world have European DNA, and there are several reasons for this}.
-----------------
China has an irrational fear of a “black invasion” bringing drugs, crime, and interracial marriage
https://qz.com/945053/china-has-an-irrational-fear-of-a-black-invasion-bringing-drugs-crime-and-interracial-marriage/
-----------
The Significance of Skin Color in Asian and Asian-American Communities: Initial Reflections
Why are Orientals with whiter skin and white Europeans on average the smarter races compared to darker skinned African, Mexican Arab and many South American cultures.
https://www.law.uci.edu/lawreview/vol3/no4/Jones.pdf
--------------
How did Asians go from being called “white” to “yellow”
In “The Travels of Marco Polo,” the people of China are described as “white.” Records left by eighteenth century missionaries also report the skin color of Japanese and other East Asian people as clearly white. Yet in the nineteenth century, this perception quietly gave way to descriptions as “yellow.” In travel books, scientific discourse, and works of art, portrayals of East Asians began presenting them as having yellow skin. What happened in between?In his 2011 book “Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking,” National Taiwan University professor Michael Keevak delves deeply into the origins and history of how and why East Asians went from being seen as “white” to being classified as “yellow.” The first suspect implicated in applying the “yellow” label to East Asian faces is the famed Carl Linnaeus (1707-78). At first, Linnaeus used the Latin adjective “fuscus,” meaning “dark,” to describe the skin color of Asians. But in the tenth edition of his 1758-9 “Systema Naturae,” he specified it with the term “luridus,” meaning “light yellow” or “pale.”
The first suspect implicated in applying the “yellow” label to East Asian faces is the famed Carl Linnaeus (1707-78). At first, Linnaeus used the Latin adjective “fuscus,” meaning “dark,” to describe the skin color of Asians. But in the tenth edition of his 1758-9 “Systema Naturae,” he specified it with the term “luridus,” meaning “light yellow” or “pale.”
http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/753623.html
-------------
{Notice how countries with whiter skinned Orientals are superior in science compared to
many of the areas with brown Orientals, this includes brown island Orientals we see more near the equator.
Notice how Korea, China and Japan are superior in science to countries with browner
Orientals such as Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia. We even see how these northern
Oriental countries such as China and Korea could overthrow these southern Oriental countries in a war.
Both Korea and China both have nuclear weapons as well. You could bet that Japan might have even surpassed both China and Korea if they were not defeated in World War II. We can actually even see how Japan was trying to control and rule a lot of the South Pacific before World War II as well.
A lot of people also underestimate the ability of Mongolians and their ancient technology around the times of Genghis Khan. It was said that many ancient Mongolians had red hair as well.
Look at how even the Inuit Oriental people have blonde hair that is built into their genetic code}.
-------------
Are there naturally red headed Asians?
https://www.quora.com/Are-there-naturally-red-headed-AsiansYes. There is a swath of areas from western China and Mongolia all the way to Turkey were there are some naturally red headed people. There is just much more movement of peoples in the past than most suppose.
What seem to be current population boundaries are not at all what they were in the past. As far east as Xinjiang in the Tarim Basin in Western China there are mummies of people with red hair and beards and more European features from 4,000 years ago to 500 BCE. All the men who were analyzed had a Y chromosome that is now mostly found in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Siberia, but rarely in China. The mitochondrial DNA, which passes down the female line, consisted of a lineage from Siberia and two that are common in Europe. Since both the Y chromosome and the mitochondrial DNA lineages are ancient, the researchers conclude the European and Siberian populations probably intermarried before entering the Tarim Basin some 4,000 years ago.
The current people who live in the Tarim Basin, the Uyghurs, are a Turkic people who came much later. But perhaps they intermarried because there are some red heads to this day. Analysis of genetic admixture in Uyghur using the 26 Y-STR loci system. The genetics of Uyghurs shows on the maternal line they are about 42% West Eurasian and 57% east Asian and on the paternal line about 65-70% West Eurasian. In any case there are some people in northern and western China like in Shaanxi and Xinjiang who have reddish hair.
There are plenty of people from these parts of China all the way across Central Asia to Turkey who have reddish hair and light eyes. This girl is Pashtun in Afghanistan. Besides the Bronze Age Celtic looking people who lived across central Asian there was also for centuries Greek run kingdom in what is now Afghanistan from 250 BCE to 10 AD. Then they were invaded by the the Yuezhi or Kushana who came from the east in what is now China and were also European looking.
There are also red headed Persians and Turks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Azeris, Turkmen, and many more. There have long been claims Udmurt people who live near the Ural mountains in Central Asia are the most red headed in the world. It is even said that Ghenghis Khan had reddish hair and green eyes and was part Kyrgyz. 16 million men across Asia where his empire once was are related to him. 1 in 200 men direct descendants of Genghis Khan - Gene Expression Genghis Khan's genetic legacy has competition This man is Kyrgyz.
--------------
Asians with Naturally Blonde Hair?...ARE REAL!
https://forums.soompi.com/en/topic/284882-asians-with-naturally-blonde-hairare-real/
----------------
Why Do Some People (Especially Red Heads) Have Freckles?
http://mentalfloss.com/article/71802/why-do-some-people-have-freckles-------------
Red Hair
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_hair
------------
{We can see how crude, ghetto and ignorant some blacks act, then you wonder why people
are so racist against black people. However, there are many good black people out there just as there are good people of all races and colors. This is why we think we should separate the distinct cultures so that none of these ancient cultures face extinction either. We must find places on this Earth so that the white man, the black man, the yellow man and the red man can all have their own area. We see that different cultures of people could be able to live in harmony until the day when the Earth is no longer habitable, but we see the past thousands of years that the world has always been at war. We must colonize space and ensure the survival and lineage of our DNA. This is why I believe we should regulate the races in space. We could have different races living in space, we should promote the survival of the white race with billions of white people in space. You could even have a space colony for Asians and even a black space colony.
Even now after reading all of this and seeing that blacks even endanger their own race by how they act, and that nothing will change tomorrow, blacks will continue to act like some crude gangster rapper while endangering their own race and all other races as well.
If I were in charge and it were my decision to get rid of most of the blacks, would I? I would just deport all blacks to Africa honestly, I don't want to kill blacks.
I think we should get rid of over 80% of the black race, from 1.3 billion people living in Africa to less than 300 million blacks total living on the planet.
I just believe we need segregation, and that blacks should belong segregated from other races
so that Orientals, whites and Hispanics all do not turn black. Black people are not as good of a
race to breed with as a white for many things in all honesty. Black people have the shortest lifespan, and the lowest average IQ besides Aboriginals. It just seems that many times on average that a black or a mixed race black mulatto people may not be as smart as a white or Oriental on average. However many blacks and mulatto people have had good inventions, and are actually about as smart as other highly intelligent inventors of other races. We see though that white western technology remains to have higher grade technology than third world countries and their sciences. This is why many would say why white western science and technology is superior to the rest of the world, including many scientists and inventors of their time. We do not hate non-whites, we just think we need segregation and to create different ethno-states for the races to enjoy different cultures. We do not want the white culture to face more war and genocide from what some would call multiculturalism and a new world plan to kill off white culture}.
-------------
Nigerian In China: Why Are People Here So Racist Towards Black People?
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/china-racist-black-people_us_576a9840e4b065534f485002
---------
Why are some Chinese people darker skinned than others?
https://www.quora.com/Why-are-some-Chinese-people-darker-skinned-than-others
----------
Why white skin is all the rage in Asia
HSINCHU, Taiwan —
Walking along a rushing stream in Hsinchu, Hilda Chu balanced an
umbrella in one hand and textbooks in the other. Her skin was ghostly
white. “I try hard to make my skin white,” said Chu, 18, a student at
National Tsing Hua University. “If my skin is lighter, I will be happier
because I think I look good. It makes my emotion better, yes.”
She's hardly alone. Asians spend an estimated $18 billion a year to appear pale.https://www.pri.org/stories/2009-11-25/why-white-skin-all-rage-asia
------------
Which tend to have purer Mongoloid Race gene, the Northern Chinese or Southern Chinese?
https://www.quora.com/Which-tend-to-have-purer-Mongoloid-Race-gene-the-Northern-Chinese-or-Southern-Chinese/answer/Collin-Spears-1?share=1&srid=tPyA
-----------
Hematologic differences between African-Americans and whites: the roles of iron deficiency and a-thalassemia on hemoglobin levels and mean corpuscular volume
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1895180/
----------------
Shaw: Hollywood discriminates against Asian Americans
http://www.iowastatedaily.com/opinion/shaw-hollywood-discriminates-against-asian-americans/article_47aa989e-7b62-11e8-843f-8b2c395ad12d.html
{We don't discriminate, look at how many movies already come out in Japan and China. We should keep white Hollywood separate from Bollywood and Chinese films. We even already have plenty of Oriental action movies being produced in America regardless}.
------------------
Unpacking the Anti-Blackness of the Asian-American Community
https://studybreaks.com/news-politics/unpacking-anti-blackness-asian-american-community/
----------
Eating while black in a Chinese restaurant: a grim lesson in racist division
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-eating-while-black-in-a-chinese-restaurant-a-grim-lesson-in-racist/
------------
Racism in Asia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_Asia
-----------
{We should deport the majority of blacks out of East Asia and ship them back to Africa}.
------------
Why is racism so big in Japan?
https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2123539/no-chinese-why-anti-china-racism-so-big-japan
-----------
Can Minorities Be Racist?
https://www.rifemagazine.co.uk/2018/07/can-minorities-be-racist/
{Minorities and non-whites are some of the most racist people, this is why whites try to make their own area and kick many of these racist white killers out of our white areas. It is sad when you see some people actually think how blacks or mixed race people cannot be racist. As we know many brown people want white people out of the picture and want a one world race. We must take population control, we must regulate race and population to stop brown people from currently trying to genocide off many higher IQ white people. If we cannot protect the white race from legal regulation, then we will defend the white race from the race war now being declared against the white man. We must save the white race from these corrupt governments, including these other corrupt groups that are now working together to kill off the white man. We must defend the white race by any means necessary, even if it means to take up arms and defend white society from these constant attacks against whites}.
-----------------
The story behind the racist responses to “Black Panther” in China
https://qz.com/quartzy/1231764/the-story-behind-the-racist-responses-to-black-panther-in-china/
---------------
The African migrants giving up on the Chinese dream
https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/26/asia/africans-leaving-guangzhou-china/
{My message to the Oriental people.
Even though we know many of you cheat on your IQ tests, we can see that on average Orientals
have much higher intelligence than people in Africa.
Orientals are smart, but a white Da Vinci, Tesla, biologically white Einstein (some say who was a Ashkenazi/Khazar biologically white Jew) has a different type of level of advanced intelligence. We do not want to kill off Orientals, we just think Orientals need their own areas to go, and why we should kick blacks out of areas in different parts of East Asia. We just think that we need population control, immigration control and race control so we could even have Orientals or even different races visiting and living in different areas of the planet. We just do not want different groups to try and genocide off whites or other races}.
----------------
The First Chinese were Black
http://www.trinicenter.com/FirstChinese.htm
{Many have a theory that Aborigines from Australia were the first humans, and that is why they are the least evolved humans, and that white humans are a new updated and smarter species of human. However, many people do not like this theory and have a difficult time believing that white humans came from such low IQ beings that would be considered by some to be a degenerate form of human. Some say that different humans in Asia tried to breed with other species of beings such as Denisovans. We also see many other theories, such as if humans could have evolved from Heidelbergensis, Graecopithecus, Australopithecus Homo habilis or Homo erectus.
It seems to many that Orientals mutated from another race of people or white people. Some question if Orientals could have eventually started to breed with white people, and why they evolved to become intelligent and white.
A couple theories were that Orientals mutated from either white people or brown people, or were created as their own separate species of humans from aliens.
Many Koreans claim that they are the superior Orientals. Many white skinned Koreans claim that many brown island Orientals with lower IQ are not as intelligent. Many northern white Orientals say that many of these brown looking Orientals are actually kind of like the Mexicans of Asia. We can see there are many intelligent orientals of different skin colors}.
------------------
Understanding skin
How does skin differ by ethnic group?
https://int.eucerin.com/about-skin/basic-skin-knowledge/skin-ethnics
-------------------
Human physical appearance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_physical_appearance
---------------------
How Neighborhoods Affect the Health and Well-Being of Older Americans
https://www.prb.org/todays-research-aging-neighborhoods-health/
-------------------
The 13 countries where people live the longest in the world
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/the-13-countries-where-people-live-the-longest-in-the-world-a7335321.html
{It seems that whites and Orientals live longer on average than blacks and Arabs}.
------------------
123-year-old Bolivian man is oldest living person ever documented
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/123-year-old-bolivian-man-oldest-living-person-ever-documented-flna6C10934840
{Some question if this person really lived to be 123 years old}.
-----------------------
Total body potassium differs by sex and race across the adult age span
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/78/1/72/4689899
--------------
Aging Differences in Ethnic Skin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756870/
------------------
List of the oldest people by country
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_people_by_country
{Some claim that some of these ages could be fake, such as the man who lived to be 123 in Bolivia. You even have articles that claim certain humans lived to be over 200 years old. Then you have people that claim that humans in the Bible used to live to be over 800 years old}.
---------------
Lagging Life Expectancy for Black Men: A Public Health Imperative
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4984780/
-------------
Why Black Americans Die Younger
https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/2015/01/05/black-americans-have-fewer-years-to-live-heres-why
--------------
Life Expectancy Gap Between Black and White Americans Narrower Than Ever
http://time.com/4322570/life-expectancy-black-americans/
----------------
Life Expectancy at Birth (in years), by Race/Ethnicity
https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/life-expectancy-by-re/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D
---------------
Life Expectancy Drops For White Women, Increases For Black Men
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/04/20/474884894/life-expectancy-drops-for-white-women-increases-for-black-men
----------------
Race and Life Expectancy: Winners and Losers
https://www.livescience.com/18823-race-life-expectancy-states.html
-----------------
List of U.S. counties with shortest life expectancy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._counties_with_shortest_life_expectancy
----------------
Income's Effect on Life Expectancy and Health Outcomes
https://www.mdmag.com/insights/racial-disparities-cardiovascular-disease/incomes-effect-on-life-expectancy-and-health-outcomes
-----------------
CDC: Life expectancy in US declines for second year in a row
https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/health/cdc-life-expectancy-declines-for-second-year-row/uEYI54lyoUpOj279HCufnO/
-----------------
Differences In Life Expectancy Due To Race And Educational Differences Are Widening, And Many May Not Catch Up
https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0746
------------------
New Studies Link U.S. Hispanics’ Longer Life Expectancy to Migration Patterns, Less Smoking
https://www.prb.org/hispanics-life-expectancy-migration-patterns/
----------------------
Life span for Detroit’s poor among shortest in nation
https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2016/06/02/life-span-detroits-poor-among-shortest-nation/85325864/
--------------------------
South Africa has the lowest life expectancy in the world
https://businesstech.co.za/news/general/118214/south-africa-has-the-lowest-life-expectancy-in-the-world/
--------------------------
10 Countries With The Shortest Life Expectancies
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-shortest-life-expectancies.html
---------------------------
List of countries by life expectancy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy
{Why would whites and Orientals with such a high life expectancy want to lower their life
expectancy average by trying to mix their genes with black Africans, many say that this would lower their offspring's life expectancy}.
---------------
25 Countries With The Lowest Life Expectancy In The World
https://list25.com/25-countries-with-the-lowest-life-expectancy-in-the-world/
---------------
The Best and Worst Countries in Terms of Life Expectancy
https://www.verywellhealth.com/global-life-expectancy-2224232
----------------
AGEING, OLDER PERSONSAND THE 2030 AGENDA FORSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
https://www.un.org/development/desa/ageing/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/UNDP_AARP_HelpAge_International_AgeingOlderpersons-and-2030-Agenda-2.pdf
-----------------
FYI: Why Do Old People Get So Hairy?
https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-05/fyi-why-do-old-people-get-so-hairy
------------------
Why Some Women Look Young for Their Age
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0008021
-------------------
Here’s Why You May Be Aging Faster Than Your Friends
http://time.com/3946850/slow-down-aging/
--------------------
Stereotypes of Aging: Their Effects on the Health of Older Adults
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jger/2015/954027/
---------------------
What happened when scientists put African Americans on an African diet and Africans on an American diet
https://thinkprogress.org/what-happened-when-scientists-put-african-americans-on-an-african-diet-and-africans-on-an-american-5b5c5aec6e1e/
---------------------
Sex, Race, Brains, and Calipers
http://discovermagazine.com/1993/oct/sexracebrainsand288------------------------
Are Blacks Predisposed to Be Less Healthy Than Whites?
Researchers are too quick to accept genetic differences between the races as an explanation for health disparities
http://ideas.time.com/2012/06/11/are-blacks-predisposed-to-be-less-healthy-than-whites/
--------------------------
Adult Obesity in the US: Obesity Problems Affecting the African American Community
https://www.aawellnessproject.org/obesity-affecting-african-americans/
-------------------------
Exploring the Causes of Black Women’s Obesity
http://www.bu.edu/today/2012/exploring-the-causes-of-black-womens-obesity/
-------------
Does Race Affect Weight? BMI Differs Among The Races According To Muscle Mass And Fat Distribution
https://www.medicaldaily.com/does-race-affect-weight-bmi-differs-among-races-according-muscle-mass-and-fat-397199
--------------
Sex and Race Differences in Fat Distribution among Asian, African-American, and Caucasian Prepubertal Children
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090611142407.htm
---------------
Sex and Race Differences in Fat Distribution among Asian, African-American, and Caucasian Prepubertal Children
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/87/5/2164/2847066
---------------
Measures of body composition in blacks and whites: a comparative review
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/71/6/1392/4729362
----------------
Body fat distribution in white and black women: different patterns of intraabdominal and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue utilization with weight loss
INTRODUCTION
Intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) is the body fat depot most strongly related to the metabolic abnormalities of obesity. In turn, weight reduction was used and recommended to reduce abdominal obesity and its associated health risks. Because of the methodologic difficulties in measuring IAAT, selected anthropometric measurements were recommended as surrogate markers for visceral adipose tissue. Waist circumference is commonly used because it correlates well with IAAT, even during weight loss, and it appears to accurately reflect the relation between visceral adipose tissue and health-related risk.
Because of racial differences in risk of obesity-related health problems, attention has focused on the association between risk factors and abdominal fat distribution patterns in white and black people. Relative to their total fat mass or degree of obesity, black women and children have a lower distribution of adipose tissue as IAAT than as subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) than do white women and children. IAAT is associated with different metabolic risk factors in black women than in white women and may be less predictive of health risk in black women, although both groups of women may benefit from weight reduction.
Little is known about the effects of weight loss on relative changes in visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat distribution in overweight white and black people. Nor is it known whether changes in waist circumference accurately reflect changes in abdominal fat distribution in these racial groups. Hence, the purpose of this study was to prospectively examine abdominal fat distribution patterns of overweight white and black women, before and after weight loss, relative to those of never-overweight control women.
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/74/5/631/4737454
-----------------
Why are there race/ethnic differences in adult body mass index–adiposity relationships? A quantitative critical review
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4968570/
-----------------
Why Do We Age Differently?
Aging isn’t just about wrinkles. Most of us hear the word aging and think one thing: wrinkles. Or at most, two things: wrinkles and sagging skin. But according to dermatologists, the majority of people experience a combination of wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, loss of elasticity, and loss of volume (meaning the opposite of flatness), as they age. How fun. On top of that, the texture and color of your skin affect the likelihood of it exhibiting these characteristics. With the march of time, elastin and collagen become looser (collagen even eventually stops being produced over time). Fat cells also start to shrink.
“Thick” skin is a literal compliment. Traditionally, Dr. Liotta explains that if you have thicker skin, the signs of aging are less noticeable. “When the dermis is thicker, cells are more densely packed together and more compact. You don’t see fine lines and wrinkles as much.” DNA determines whether you were born with thick skin. But Dr. Liotta confirms that genetically, those with more melanin-rich skin (such as Hispanic, Mediterranean, Asian-American, and African-American people) are pre-disposed to have thicker skin, resulting in wrinkles that look less prominent. Ever wonder why wrinkles are more noticeable on your forehead or under the eyes? That’s where skin is thinnest.
Don’t fat-shame your skin. Plump skin actually has positive connotations, attributed to youth. In South Korea, the beauty ideal for skin is something called chok chok — a term that means “plump and moist.” According to Dr. Liotta, your genetics can determine whether you have higher fat content in deeper areas of the skin. While you may bemoan that composition in other parts of your body, for your face, it means that you can “maintain that plump, hydrated look for longer.” She also confirms that African-American and Asian people tend to have higher fat content in their skin.
https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101977723
------------------
Can your ethnicity affect your weather tolerance?
https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/can-ethnicity-affect-weather-tolerance.htm
--------------
Inequality in disease
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inequality_in_disease
----------
Body Odor and Race
https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101977723#h=1
IT WAS one summer in the early 1960’s, in Arkansas. Two black girls, about eight and ten years of age, would soon be entering a school with whites. Previously, they had attended a rural segregated school.
One day a white woman, who had befriended the girls, asked the younger one: “Pam, what do you think about going to school with white children?” She replied, rather hesitantly: “Well, I don’t know. Now, I don’t mean you, Miz Cruder, but white folks, you know, they smell funny,” and her little nose wrinkled up at the prospect.
This is commonly believed by blacks. Youngsters apparently pick up the idea, not so much from firsthand experience as from what they have heard. But how did this idea that whites have a different, disagreeable odor get started? In large part, it may be in reaction to the long-held views that whites have of blacks.
In centuries past, when blacks were slaves and considered as property, whites often spoke about their body odor. In his recent book Race, John R. Baker says: “The authors of earlier centuries remarked on this subject with greater freedom than those of the present day. Thus Henry Home, in his Sketches of the History of Man, refers to the ‘rank smell’ of Negroes. In a work published in the same year (1774), The History of Jamaica, Long says that the Negroes are distinguished by their ‘bestial or fetid smell, which they all have to a greater or lesser degree.’”
This came to be a generally accepted view among whites. Since blacks were believed to be biologically inferior, having crossed a supposed evolutionary threshold of humanness later than whites, it is not surprising that whites should reach this conclusion
A Widespread Belief
However, it is not just blacks and whites who believe that the other race has a different, objectionable body odor. Melville Jacobs and Bernhard J. Stern, in their book General Anthropology, observed: “Few notions regarding race differences are more widely believed than the idea that each race has its distinctive odor.”
As an example, much was written in centuries past about a specific Jewish odor. Also, the Japanese anatomist Buntaro Adachi wrote that he found the body odor of Europeans to be very objectionable. This was his first impression when settling in Europe, but later he said that he became accustomed to the smell and liked it.
An experience told about an English physician stationed in Bombay, India, is also illuminating. He would have his Indian servant call him from his church on Sunday mornings to impress the congregation with his importance as a medical man. One day the physician attended a large Indian political gathering, but left after a short while, explaining to his servant: “What a relief to get out! In another ten minutes I should have collapsed. The smell!”’ His servant replied: “Ah, Sahib, now you will understand what I suffer every Sunday when I have to go right to the middle of the church to call you out!”
What are we to conclude? That the smell of different races is only a figment of people’s imagination? If it is not, what causes certain races to have different body odors? Is it because of racial inheritance?
-----------
Why Do We Age Differently?
https://www.thecut.com/2017/02/the-science-behind-why-some-people-naturally-age-slower.html
--------
On the peculiarities of the Negro brain
Some racial peculiarities of the Negro brain is the title of a long and technical paper by the anthropologist Robert Bennett Bean, published in the American Journal of Anatomy in 1906. It is one of a series of scientific papers written by Bean in the early 20th Century, in which he tried to provide scientific evidence of the inferiority of black people.
A descendant of Thomas Jefferson, Bean was born on March 24th, 1874, in a town called Gala in Virginia County. He graduated from Johns Hopkins Medical School in 1904, and, between the years of 1905-1907, was an instructor in anatomy at the University of Michigan. It is during this period of his life that Bean began his investigations into "the Negro brain".
In his comparisons of the brains of blacks and whites, Bean relied heavily on anthropometry and craniometry. He obtained most of his specimens from the Anatomical Laboratory and the Pathological Department at Johns Hopkins University, and some were given to him by a Dr. Page from the Baltimore City Alms House. Bean obtained 152 brains in total, of which 49 were from blacks, and 103 from whites. He dissected the specimens and drew outlines of individual brains to illustrate his paper. On the left is figure 5. The legend reads:
Negro male, age 45, No. 1681, length 163 cm., large and fat. Vertical, transverse sections. Section not quite transverse. No. 1 about 15 mm. from anterior end of brain; No. 2 about 45 mm. S, superior surface; R, right side. One third natural size.
Bean focuses on the corpus callosum, the bundle of approximately 100 million nerve fibres connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain. The corpus callosum is divided anatomically into 4 regions. Anteriorly, the genu connects the left and right frontal lobes; the splenium connects the more posterior structures of the two hemispheres. Bean painstakingly tries to demonstrate that the genu is smaller in blacks than in whites, and to relate this to specific traits of both races:
It is generally understood that the posterior association center is objective, while the anterior association center is subjective, the one representing the powers of conception in the concrete, the other, the powers of thought in the abstract. The relative differences [between the brains of blacks and whites] is suggestive in relation to the known to the known characteristics of the two. The Caucasian is subjective, the Negro objective. The Caucasian...is dominant and domineering, and possessed primarily with determination, will power, self-control, self-government...with a high development of the ethical and aesthetic values...[whereas the] Negro is primarily affectionate, immensely emotional, then sensual and under stimulation passionate. There is love of ostentation...love of music, and capacity for melodious atriculation; there is undeveloped artistic power and taste...instability of character incident to lack of self-control, especially in connection with the sexual relation.
https://scienceblogs.com/neurophilosophy/2007/07/29/on-the-peculiarities-of-the-ne
---------
Racial Identity and the Development of BodyImage Issues among African American AdolescentGirls
https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1937&context=tqr
-----------
Weight stigma and race: an empirical application of intersectionality
https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2018/09/weight-stigma-race-empirical-application-intersectionality.html
-----------
RACE, EVOLUTION
AND BEHAVIOR:
A Life History Perspective
http://www.harbornet.com/folks/theedrich/JP_Rushton/Race.htm
------------
Dutch experiment with 'Tinder for orangutans'
https://www.sbs.com.au/news/dutch-experiment-with-tinder-for-orangutans?cx_navSource=related-side-cx#cxrecs_s
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
Chapter 5: Biohacking
---------------------
---------------------
----------------------
Worldwide IQ estimates based on education data
https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2017/09/05/worldwide-iq-estimates-based-on-education-data/
-----------------------
Modafinil is the first confirmed drug that makes you smarter
https://www.zmescience.com/medicine/mind-and-brain/modafinil-smart-drug-534534/
----------------------
Can You Raise Your IQ? How Smart Drugs, Brain Training Affect Intelligence And Cognition
https://www.medicaldaily.com/can-you-improve-your-intelligence-how-smart-drugs-brain-training-affect-395171
----------------------
Can smart pills and brain hacks make us more intelligent?
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3vf6VMNZkP56jRcljFnlmvG/can-smart-pills-and-brain-hacks-make-us-more-intelligent
---------------------
Adventures in brain-hacking: how an electrical stimulator boosted my IQ
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/feb/07/brain-hacking-smart-drugs-electrical-stimulation-iq-mensa-modafinil
-----------------------
Most powerful brain enhancer EVER? Drug BANNED by universities is now approved
https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/882763/drug-brain-plus-iq-limitless
-----------------------
High IQ linked to drug use
http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/11/14/high-iq-linked-to-drug-use/
----------------------
The Plot Thickens in the Gnarly Story of IQ and Genetics
Researchers are finding new links between specific genes and intelligence. Can we use this knowledge to make people smarter?
https://medium.com/neodotlife/intelligence-genes-eb18c5ef759c
---------------------
Is It Possible to Make People Smarter?
Maps of “intelligence genes” are being assembled, but their practical applications are not yet clear.
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/540726/is-it-possible-to-make-people-smarter/
-------------------------
Are Humans Getting Smarter or Dumber?
https://www.livescience.com/37095-humans-smarter-or-dumber.html
---------------------------
Eating fish can make you smarter
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8846225/Eating-fish-can-make-you-smarter.html
-----------------------------
{Many Nordic people lived off fish and salmon year-round, salmon is also one of the healthiest fish to eat, containing extra omega-3's to help with nourishment for the body and brain. Many say that Nordic people were able to maintain their giant body mass because they had plenty of food to eat year-round. We can see how the Middle East is a lot of desert and not as much food, and the same with places such as Tibet, and this is why many people living in these areas were malnourished. Many say that this is also why some groups of people are smaller and shorter than others, however this may not always be the case. We can see how if we have multiple generations of starving people, how they might not fully develop in height or fully develop their muscles. We see how Polynesians are able to fish year-round and also have some of the biggest people in the world as well.
Many Africans are very ignorant and do not even know how to farm properly to feed themselves, their family or other villagers. We can even see white South Africans teaching black Africans how to farm, because many black people lack the education for the basic survival needs. Then we wonder why the life expectancy is again also lower in blacks, could this be from genetics, environment or of course both}.
-----------------------------
Are You Smarter Than Your Grandfather? Probably Not.
Senility isn’t the answer; IQ scores are increasing with each generation. In a new book, political scientist James Flynn explains why
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/are-you-smarter-than-your-grandfather-probably-not-150402883/
----------------------------
Why our IQ levels are higher than our grandparents
https://www.ted.com/talks/james_flynn_why_our_iq_levels_are_higher_than_our_grandparents/discussion
---------------------------
DNA Discoverer: Blacks Less Intelligent Than Whites
https://www.foxnews.com/story/dna-discoverer-blacks-less-intelligent-than-whites-----------------------------
Dyslexia: Some very smart accomplished people cannot read well
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091217150838.htm
---------------------------
Here's the best way to reduce your IQ
https://dpalank.wordpress.com/2015/05/08/heres-the-best-way-to-reduce-your-iq/
-------------------------
How to biohack your intelligence?—with everything from sex to modafinil to MDMA
https://hackernoon.com/biohack-your-intelligence-now-or-become-obsolete-97cdd15e395f
--------------------------
Brain Hacking
https://news.eeginfo.com/brain-hacking/
-------------------------
What Is Brain Hacking and What Can We Do With It?
https://www.labroots.com/trending/videos/12946/brain-hacking-it
-----------------------------
Brain-Hacking Tech Gets Real: 5 Companies Leading the Charge
https://www.livescience.com/59326-companies-investing-in-brain-hacking-tech.html
------------------------------
The Elon Musk Effect: 8 Big Industries Brain Hacking Could Transform
https://www.cbinsights.com/research/industries-transformed-brain-hacking-tech/
------------------------------
Brain hacking: What Bill Gates and other tech titans want with our mind
https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/brain-hacking-what-bill-gates-other-tech-titans-want-our-n833156
-------------------------------
Brain implants are reportedly prone to hacking
https://nypost.com/2018/10/31/brain-implants-are-reportedly-prone-to-hacking/
---------------------------------
Brain-hacking & memory black market: Cybersecurity experts warn of imminent risks of neural implants
https://www.rt.com/news/442800-brain-implants-hacking-security/
---------------------------------
An early investor in Facebook and Google has slammed them for 'aggressive brain hacking'
https://www.businessinsider.com/famous-facebook-and-google-investor-condemns-brain-hacking-2017-8
------------------------------------
Brain Hacking: Tech Companies Hijack Your Attention
https://nationalpsychologist.com/2017/05/brain-hacking-tech-companies-hijack-your-attention/103876.html
-------------------------------------
Elon Musk Hints at Advances in ‘Neural Lace’ Brain Hacking Tech
https://hacked.com/elon-musk-hints-advances-neural-lace-brain-hacking-tech/
--------------------------------------
In not-too-distant future, brain hackers could steal your deepest secrets
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/01/in-not-too-distant-future-brain-hackers-could-steal-your-deepest-secrets/
--------------------------------------
Super-strong, genetically-engineered dogs -- Could they cure Parkinson's disease?
https://www.cnn.com/2015/10/28/world/china-mutant-dogs-genetic-engineering/
------------------------
How Gene Editing Could Ruin Human Evolution
http://time.com/4626571/crispr-gene-modification-evolution/
---------------------
Meet the human guinea pig who hacked his own DNA
Biohacker Josiah Zayner injected himself with CRISPR, a powerful gene editing technology, to biohack the muscle cells in his forearm.
On Oct. 4 at a biotechnology conference in San Francisco, Zayner says he injected himself with CRISPR, the powerful gene editing technology, to biohack the muscle cells in his forearm. "Well, it's not necessarily that I want bigger muscles," he says. "The thing is, that this is the first time in history that we are no longer slaves to our genetics. We no longer have to live with the genetics we had when we were born. Technologies like CRISPR and other genetic modification technologies allow adult humans to modify the cells in their body."
https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/diy-dna-hacks-wounds-take-longer-to-heal-at-night-why-daydreams-are-good-quirks-bombs-and-more-1.4395576/meet-the-human-guinea-pig-who-hacked-his-own-dna-1.4395589
--------------------
Gene therapy for ultimate human running speed and strength
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2008/08/gene-therapy-for-ultimate-human-running.html
---------------------
The Era of Human Gene Editing Is Here—What Happens Next Is Critical
https://singularityhub.com/2017/07/31/the-era-of-human-gene-editing-is-here-what-happens-next-is-critical/#sm.01grurjq199oe2n11of2oe3dqy4vq
-------------
What side effects would a genetically enhanced 10 times stronger human have?
https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/57814/what-side-effects-would-a-genetically-enhanced-10-times-stronger-human-have
----------------------
Genetic Engineering Will Create Super-Intelligent Humans Within a Decade
Because intelligence is such a strong genetic trait, rapidly advancing genetics research could result in the ability to create a class of super-intelligent humans one-thousand times higher in IQ than today's most brilliant thinkers.
https://bigthink.com/ideafeed/genetic-engineering-will-create-super-intelligent-humans-within-a-decade
--------------------
A Swedish Scientist Is Using CRISPR to Genetically Modify Healthy Human Embryos
https://www.sciencealert.com/a-swedish-scientist-is-using-crispr-to-genetically-modify-healthy-human-embryos
----------------------
Q: How could genetic engineering be used to improve intelligence?
http://www.mitchellhowe.com/QAGeneticEngineeringForIQ.html
------------------------------------------------
Real-Life X-Men: How CRISPR Could Give You Superpowers in the Future
https://www.synthego.com/blog/could-crispr-make-x-men-a-realistic-possibility
-------------------------
The ‘Monstrous’ Immorality of Creating Genetically Engineered Babies
A scientist claims he used CRISPR to create gene-edited twins
https://medium.com/s/story/the-monstrous-immorality-of-creating-genetically-engineered-babies-6c7e409c9490
--------------------------
Breakthrough as human eggs developed in the lab for first time
Developing eggs from earliest stages to maturity could open the door to new approach to fertility preservation
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/feb/09/breakthrough-as-human-eggs-developed-in-the-lab-for-first-time
-------------------
Tweaking a gene makes muscles twice as strong
Salk scientists and their collaborators find new avenue for treating muscle degeneration in people who can't exercise
https://www.salk.edu/news-release/tweaking-a-gene-makes-muscles-twice-as-strong/
------------------
{If we can tweak genes, does this mean that you could make people lift many times their own body weight. We can see that Different animals such as ants are able to lift many times their weight. What if you could edit genes to tweak a human gene to be able to bench press many thousands of pounds}.
--------------
A CRISPR Future: Five Ways Gene Editing Will Transform Our World
Eradicating pathogens. Treating genetic conditions. Growing more healthy food. What can't CRISPR do?
https://futurism.com/crispr-genetic-engineering-change-world
--------------------
{Some people ask me what is my opinion on designer babies. It often takes a while for some people to refine an opinion on many subjects in life.
I would say right now I am pretty up in the air on what to do.
You have many people that say we should edit genes and we could reduce genetic disorders in all people, then you have people that say we should not tamper with genes.
Is it a good idea to have designer babies and to tamper with the DNA of humans?
I think we should regulate race on the planet first off.
I think that if you did or didn't have designer children, that we need to save white people from genocide. We should regulate the white race as the majority race in white western nations and white ethno-states.
Some say that designer children could be a way to save the white race, and that we might have to use machines to repopulate the human race in a global catastrophe with major primate collapse.
I am for doing more things naturally, I do not see a problem with surrogate children.
I have now changed my mind, now that after I see 3 retards in my high school have kids. We need to regulate and restrict certain people from trying to have more retarded children and have the government pay for it.
We honestly are going to have to get a lot of the beta males out of our society if humanity is
to survive.
We question what many would even think about having a plan so that if the white race faced extinction, would many of you be OK with having plans to repopulate the white race and regulate the races to be fair. We know many people are calling for a one world brown race, but we do not think this would be fair to white people or Orientals. Some say that if a species dies off, that it is meant to be, and that we should not repopulate extinct races of people. To me it sounds like genocide if you want to kill off all whites and not even have a plan to bring back our own very people. Shame on all of you that want to destroy the white race. White people will fight to defend our lineage and DNA from genocide by other races or species of beings}.
----------------------------
Genetic modification and genetic determinism
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1524970/
--------------------------
What are the ethical concerns about genome editing?
https://www.genome.gov/27569225/what-are-the-ethical-concerns-about-genome-editing/
---------------------------
Genetically modified 'designer babies' might be okay, according to a top ethics council
https://www.businessinsider.com/designer-babes-made-by-editing-embryos-ethics-2018-7
----------------------------------
Genetic Engineering Will Make Income Inequality Much Worse
https://www.forbes.com/sites/eriksherman/2017/08/20/genetic-engineering-will-make-income-inequality-much-worse/#5cf71ae33d75
-----------------------------------
Home Hacking Threats: How Safe is Your Personal Tech?
https://iqinit.uk/home-hacking-threats-how-safe-is-your-personal-tech/
--------------------
The dangers of connected cars
https://www.automotive-iq.com/autonomous-drive/articles/dangers-connected-cars
---------------------
Phoenix man says hacker talked to him through a Nest security camera in his home
https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/consumers/2018/12/03/phoenix-man-hacker-broke-talked-nest-security-cam-home/2115698002/
----------------------
Brain Hacking: Rewire Your Mind to Have It All
https://www.slideshare.net/mega7271/brain-hacking-rewire-your-mind-to-have-it-all
--------------------------------------
Laser used to control mouse's brain — and speed up milkshake consumption
https://www.nature.com/news/laser-used-to-control-mouse-s-brain-and-speed-up-milkshake-consumption-1.20995
-----------------------------
Lasers that control your brain
http://blog.donders.ru.nl/?p=6883&lang=en
--------------------------------
Optogenetics: controlling brain cells with lasers
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18353-optogenetics-controlling-brain-cells-with-lasers/
----------------------------------
Lasers: The Key to Mind Control?
http://sites.bu.edu/ombs/2011/02/02/lasers-the-key-to-mind-control/
----------------------------------
Laser-Controlled Humans Closer to Reality
https://www.wired.com/2009/04/lasercontrolledhumans/
---------------------------------
With Holography, Mind Control Through Lasers is Now a Thing
https://www.geek.com/science/with-holography-mind-control-through-lasers-is-now-a-thing-1739933/
-----------------------------------
Scientists use laser-powered mind control to make flies flirt
Neurons treated with a heat-activated protein were activated with infrared lasers to trigger courtship behaviour
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/scientists-use-laser-powered-mind-control-to-make-flies-flirt-9165755.html
-----------------------------------
Laser application in neurosurgery
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5691557/
----------------------
Laser-Controlled And See-Through Brains Get Biomedical Prize
https://www.popsci.com/laser-controlled-and-see-through-brains-get-biomedical-prize
---------------------
Single Worm Neurons Remotely Controlled with Lasers
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/single-worm-neurons/
----------------------
Mind control lasers turn mice into killer rodents with the flip of a switch
https://www.rt.com/viral/373542-mind-control-lasers-mice/
------------------------
BRAIN Initiative Bets On Wearable Scanners, Laser-Controlled Cells
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/09/30/352814692/brain-initiative-bets-on-wearable-scanners-laser-controlled-cells
-----------------------
Magnetic Fields Can Remotely Control Brain Cells in Mice
https://www.livescience.com/60273-magnetic-waves-control-brain-activity.html
----------------------
Exploring the Ethics of “Brain Hacking”
https://examinedexistence.com/exploring-the-ethics-of-brain-hacking/
----------------------
Could VR turn “The Matrix” into reality? Yes, and here’s why that’s AWESOME
Human batteries? No. Epic data processing and visualization? NOW you’re talking.
https://medium.com/cinematicvr/could-vr-turn-the-matrix-into-reality-yes-and-heres-why-that-s-awesome-89e2a121177f
-----------------------
Watch gamers complete a virtual puzzle using only their BRAIN in groundbreaking 'Matrix' experiment
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4009828/Watch-people-complete-virtual-game-using-BRAIN-groundbreaking-Matrix-experiment.html
------------------------
------------------------
------------------------
Chapter 6: Athletic Ability
------------------------
------------------------
------------------------
Density of lean body mass is greater in blacks than in whites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6735823
------------------------
Kirill Sarychev Lifts World Record Raw Powerlifting Total At 2,386.5 lbs
https://barbend.com/kirill-saychev-lifts-world-record-raw-powerlifting-total/
-----------------
Powerlifter Tom Kallas Grinds for an Epic All-Time World Record Squat
https://barbend.com/powerlifter-tom-kallas-squat-world-record/
-------------
WATCH: Russian Powerlifter Vlad Alhazov Breaks Raw Squat World Record
https://generationiron.com/watch-russian-powerlifter-vlad-alhazov-breaks-raw-squat-world-record/
{A white Russian that lives in Israel, he must be a Jew, this is multiple times that white Jews have held records in weightlifting.
We can obviously see that these weightlifters are biologically white. Many even say how many of these so-called Jews are just Eastern European Khazars, and that their families converted to Judaism long ago}.
---------------------
Watch: Powerlifter Squats 1,036 Pounds, Breaks World Record
https://www.mensjournal.com/health-fitness/watch-powerlifter-squats-1036-pounds-breaks-world-record/
---------------------
{One Oriental claims that football teams discriminate against Orientals, and why you don't see many Orientals on football teams. Why it is that we don't see many East Indians win MMA tournaments or boxing, and that it is usually a white, black or Hispanic that wins, sometimes Orientals will win tournaments as well. On occasion we will see a Middle Eastern type person win tournaments as well, but not as often. We now see the NFL trying to recruit some of the Polynesian Sumo looking Orientals to play in the NFL.
What I finally realized is that some Orientals are not as good in MMA sometimes, but that Orientals are good in Judo and sweep competitions because they have short stocky legs.
We do see some good fighters still in Asia, but there is a reason why we don't see many Orientals, East Indians or Arabs winning in MMA compared to Whites, blacks and Hispanics, and I am saying this from a prespective of thinking like a sports gambler. Are you going to bet on the average white, black or Hispanic guy you see winning the fights on TV, or are you going to bet your money on some Paki to win the fight? Of course Arabs and Pakis will sometimes win fights but the rate they win is not as high.
There are not many Orientals in the NBA, and some Orientals that are in the NBA have a condition called gigantism, this why they are so tall to even begin with, an example would be such as Yao Ming. Basketball may not be the best sport for Orientals, but they do well in other sports.
Blacks ruined the NBA and the NBA has become a nuisance organization to appease these low IQ monkeys. Look at all the low IQ black gangsters the NBA now promotes and continues to degrade America. The last thing I want to see would be a bunch of politically correct monkeys throwing around a basketball that have no honor. I would rather go watch some classic basketball game from the 1970s than have to watch the garbage they put on in the NBA these days.
Whites and Orientals also have jobs to be scientists, doctors and to help society. Then we can see how some blacks who are not very educated resort to playing sports to make a living. Many of these pro basketball players are no where near the skill level in smarts as many scientists.
We urge people to stop trying to worship blacks in sports, and for colleges to stop promoting low IQ idiots with scholarships over smarter students. Going to school is for learning so that people can better the planet, this is why many schools don't even have a basketball team. However, athletics gives people a chance to develop in many ways as well and why many schools offer sports. I think people should learn sports and athletics growing up.
I am tired of seeing a bunch of low IQ wannabe gangster rapper idiots throw a basketball around.
Some say that if we stopped basketball in college, then we would have less of these low IQ morons attending college that never even wanted to attend in the first place, these morons are even taking up a seat for the next Louis Pasteur. We do not like how politically correct the NFL and NBA have become, many of these groups try to cater so much to these low IQ blacks that it is disgusting. If anything the NBA has now ruined a lot of the culture in America}.
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Scientists Theorize Why Black Athletes Run Fastest
https://www.livescience.com/10716-scientists-theorize-black-athletes-run-fastest.html
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Race and sports
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_sports
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Science on racial differences
http://www.ironbarkresources.com/defendingfreespeech/dfs05racescience.htm
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Gigantism And Acromegaly Explained: Why Taller People Can Die Earlier Than Most
Being taller is ideal in many Western cultures, especially for men. But most people don’t realize that our height also affects the number of cells in our bodies, as well as the size of our organs. And this can have a tremendous effect on our health; having more cells increases a person’s chances of receiving a cancer diagnosis. The case against having larger organs continues — a larger heart, also known as cardiomegaly, is a condition that can lead to various complications, including heart failure, blood clots, and sudden death. Taller people also face a higher chance of respiratory illness, possibly because their lungs aren’t able to function as efficiently.
https://www.medicaldaily.com/gigantism-acromegaly-why-tall-people-die-374890
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NBA prospect Jonathan Jeanne diagnosed with Marfan syndrome
https://sports.yahoo.com/nba-prospect-jonathan-jeanne-diagnosed-000905623.html-------------
Marfan Syndrome Images
https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A2KLfSvU625cwCMAx0BXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTB0N2Noc21lBGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNwaXZz?p=Marfan+syndrome&fr2=piv-web&fr=yfp-t
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(Marfan) How is the body affected?
https://www.marfan.org/about/body-systemsHeart and blood vessels (cardiovascular system)
- Enlarged or bulging aorta, the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body (aortic dilation or aneurysm)
- Separation of the layers of the aorta that can cause it to tear (aortic dissection)
- “Floppy” mitral valve (mitral valve prolapse-MVP)
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Who are the Nilotes? Tallest, Darkest and Thinnest People on Earth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Tsj9-aV70w
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Pilot study finds poorer outcomes for African-Americans with rheumatoid arthritis
Arthritis and resulting disabilities appear worse in African-Americans
https://source.wustl.edu/2005/07/pilot-study-finds-poorer-outcomes-for-africanamericans-with-rheumatoid-arthritis/
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The Black American Amputation Epidemic
May 19, 2020
Black patients were losing limbs at triple the rate of others
https://features.propublica.org/diabetes-amputations/black-american-amputation-epidemic/?utm_source=pocket-newtab
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Enlarged Hearts More Common in Blacks
Condition Linked Mostly to High Blood Pressure
June 6, 2005 -- Enlarged hearts are two to three times more common in black Americans than in white Americans, a new study shows. Studies of health disparities often show that black Americans suffer more heart disease than white Americans. But these studies often don't use
sophisticated tests, and often don't adequately account for factors, such as body mass, that affect heart health.
https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-failure/news/20050606/enlarged-hearts-more-common-in-blacks
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Heart failure is different for African Americans
Find out why
https://www.bidil.com/about-heart-failure/african-americansThe African American community is at a much higher risk for heart failure (HF) in part because high blood pressure (BP) and diabetes are more common in African Americans than in other ethnic groups. Both of these conditions affect the way your heart works and how blood flows in your body. Some scientists suspect that low levels of nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels, may also play a role.
High blood pressure High BP is the most common cause of HF in African Americans. High BP affects African Americans more than any other group. Researchers have also learned that high BP causes more damage to organs, including the kidneys and heart, in African Americans.
High BP is called a "silent killer" for good reason. Without regular BP checkups, it can go unnoticed, gradually wearing down your heart and blood vessels.3 Taking medicine to lower your BP as needed and adopting some heart-healthy habits can go a long way toward preventing HF in people with high BP.
Diabetes A higher rate of diabetes may also be to blame for the higher risk of HF in African Americans. Diabetes has been called an epidemic in the African American community, particularly among women.
Type 2 diabetes (which usually doesn't begin until you're an adult) is the most common form of diabetes. Without proper management, diabetes can damage organs, including the heart, and weaken the heart muscle and the blood vessels around the heart, resulting in HF.
The nitric oxide connection Researchers have started to think that some aspects of basic body chemistry may work differently depending on race/ethnicity. This theory, as yet unproven, is based on studies showing that African Americans sometimes respond differently to medicines than people from other ethnic backgrounds.
For example, studies show that African Americans may be more likely to have problems with their blood vessels being able to relax. This narrows the blood vessels and makes it harder for blood to get through. Some researchers suggest this may have something to do with the amount of nitric oxide available in their bodies. Nitric oxide helps the blood vessels—including the ones in your heart—relax so more blood can flow through. When blood vessels stay narrow, it can interfere with the heart's ability to pump blood as well as it should.
Other theories about why African Americans' risk for HF is higher include
Delays in seeking treatment, limited disease awareness, and treatment adherence issues1
More exposure to environmental and other toxins
A greater tendency to be overweight1
The American Heart Association estimates that by 2030, there will be a nearly 30% increase from 2012 in the number of African Americans diagnosed with HF. Overall, nearly 9 million people in the United States are expected to be diagnosed with HF by 2030.
While anyone can be affected by HF, it hits the African American community the hardest:
HF has a more aggressive natural history in African Americans—people are younger and sicker at diagnosis compared with whites7
African Americans are 20 times more likely to develop HF before the age of 50 than whites
African Americans are approximately twice as likely to die of HF than whites
African Americans are hospitalized for HF more frequently and at a younger age than whites
African Americans between the ages of 55 and 64 are almost 3X more likely than whites to have a dangerous amount of fluid buildup that can cause severe breathing problems (called a decompensated HF event)
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80+ NBA players that died too young and the causes (<60 years old)
https://www.interbasket.net/news/21632/2017/09/nba-players-died-young-early/
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Long and the short of it: How Africans have shrunk
https://mg.co.za/article/2014-10-08-long-and-the-short-of-it-how-africans-have-shrunk
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How much of human height is genetic and how much is due to nutrition?
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-much-of-human-height/
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Race with Lowest Measured IQ: Australian Aboriginals and Bushmen/ Pygmies -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsZ11VVdP_M
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Pygmy peoples
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmy_peoples
Origins
Various theories have been proposed to explain the short stature of pygmies. Some studies suggest that it could be related to adaptation to low ultraviolet light levels in rainforests. This might mean that relatively little vitamin D can be made in human skin, thereby limiting calcium uptake from the diet for bone growth and maintenance, and leading to the evolution of the small skeletal size.Other explanations include lack of food in the rainforest environment, low calcium levels in the soil, the need to move through dense jungle, adaptation to heat and humidity, and as an association with rapid reproductive maturation under conditions of early mortality. (See also Aeta people § Demographics.) Other evidence points towards unusually low levels of expression of the genes encoding the growth hormone receptor and growth hormone compared to the related tribal groups, associated with low serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and short stature.
Abuse by non-Pygmies
Reported genocide in Rwanda
Main article: Rwandan genocide
The Pygmy population was also a target of the Interahamwe during the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Of the 30,000 Pygmies in Rwanda, an estimated 10,000 were killed and another 10,000 were displaced. They have been described as "forgotten victims" of the genocide. The current Rwandan Pygmy population is about 33,000, and it is reportedly declining.
Reported genocide in the Congo
Main article: Effacer le tableau
From the end of 2002 through January 2003 around 60,000 Pygmy civilians and 10,000 combatants were killed in an extermination campaign known as "Effacer le Tableau" during the Second Congo War. Human rights activists have made demands for the massacre to be recognized as genocide.
Slavery
In the Republic of the Congo, where Pygmies make up 2% of the population, many Pygmies live as slaves to Bantu masters. The nation is deeply stratified between these two major ethnic groups. The Pygmy slaves belong to their Bantu masters from birth in a relationship that the Bantus call a time-honored tradition. Even though the Pygmies are responsible for much of the hunting, fishing and manual labor in jungle villages, Pygmies and Bantus alike say that Pygmies are often paid at the master's whim: in cigarettes, used clothing, or simply not paid at all. As a result of pressure from UNICEF and human-rights activists, in 2009, a law that would grant special protections to the Pygmy people was awaiting a vote by the Congo parliament. According to reports made in 2013, this law was never passed.
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, during the Ituri Conflict, Ugandan backed rebel groups were accused by the UN of enslaving Mbutis to prospect for minerals and forage for forest food, with those returning empty handed being killed and eaten.
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Effacer le tableau
Effacer le tableau ("erasing the board") is the operational name given for the systematic extermination of the Bambuti pygmies by rebel forces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effacer_le_tableau
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{Even many black Africans do not like pygmy people, because they can ruin the gene pool of even regular Africans. Some pygmies are also some of the more intelligent black people, yet we think we should have population control and stop many of these pygmy people from trying to go to Europe and race mix with white people. We often hear how race mixing in an abomination, and we did not fully understand until we see some of the problems when a race such as a much higher IQ white race of people tries to race mix with a stunted dysgenic brachycephalic pygmy. Even if we give pygmy people their own area, many of them will want to travel and go to other places as well. This is why we should regulate race and birth in western nations. I think we should have laws in place so that we do not get this pygmy DNA in the gene pool of many future white humans. This is a good reason why we should ship pygmy people and Africans back to Africa. If a pygmy has a kid in another area such as Europe, we should automatically ship the child and parents to Africa with the pygmy child, and not risk keeping the damn pygmies in Europe to destroy and bring down western society. We do not hate mixed race people, we think we should just have segregation and have areas for whites to save our biological identity from being destroyed by other races and groups}.
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How Pygmy People Got Their Short Stature
https://www.livescience.com/47418-how-pygmies-got-short-stature.htmlPygmy traits independently evolved many times among different peoples around the world, because shorter heights may have helped them live in rainforests, researchers say.
The small body sizes known as pygmy traits are seen worldwide, limited to peoples who traditionally hunted and gathered food in tropical rainforests, such as in Central Africa and Southeast Asia. These small statures apparently developed independently in these populations, an example of convergent evolution, much as fish and dolphins both evolved streamlined bodies to better swim in their watery worlds.
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We May Have Been Wrong About How African Pygmies Grow
New research suggests that there may have been not one but two separate evolutions of African Pygmies.
The growth curves revealed that Baka infants are born the same weight as French infants, but after three months Baka weights drop, and never catch up. This contradicts the reigning theory—at least for this population—that Pygmy people are short-statured because they lack a growth spurt during puberty. (“They demonstrate a growth spurt pretty convincingly,” Perry says.)
East African Pygmy populations have a different growth pattern: Infants are born small and stay small, according to published studies that Rozzi’s team used for comparison. The difference between the two groups could mean that Pygmies’ shorter statures did not start with their common ancestor, but instead evolved independently in response to similar environments.
Pygmy populations in Africa have a common ancestor thought to have split from typically-sized populations around 60,000 years ago, before splitting again into East African and West African groups around 20,000 years ago.
Several theories suggest that short stature is an adaptation to life in the tropical rainforest: small bodies regulate heat better, are more agile when moving through dense vegetation, need less food, and, according to one theory, can reproduce at younger ages.
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What tree-climbing pygmies tell us about foot evolution
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2012/12/31/what-tree-climbing-pygmies-tell-us-about-foot-evolution/
That’s because their ankles are so extraordinarily flexible that their feet can make up to 45 degree angles with their shins. You can clearly see this in the video. It’s a level of flexibility comparable to wild chimpanzees, which walk up trees in much the same way. They plant their soles flat against the trunk, allowing them to hold their bodies closer to the trees and reducing the energy it takes to climb.
For comparison, most people can only bend their feet by 15 to 20 degrees. If you or I tried to match the flexion of a Twa climber, our ankles would rupture catastrophically and we wouldn’t be walking, much less effortlessly scaling a thick vine.
But the Twa’s secret isn’t in their ankles, which are indistinguishable from those of other people. Instead, the team found that the Twa’s flexibility stems from calf muscles (gastrocnemius) with unusually long fibres—far longer than those of the Bakiga, a group of neighbouring Ugandan farmers who don’t climb trees. The team found the same differences in the Philippines. The tree-climbing Agta hunter-gatherers have far longer gastrocnemius fibres than the non-climbing Manobo farmers.
Venkataraman suspects that their calf muscles aren’t born this way. Instead, their fibres lengthen with practice. “People who frequently wear high heels have short calf muscle fibres, and their ankles are stiffer as a result,” he says. Regular tree-climbing does the opposite for the Twa.
The stark lesson from this hard-won research is that there’s nothing about a human foot that precludes us from the trees. And equally, the fact that A.afarensis had a human-like foot doesn’t mean that it was a bad climber. The muscles, which don’t fossilise, can make a huge difference. With the right calves, Lucy could have scampered up a trunk as well as striding across a savannah.
That’s because their ankles are so extraordinarily flexible that their feet can make up to 45 degree angles with their shins. You can clearly see this in the video. It’s a level of flexibility comparable to wild chimpanzees, which walk up trees in much the same way. They plant their soles flat against the trunk, allowing them to hold their bodies closer to the trees and reducing the energy it takes to climb.
For comparison, most people can only bend their feet by 15 to 20 degrees. If you or I tried to match the flexion of a Twa climber, our ankles would rupture catastrophically and we wouldn’t be walking, much less effortlessly scaling a thick vine.
But the Twa’s secret isn’t in their ankles, which are indistinguishable from those of other people. Instead, the team found that the Twa’s flexibility stems from calf muscles (gastrocnemius) with unusually long fibres—far longer than those of the Bakiga, a group of neighbouring Ugandan farmers who don’t climb trees. The team found the same differences in the Philippines. The tree-climbing Agta hunter-gatherers have far longer gastrocnemius fibres than the non-climbing Manobo farmers.
Venkataraman suspects that their calf muscles aren’t born this way. Instead, their fibres lengthen with practice. “People who frequently wear high heels have short calf muscle fibres, and their ankles are stiffer as a result,” he says. Regular tree-climbing does the opposite for the Twa.
The stark lesson from this hard-won research is that there’s nothing about a human foot that precludes us from the trees. And equally, the fact that A.afarensis had a human-like foot doesn’t mean that it was a bad climber. The muscles, which don’t fossilise, can make a huge difference. With the right calves, Lucy could have scampered up a trunk as well as striding across a savannah.
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Study of short Peruvians reveals new gene with a major impact on height
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/05/study-short-peruvians-reveals-new-gene-major-impact-height
Hundreds of genes influence how tall a person is, but most make an imperceptible difference—perhaps a millimeter, for example. Now, a group studying the genetics of Peruvians, one of the world's shortest populations, has turned up a gene variant that cuts a person's height by more than 2 centimeters, on average. "It's amazing that they saw such a change," says Emma Farley, a genomicist at the University of California, San Diego. "It's quite a large effect."
Geneticists have diligently pursued genes for height; a 2014 analysis called GIANT examined 250,000 people. "That you can still pull out new players is very exciting," says Elaine Ostrander, a geneticist at the National Human Genome Research Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. "It speaks to the value of looking at isolated populations." So far, the gene variant is not known outside Peru, where the demands of living at high altitude may have driven its evolution, but it could offer clues about how other mutations influence height.
Postdoc Samira Asgari and Soumya Raychaudhuri's team, all at Harvard Medical School in Boston, originally wanted to know how a person's DNA influences the severity of tuberculosis. Together with epidemiologist Megan Murray's team at Partners in Health in Lima, they collected genetic information from 4002 residents there, along with other data including height. Peruvians are among the shortest people in the world, with men averaging 165 centimeters and women reaching about 153 centimeters—in both cases about 10 centimeters shorter than average people in the United States and 15 centimeters shorter than the Dutch, generally regarded as among the world's tallest people. So the team decided to search the DNA data for genetic factors underlying this short stature.
First, Asgari assessed the ancestry of their subjects by comparing their DNA to genomes of Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans. Peruvians are about 80% Native American, 16% European, and 3% African, she reported last week at the Biology of Genomes meeting here. "The more Native American ancestry, the shorter they were," she said. By correlating variation in the Native American portion of each person's genome with their height, Asgari found a specific gene variant that seems to influence the trait.
Short Peruvians have a version, or allele, of a gene called FBN1 that differs by one base from the gene's usual DNA sequence. That subtle shift alters an amino acid in a carbohydrate-coated protein called fibrillin-1, which provides structural support in connective tissue. Other FBN1 mutations are known to affect height in rare disorders: Marfan syndrome, which affects the skeleton, heart, and eyes and generally produces tall, thin people; and "stiff skin" syndrome, marked by shortness and a very thick, hard skin. This gene's new link to overall height "logically connects to [its] biology," Farley says.
Most of the 700 or so other genes tied to height can, with their individually small effects, together explain only about 7% of a Peruvian's height. The new allele accounts for another 1% all by itself, the researchers estimate. A person carrying just one copy of this FBN1 variant is about 2.2 centimeters shorter than people with different versions of the gene and those with two copies can be more than 4 centimeters shorter, Asgari reported.
Her group estimates that 5% of Peruvians carry the newly identified FBN1 allele, suggesting that evolution has favored short stature and perhaps thick skin among Peruvians. Many live at high altitudes, and animal studies show that species living at such elevations tend to be smaller, an apparent evolutionary adaptation to the scarcity of food in those places. Thick skin might also protect the body from the strong ultraviolet light at high altitudes.
Kousik Kundu, a genomicist at the Wellcome Sanger Institute in Hinxton, U.K., remains cautious about the role of this gene variant, calling for Asgari to get more detailed sequence data from her Peruvian subjects and to study larger populations there. Asgari also wants to study other short people, such as some groups in the Middle East, to see whether the same allele is at work elsewhere. With further genetic analysis, says geneticist Sarah Tishkoff at the University of Pennsylvania, Asgari might be able to say when the shortness variant arose. "It's a really cool story in the making."
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Why Have Americans Stopped Growing Taller?
https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=98438&page=1Zero in on immigrant populations, he says, and on communities where socio-economic constraints lead to malnutrition and health-care problems, and generations of new children continue to grow taller since height maximums have not yet been reached.
"There is large heterogeneity in ethic compositions," he says. "When you look at Asian-Americans, Hispanic Americans — those are the pockets where increases in height are still happening."
Studies dating from the 1930s have demonstrated how a person's environment — and in turn nutrition — can directly affect not only a person's size, but also dimensions.
More recent studies, done in the 1960s and 1970s have indicated the importance of nutrition to height even more directly. Over this time period anthropologists analyzed a series of villages in Central America. To infants in some villages, they provided nutritional supplements, while in others they supplied only placebos.
Overwhelmingly, the children who had received the supplements in youth grew taller and were even more successful throughout life.
Growing Seasons of Life
When a person receives good nutrition is critical since growth occurs almost exclusively in infancy and adolescence. Humans grow fastest during the first two to three years of life, then growing slows through childhood until about age 10 or 11.
Height Linked to Longevity
Gunnell measured hundreds of human arm and leg bones exhumed from English graves from between the ninth and 19th centuries. His studies showed that the longer the bone length (bone length correlates to overall height), the more likely a person lived beyond the age of 30.
In modern times being tall can help a person be more successful — sexually and professionally. In the United States studies have shown taller presidential candidates are more likely to be elected (with the notable recent exception of George W. Bush) and anecdotal evidence suggests that taller people appear more attractive and so have an easier time finding sexual partners.
When Height Is a Hindrance
But Wolf Blanckenhorn of the University of Zurich, Switzerland, points out that animal evidence show that being too tall can have drawbacks.
Oversized animals need to eat more and so can have a harder time surviving when food is scarce. Taller animals also tend to be less agile and so are more vulnerable to predators and parasites.
In people, being very tall can add strain to the circulatory and skeletal systems. And anecdotal evidence points to other difficulties.
"Think of all the little disadvantages tall basketball players have in everyday life with food, clothing, living quarters, beds, etc.," Blanckenhorn points out.
For these reasons, anthropologists think it's unlikely that Americans will develop a new genetic pool to become even taller, now that they appear to have reached their genetic growth potentials.
That means that very tall Americans are likely to continue to be perceived as, well, being very tall. And, as Leonard points out, being different in any way — even in height — isn't always easy.
Chamberlain may have won fame and adoration for his height and skill on the court, but he had to have special fixtures put in his house to accommodate his size, and was known to say:
"Nobody roots for Goliath."
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Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas---------------
Growth hormone: Role in Dwarfism and Gigantism
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/biochemistry/concepts/growth-hormone/role-in-dwarfism-and-gigantism
-------------{Notice how many of these Africans may be tall, but they have inferior strength to a tall white man, such as Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson}.
Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haf%C3%BE%C3%B3r_J%C3%BAl%C3%ADus_Bj%C3%B6rnsson-------------
Learn more about Overgrowth Syndrome
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/overgrowth-syndrome-------------
XYY syndrome
XYY syndrome is a genetic condition in which a male has an extra Y chromosome. Symptoms are usually few. They may include being taller than average, acne, and an increased risk of learning problems. The person is generally otherwise normal, including normal fertility.
The condition is generally not inherited from a person's parents but rather occurs as a result of a random event during sperm cell development. Diagnosis is by a chromosomal analysis. There are 47 chromosomes, instead of the usual 46, giving a 47,XYY karyotype.
Treatment may include speech therapy or extra help with schoolwork. Outcomes are generally good. Prevention is not possible. The condition occurs in about 1 in 1,000 male births. Many people with the condition are unaware that they have it. The condition was first described in 1961.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XYY_syndrome
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Are XYY males more prone to aggressive behavior than XY males?
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A new study identifies 40 genes related to aggressive behavior in humans and mice
On mice and humans: Genes, evolution and aggressiveness
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180709101117.htm--------------
Violence, Genes, and Prejudice
Can genes make one person more likely to act violently than another? Can the question even be asked in a country where violence--in many people's eyes--has come to wear a young black face?
Black Americans, who constitute about 12 percent of the population, were arrested for 45 percent of the nation's violent crimes.
http://discovermagazine.com/1994/nov/violencegenesand446
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Monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) predicts behavioral aggression following provocation
Although our results suggest MAOA plays a role in aggression, a major question remains as to how and why individual genetic differences cause different behavioral outcomes. In other words, what might be the underlying psychological phenomena at work? In a previous study, Eisenberger et al. showed how MAOA related to a negative socio-emotional experience. Although MAOA-L individuals are more aggressive, the psychological mechanisms by which this occurs have been unclear. They may be more aggressive because they are hyposensitive, and care less about harming others, or because they are hypersensitive and overreact. Eisenberger et al.'s research examined the relationship between MAOA and trait forms of both aggression and interpersonal hypersensitivity, and neural responses in brain areas associated with rejection-related distress. They found that individuals with MAOA-L demonstrated higher trait aggression and higher trait interpersonal hypersensitivity than those with MAOA-H. In addition, such MAOA-L individuals showed greater activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), an area that has been associated with distress related to rejection or status challenges. Because the relationship between MAOA and aggression was mediated by the dACC activity, the authors suggest that MAOA might produce aggression through heightened, rather than reduced, sensitivity to social rejection.Our study suggests that there may be genetic bases for such a hypothesis. Indeed, our results beg the question of why the MAOA-L allele has been maintained in the population [typically 1/3 in western populations, although approaching 2/3 are reported in Maori populations] if it promotes aggressive behavior. There is some evidence of an underlying positive selection sweep in human population structures in some areas. One possibility for why MAOA-L has not become universal lies in frequency dependent selection; if everyone were MAOA-L, its advantages would disappear. If everyone were MAOA-H, there may be a niche for more aggressive individuals to exploit. Another possibility is that genetic variation is preserved because it is linked to other genes or has a mix of positive and negative characteristics. Finally, genetic differences in aggression may be an example of the adaptive logic of “moralistic aggression” in promoting effective reciprocal bargaining or cooperative relationships. All of these hypotheses are ripe for investigation.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2650118/
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The Extreme Warrior gene: a reality check
https://scientiasalon.wordpress.com/2014/07/31/the-extreme-warrior-gene-a-reality-check/MAOA — Genetic culprit for violence?
Theories about inborn race-based aggression, violence, and criminality are back in the news. In the ongoing search for genes underlying social behavior, none has sparked more curiosity, if not controversy, than the gene that codes for monoamine oxidase A — MAOA. Nicknamed the “warrior gene,” a variant of the MAOA drew international attention nearly a decade ago when geneticist Rod Lea reported that it was more common in Maori — the indigenous Polynesians of New Zealand — than in whites. According to one journalist, Lea suggested this gene might be the source of poor health and increased rates of violent crime in Maori. The media frenzy over “bad genes causing bad behavior” didn’t stop there. A rare, seemingly even more detrimental version — the “extreme warrior gene” — has since stirred debate because it occurs more frequently in African Americans than in whites.
MAOA — an enzyme that degrades neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in the brain — is coded for by the MAOA gene. Neurotransmitters play a pivotal role in mood, arousal, and emotions, even affecting impulse control. Since the 1990s scientists have identified several versions of the MAOA, which are usually categorized as low-activity or high-activity variants. MAOA genes are classified based on how many times a short sequence — a functional strip of DNA — repeats itself within a variable region of the gene. The most common variant, MAOA-4R, has four repeats and is associated with high-activity breakdown of neurotransmitters. Alternate forms of the MAOA, including the 2-repeat (2R) and 3-repeat (3R) versions, contain fewer repeat sequences.
The 2R and 3R variants are often lumped together in studies of the low-activity MAOA gene. (Although the 5R version has a large number of repeats, it too is less active than the 4R version.) The two classes of MAOA versions correlate with different behavioral tendencies. Low-activity variants are thought to lead to reduced levels of MAOA in the brain, possibly shifting mood by changing serotonin levels.
----------------
African Americans possess "violence" gene, researchers find
https://www.tremr.com/Duck-Rabbit/african-americans-possess-violence-gene-researchers-find
Recent studies have sparked a controversy by suggesting that an unusually large number of African Americans possess a gene that is linked with violent behavior. The gene contributes to the regulation of the amounts of monoamine oxidase in the individual's brain. This enzyme affects levels of neurotransmitters that are known to play an important role in modulating emotion and behavior, such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine.
There are different versions of this gene, and each version contributes to differences in the amount of monoamine oxidase the individual's brain is likely to have. This is because the difference in these versions has to do with differences in the number of times a specific section for its promoter region appears. The three repeat alleles lead to unusually low levels of the enzyme, and the two repeat alleles lead to lower levels yet.
The early 1990s saw an explosion in the research of the role monoamine oxidase plays in the brain after the study of a family with a rare mutation had an extremely high number of violent criminals. The mutation this family had led to very low levels of monoamine oxidase and low IQs. It came to be known as "Brunner's syndrome" after H.G. Brunner, the researcher who discovered the gene. Along with his team of researchers, they authored the paper "X-Linked Borderline Mental Retardation with Prominent Behavioral Disturbance: Phenotype, Genetic Localization, and Evidence for Disturbed Monoamine Metabolism."
They summarized their findings as follows:
"We have identified a large Dutch kindred with a new form of X-linked nondysmorphic mild mental retardation. All affected males in this family show very characteristic abnormal behavior, in particular aggressive and sometimes violent behavior. Other types of impulsive behavior include arson, attempted rape, and exhibitionism. Attempted suicide has been reported in a single case. The locus for this disorder could be assigned to the Xpll-21 interval between DXS7 and DXS77 by linkage analysis using markers spanning the X chromosome. A maximal multipoint lod score of 3.69 was obtained at the monoamine oxidase type A (MAOA) locus in Xpll.23-11.4. Results of 24-h urine analysis in three affected males indicated a marked disturbance of monoamine metabolism. These data are compatible with a primary defect in the structural gene for MAOA and/or monoamine oxidase type B (MAOB). Normal platelet MAOB activity suggests that the unusual behavior pattern in this family may be caused by isolated MAOA deficiency."
Researchers were later able to genetically engineer mice with an artificial version of this gene, and these rats were likewise more aggressive than other rats. In 1995, Cases and colleagues:
------------------
The Future of Crime-Fighting Is Family Tree Forensics
https://www.wired.com/story/the-future-of-crime-fighting-is-family-tree-forensics/
---------------
Study finds three primary coping mechanisms used by African-American women facing intimate partner violence
"There's this stereotype that African-American women who experience abuse are probably reacting to it a certain way, but there is a range of responses," said Noelle M. St. Vil, an assistant professor in the UB School of Social Work and the paper's lead author. "Some fight back, some turn to prayer, some turn to family and friends, and others turn to law enforcement or other outlets."Roughly 40 percent of African-American women have experienced intimate partner violence. The portrayal of victims of intimate partner violence in media, and even in previous research, is of the passive victim, which does not accurately capture the realities of African-American women, according to St. Vil.
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-01-primary-coping-mechanisms-african-american-women.html
----------
Exploring African Americans’ High Maternal and Infant Death Rates
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/early-childhood/reports/2018/02/01/445576/exploring-african-americans-high-maternal-infant-death-rates/------------
Hereditary Pituitary Hyperplasia with Infantile Gigantism
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/96/12/E2078/2834881Conclusions:
------------
Gigantism and Acromegaly Due to Xq26 Microduplications and GPR101 Mutation
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1408028
-------------
Is there any evolutionary advantage to gigantism? Did sauropods continue to grow throughout their lives, like some reptiles and fish do?
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-there-any-evolutionary/--------------
Hereditary Gigantism-the biblical giant Goliath and his brothers
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113151/
---------------
Dutch men and Latvian women tallest in world according to 100-year height study
https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/173634/dutch-latvian-women-tallest-world-according/--------------
Land Of Giants Located In Ireland: Unusual Cluster Of Gigantism Traced To Ancient Gene
http://www.messagetoeagle.com/land-of-giants-located-in-ireland-unusual-cluster-of-gigantism-traced-to-ancient-gene/--------------
Ancient Roman Giant Found—Oldest Complete Skeleton With Gigantism
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/11/121102-gigantism-ancient-skeleton-archaeology-history-science-rome/
At 6 feet, 8 inches (202 centimeters) tall, the man would have been a giant in third-century A.D. Rome, where men averaged about 5 and a half feet (167 centimeters) tall. By contrast, today's tallest man measures 8 feet, 3 inches (251 centimeters).
--------------
Crossfit Games LeaderBoard
https://games.crossfit.com/leaderboard/games/2018?division=1&sort=0&page=1
------------------
Crossfit leaderboards
https://games.crossfit.com/leaderboard/open/2019?division=1&sort=0&scaled=0&page=1
{Mostly the majority of the leaders are white}.
-------------------
Top 3 Greatest Men's CrossFit Regional Performances Ever
https://www.floelite.com/articles/5050641-top-3-greatest-mens-crossfit-regional-performances-ever
--------------------
Category: Golf records and rankings
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Golf_records_and_rankings
----------------------
List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_golfers_with_most_PGA_Tour_wins
---------------------
The five theories on why Europeans dominate the U.S. in pairs matches
https://www.golfdigest.com/story/the-five-theories-on-why-europeans-dominate-the-us-in-pairs-matches
-----------------------
9 reasons the European Tour is better than the PGA Tour
https://www.golfdigest.com/story/9-reasons-the-european-tour-is
------------------------
Titans Of Testosterone The (mostly) juiced-up athletes competing for the title of World's Strongest Man tote stones, toss kegs and tow trucks for puny paychecks and the glory of exposure on late-night cable TV
https://www.si.com/vault/1999/10/18/268369/titans-of-testosterone-the-mostly-juiced-up-athletes-competing-for-the-title-of-worlds-strongest-man-tote-stones-toss-kegs-and-tow-trucks-for-puny-paychecks-and-the-glory-of-exposure-on-late-night-cable-tv
----------------
Magnus Samuelsson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%BAs_Ver_Magn%C3%BAsson
{We can see that many people that are very European and that have white features often are also some of the strongest people}.
--------------------
Legends of WSM: Magnus Ver Magnusson
I don’t know what those Icelanders are eating, but I need to go over there and try some of that. – O.D. Wilson
Just what makes Iceland such a breeding ground for strength is open to interpretation.
https://strongman.org/features/legends-wsm-magnus-ver-magnusson/
{Iceland is also isolated on an island, and why many white people there were able to keep their genes more Nordic than other European countries}.
----------------------
IPL World Records - Non Tested - CLASSIC Powerlifting
https://www.uspa.net/non-tested-ipl-world-classic-powerlifting.html
------------------------
2019 Arnold Strongman Classic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yF-74QBdMo------------------------
Jesse Norris Breaks All-Time World Record 198-Pound Raw Total
https://www.elitefts.com/news/jesse-norris-breaks-all-time-world-record-198-pound-raw-total/
--------------------
List of world championships medalists in powerlifting (men)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world_championships_medalists_in_powerlifting_(men)
{Mostly white champions}
-----------------------
World record progression men's weightlifting
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_record_progression_men%27s_weightlifting
{Why do a good amount of small Orientals win in Olympic weightlifting for their weight division?
Notice that Orientals are not as fast as blacks on average.
Blacks are faster than Orientals because their hipbone points down and the Oriental hipbone points out.
Blacks develop different muscle fibers differently than Orientals.
This is why we often see Orientals as Short and Stocky. We can see that many Orientals can
also get very big, such as sumo wrestlers or certain fighters.
Notice how Orientals can be very short and have very thick and stubby legs, while Africans tend to be taller and faster, this is why many blacks hold records for running in Olympics than Orientals.
Some Orientals still hold weightlifting records for their body mass. An Oriental that is very very skinny and weighs 95 lbs can actually have the world record for different types of clean and jerk lifts. Many say that it is because of how Orientals hipbones and muscle fibers allow them to become stronger than blacks for their bodweight for these types of weightlifting events}.
-------------------
Clean_and_jerk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_and_jerk
{From a view of an Oriental, many Orientals will try and claim that they are actually the superior race. Many Orientals claim to have a high IQ. Orientals hold records for their bodyweight to be able to lift the most weight for certain types of events, simply how their body and hip is built, including how Orientals have big skulls to support a big brain. We can see that many white weightlifters also hold many weightlifting records as well}.
-----------------------
Naim Süleymanoglu
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naim_S%C3%BCleymano%C4%9Flu
Süleymanoglu is the first and only weightlifter to have snatched 2.5 times his body weight and also is the second of only seven lifters to date to clean and jerk three times his body weight. He is the only weightlifter to date to clean and jerk 10 kilos more than triple his bodyweight.
{Many Bulgarian weightlifters and wrestlers are also very good and hold many records}.
----------------------------
Andrey Malanichev
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Malanichev
Andrey twice (2011 and 2014) was named as the strongest lifter in the world according to the authoritative world powerlifting forum PowerliftingWatch.
Andrey Malanichev
Born January 10, 1977 (age 42)
Barvikha, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union
Residence Russia
Other names "Malan"
Occupation Powerlifting
Weight 155 kg (342 lb)[citation needed]
Competition record
Powerlifting
Representing Russia
Championship of Moscow among juniors
1st 1998 Championship of Moscow among juniors +110 kg
European championship in Poland
1st 1999 European championship in Poland 110 kg
During his career, Andrey has set more than 20 world records.
------------------------------
Is it wrong to note 100m winners are always black?
https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-14679657
{Blacks aren't much faster than whites, blacks many times barely win by jumping an inch higher, or run .01 seconds faster. Many times whites earn second place in different running or jumping events. Many wonder if there could even be a faster brown person or a faster white person in these events as well}.
----------------------
Men's Raw World Records
https://www.powerliftingwatch.com/records/raw/world
----------------------
Tom Kallas Squats a World Record 815lb at 198lb Bodyweight
https://barbend.com/tom-kallas-815lb-squat/
---------------------
The 'Game of Thrones' star who plays The Mountain proves he's literally the strongest man with a new world record deadlift
https://www.thisisinsider.com/gregor-clegane-hafr-bjornsson-deadlift-record-video-2018-3
-----------------------
Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haf%C3%BE%C3%B3r_J%C3%BAl%C3%ADus_Bj%C3%B6rnsson
-------------------------
The Mountain From Game of Thrones Set Another Absolutely Ridiculous World Record
While competing at the 2018 Arnold Strongman Classic over the weekend, Hafþór Björnsson broke his own raw deadlift world record by lifting 1,041 pounds.
{Congratulations Hafþór Björnsson, your viking ancestors would be proud}.
http://time.com/5189329/game-of-thrones-the-mountain-deadlift-world-record/
--------------------------
Ukrainian Arm Wrestler Breaks The World Record Bicep Curl!
http://neverfearfailure.com/2016/02/ukrainian-arm-wrestler-breaks-the-world-record-bicep-curl/
--------------
Progression of the bench press world record
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progression_of_the_bench_press_world_record
{Many say that our grandfathers were stronger in certain ways and had stronger
hand grips, etc, etc.
Yet we can see how humans are actually becoming stronger in many ways than before.
With all the new athletic programs, new diets, supplements and training, we can see how
many people are actually becoming stronger than before. Even some people work out now
for social media while staying very strong, fit and eating healthy.
The U.S. Military Can't Find Real Men...Tim Kennedy Explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4p50T7VL_Y
The thing about bench press is that thousands of years ago we did not have many
competitions for bodybuilding or weightlifting.
Bench Press is sometimes not a full way of testing strength.
We can even see how some people that have some of the highest squat records almost walk as if they were deformed in some cases.
Some people might ask why it is that we do not see many bodybuilders in fights, or people with
some of the highest bench presses winning fights.
Some bodybuilders do actually win fights, it takes a different set of skills to win a fight than
just to train yourself to lift a heavy object over the course of your entire life.
There is a thing called fighter IQ as well.
Just as some animals have much faster reaction, some types of people just have faster reaction as well, and this is also a genetic factor}.
-------------------
Here is my new book, this is one of the best fight books ever written - Fight Science 101 - The Touch of Death
https://Fightscience101.blogspot.com
-------------------
In Japan, Sumo Is Dominated by Foreigners
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/25/sports/25iht-sumo25.html
---------------------
A MuayThai SuperStar Meets 200 IQ Karate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5fu00ucF-A
--------------------
MUAY GOD ? The King Of Fight IQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esB-E9TEXcg
----------------------
Tochinoshin Tsuyoshi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tochinoshin_Tsuyoshi
{This white Sumo wrestler from the country of Georgia won the Sumo World Championships}.
---------------------
TOCHINOSHIN!!! - GEORGIAN SUMO wrestler won the EMPEROR'S CUP. All bouts winner Hatsu Basho 2018.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwBA3TtBtJ8
---------------------
Aoiyama Kosuke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aoiyama_K%C5%8Dsuke
----------------------
Kotooshu Katsunori
https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Koto%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB_Katsunori
----------------------
Baruto Kaito
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruto_Kaito
------------------------
Japan gets first sumo champion in 19 years
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38721106
----------------------
Why the Japanese are no longer on top in sumo wrestling
https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2015/03/17/why-the-japanese-are-no-longer-on-top-in-sumo-wrestling
--------------------------
Well blow me down! Real life Popeye is arm-wrestling contest champion with 19 INCH forearms
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3186889/Well-blow-Real-life-Popeye-49cm-forearms-travels-America-compete-arm-wrestling-contests.html
-----------------------
What it Takes to Break World Records
https://www.strongerbyscience.com/what-it-takes-to-break-world-records/
---------------
NASCAR Is Very, Very White. This Woman Is Trying To Change That.
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/first-black-woman-nascar_us_5abe4fd1e4b055e50acd1e48
--------------
Why aren't there any black drivers in the Indy 500?
https://www.indystar.com/story/sports/motor/2017/05/24/why-arent-there-any-black-drivers-indy-500/340775001/
-------------
Race Matters: 7 Trailblazing African American Racecar Drivers
https://www.blackenterprise.com/7-african-american-racecar-drivers/
---------------
Best race car drivers of all time
https://www.pettersolberg.com/best-race-car-drivers-of-all-time/
-------------------------
Analyzed by race/ethnicity, whites and blacks have roughly the same likelihood of dying in a vehicle accident, while Native Americans have a notably higher risk and Asians have a notably lower risk.
https://www.acsh.org/news/2018/08/10/most-dangerous-drivers-ranked-state-age-race-and-sex-13300
-----------------------------------
Naval Aviators Say They Were Kicked Out of Training Due to Racial Bias
https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/04/04/naval-aviators-say-they-were-kicked-out-training-due-racial-bias.html{Too many blacks also become Muslims as well, why should we trust a group of people that
would be more likely to cause a rogue terrorist attack against America. There is too much liability to keeping many of these Muslims, Arabs and blacks around in western culture, especially without population control. I say we plan on making America a white ethno-state as America was intended to be, and kick out all Muslims and suspected Muslims}.
---------------------
McNamara's Folly: The Use of Low-IQ Troops in the Vietnam War
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_J2VwFDV4-g
---------------------
When Black Soldiers Were Hanged: a War's Footnote
1993
https://www.nytimes.com/1993/02/07/us/when-black-soldiers-were-hanged-a-war-s-footnote.html?mtrref=undefined
As the role of black soldiers is documented in the history of World War II, J. Robert Lilly is trying to fathom one more distinction of that American fighting man: the fact that almost four times as many black soldiers as whites were executed in Europe after military courts-martial, even though blacks made up less than 10 percent of the troops.
"This needs to be sorted out and made right," Professor Lilly said in a recent interview at Northern Kentucky University, where he teaches sociology and criminology. The professor, who is white, stumbled on to what he suspects is a little-known chapter of American racism in doing research in England on prison punishment.
First, he heard about Albert Pierrepoint, England's official hangman during the war, and some of the hangings he carried out for the American Army at Shepton Mallet prison near Somerset. American soldiers were executed at the prison for the murder and rape of English civilians.
------------
{Then we hear all these people say how we should be thankful of blacks serving in our military.We can see part of the problem with the military would be black people. Black soldiers statistically have a higher count of committing crimes and raping women in war. All these black soldiers did in World War II is help the New World Order go into Europe and Germany to help kill off more whites and rape white women. Then you say how we should thank blacks for their service in our military, what a joke. If anything it is many of the black soldiers that are giving America a bad name. Then we can see that one Muslim Arab solider Nidal Hasan
that shot up Fort Hood, and the other brown soldiers that attack American bases. There is a reason why we banned Arabs and Muslims from entering America, and why we must kick these Muslims out of Europe, America and Canada. Muslims and third world degenerates are not welcome in first world nations. There is a reason why America had the Chinese Exclusion Act}.
----------------------
Naturalization Act of 1790
The original United States Naturalization Law of March 26, 1790 (1 Stat. 103) provided the first rules to be followed by the United States in the granting of national citizenship. This law limited naturalization to immigrants who were free White persons of good character. It thus excluded Native Americans, indentured servants, slaves, free blacks and later Asians, although free blacks were allowed citizenship at the state level in certain states. It also provided for citizenship for the children of U.S. citizens born abroad, stating that such children "shall be considered as natural born citizens," the only US statute ever to use the term. It specified that the right of citizenship did "not descend to persons whose fathers have never been resident in the United States."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1790
-------------------
Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson–Reed Act, including the Asian Exclusion Act and National Origins Act (Pub.L. 68–139, 43 Stat. 153, enacted May 26, 1924), was a United States federal law that prevented immigration from Asia, set quotas on the number of immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere, and provided funding and an enforcement mechanism to carry out the longstanding ban on other immigrants.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924
------------------
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. Building on the 1875 Page Act, which banned Chinese women from immigrating to the United States, the Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law implemented to prevent all members of a specific ethnic or national group from immigrating.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act
--------------------
Jim Crow laws
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. All were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period. The laws were enforced until 1965. In practice, Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in the 1870s and 1880s, and were upheld in 1896, by the U.S. Supreme Court's "separate but equal" legal doctrine for facilities for African Americans, established with the court's decision in the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson. Moreover, public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South, after the Civil War (1861–65).
The legal principle of "separate, but equal" racial segregation was extended to public facilities and transportation, including the coaches of interstate trains and buses. Facilities for African Americans and Native Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded, compared to the facilities for white Americans; sometimes there were no facilities for people of color. As a body of law, Jim Crow institutionalized economic, educational, and social disadvantages for African Americans, and other people of color living in the south. Legalized racial segregation principally existed in the Southern states, while Northern and Western racial segregation generally was a matter of fact — enforced in housing with private covenants in leases, bank lending-practices, and employment-preference discrimination, including labor-union practices.
Jim Crow laws—sometimes, as in Florida, part of state constitutions—mandated the segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was already segregated. President Woodrow Wilson, a Southern Democrat, initiated segregation of federal workplaces in 1913.
These Jim Crow laws revived principles of the 1865 and 1866 Black Codes, which had previously restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans. Segregation of public (state-sponsored) schools was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education. In some states it took many years to implement this decision. Generally, the remaining Jim Crow laws were overruled by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but years of action and court challenges have been needed to unravel the many means of institutional discrimination.
------------------
Black Codes (United States)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)
The Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866 in the United States after the American Civil War with the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. Black Codes were part of a larger pattern of Southern whites, who were trying to suppress the new freedom of emancipated African-American slaves, the freedmen. Black codes were essentially replacements for slave codes in those states. Before the war in states that prohibited slavery, some Black Codes were also enacted. Northern states such as Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and New York enacted Black Codes to discourage free blacks from residing in those states and denying them equal rights, including the right to vote, the right to public education, and the right to equal treatment under the law. Some of these northern black codes were repealed around the same time that the Civil War ended and slavery was abolished.
-------------------
Back-to-Africa movement
The Back-to-Africa movement, also known as the Colonization movement or After slave act, originated in the United States during the 19th century. It encouraged those of African descent to return to the African homelands of their ancestors. This movement would eventually inspire other movements, ranging from the Nation of Islam to the Rastafari movement and proved to be popular among African Americans.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement
-----------------
Freed U.S. slaves depart on journey to Africa
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/freed-u-s-slaves-depart-on-journey-to-africa
The first organized immigration of freed slaves to Africa from the United States departs New York harbor on a journey to Freetown, Sierra Leone, in West Africa. The immigration was largely the work of the American Colonization Society, a U.S. organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to return freed American slaves to Africa. However, the expedition was also partially funded by the U.S. Congress, which in 1819 had appropriated $100,000 to be used in returning displaced Africans, illegally brought to the United States after the abolishment of the slave trade in 1808, to Africa.
The program was modeled after British’s efforts to resettle freed slaves in Africa following England’s abolishment of the slave trade in 1772. In 1787, the British government settled 300 former slaves and 70 white prostitutes on the Sierra Leone peninsula in West Africa. Within two years, most members of this settlement had died from disease or warfare with the local Temne people. However, in 1792, a second attempt was made when 1,100 freed slaves, mostly individuals who had supported Britain during the American Revolution and were unhappy with their postwar resettlement in Canada, established Freetown under the leadership of British abolitionist Thomas Clarkson.
During the next few decades, thousands of freed slaves came from Canada, the West Indies, and other parts of West Africa to the Sierra Leone Colony, and in 1820 the first freed slaves from the United States arrived at Sierra Leone. In 1821, the American Colonization Society founded the colony of Liberia south of Sierra Leone as a homeland for freed U.S. slaves outside of British jurisdiction.
Most Americans of African descent were not enthusiastic to abandon their homes in the United States for the West African coast. The American Colonization Society also came under attack from American abolitionists, who charged that the removal of freed slaves from the United States strengthened the institution of slavery. However, between 1822 and the American Civil War, some 15,000 African Americans settled in Liberia, which was granted independence by the United States in 1847 under pressure from Great Britain. Liberia was granted official U.S. diplomatic recognition in 1862. It was the first independent democratic republic in African history.
-----------------
Abraham Lincoln 'wanted to deport slaves' to new colonies
Abraham Lincoln wanted to ship freed black slaves away from the US to British colonies in the Caribbean even in the final months of his life, it has emerged.
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/8319858/Abraham-Lincoln-wanted-to-deport-slaves-to-new-colonies.html
{Many articles will claim that Lincoln did not want to ship blacks out of America}.
---------------
Confederacy approves black soldiers
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/confederacy-approves-black-soldiers----------------
Photos: They're black and they're proud of the Confederate flag
https://www.ajc.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/photos-they-black-and-they-proud-the-confederate-flag/by06A6ywMrqi7mYP9A1jmO/-------------
An Oral History Of Black NASCAR Drivers
https://www.complex.com/sports/2012/02/an-oral-history-of-black-nascar-drivers/14
----------------
{There are bad drivers in all races, but many joke about Orientals being very bad at driving, this is somewhat true. We can also see how there are very good Oriental drivers that can modify rice rockets and can do very good drifts and turns as well}.
-------------
China admits Asian women are terrible drivers
https://dailycaller.com/2016/08/23/china-admits-asian-women-are-terrible-drivers/
--------------------
Why are Asian women stereotypically bad at driving? I totally reinforce that stereotype, but why does the stereotype exist?
https://www.quora.com/Why-are-Asian-women-stereotypically-bad-at-driving-I-totally-reinforce-that-stereotype-but-why-does-the-stereotype-exist
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Bad driving a disease, Chinese doctor says
A doctor in China is attempting to cure the country of bad driving by treating it like a disease.
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8639416/Bad-driving-a-disease-Chinese-doctor-says.html
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Urban Dictionary: Asian Driver
https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=asian%20driver
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Myth-busting the ‘Bad Asian Driver’ myth: Car insurance rates don’t lie
https://augustafreepress.com/myth-busting-the-bad-asian-driver-myth-car-insurance-rates-dont-lie/
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Driven to Kill
Why drivers in China intentionally kill the pedestrians they hit.
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2015/09/why-drivers-in-china-intentionally-kill-the-pedestrians-they-hit-chinas-laws-have-encouraged-the-hit-to-kill-phenomenon.html
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Are Asian Women the Worst Drivers? Asian Stereotypes Challenged!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdBFDSu6wsk
{Some question if the brachycephalic traits and eye problems found in Orientals make some
of them bad drivers}.
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{Nature is racist}.
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Black-white differences in reaction times and intelligence
350 black South African 9-year-old children were compared with 239 white British children on the Standard Progressive Matrices and 12 reaction time tests giving measures of decision times, movement times and variabilities in tasks of varying complexity. The black children obtained a mean IQ of approximately 65. They also had slower decision times and greater variabilities than the white children, but they had faster movement times. The magnitude of the white advantage on decision times was 0.68 of a standard deviation, about one-third of the white advantage on the Progressive Matrices. The result suggests that around one-third of the white advantage on intelligence tests may lie in faster information processing capacity.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233652447_Black-white_differences_in_reaction_times_and_intelligence
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Reaction time with reference to race.
Argues that RT increases with evolution, so that the RT of superior races is higher than that of inferior ones, with the support of results from an experiment on 34 Whites, Blacks, and Red Indians (aged 14-38 yrs). With evolution and learning, human beings tend to be less quick in automatic responses, and more responsive to stimuli related to secondary reflex action. It is suggested that lower RTs in Blacks imply inferiority of race, and lower RTs in women are in accordance with the higher brain development of men. The experiment reported has been conducted using a magneto-electric physiological apparatus. Results reveal a relative slowness of White Ss, as compared with the Indians and Blacks. However, the RT of the Indian Ss was not as high as that of the Blacks, probably due to the fact that the Black Ss had a greater intermixture of White blood than the Indians.
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1926-02839-001
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Chapter Three - Mutations in GPR101 as a potential cause of X-linked acrogigantism and acromegaly
X-linked acrogigantism (XLAG) is a recently described early-onset gigantism due to GPR101 duplication that induces growth hormone (GH) oversecretion. GPR101, which belongs to Family A rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors, is predominantly expressed in hypothalamus and pituitary, suggesting that GPR101 might be important in regulating diverse functions such as energy balance and reproduction.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877117318301340?via%3Dihub
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Racial differences in reaction time
https://pumpkinperson.com/2015/06/11/racial-differences-in-reaction-time/
{Some might say that we should use more test subjects to continue the experiment.
We see that many whites win in MMA, wrestling, fencing, FIFA World Cups and many sports that have to do with quick reaction often. It is often difficult to judge reaction time in a single test. We should also test higher reaction times from each race, such as the reaction times of different pro athletes}.
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World Fencing Championships
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Fencing_Championships
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Don Reinhoudt
Donald C. Reinhoudt (born March 5, 1945) is a former world champion powerlifter and strongman from the United States. He is the first 4 time-in-a-row IPF World Powerlifting Superheavyweight Champion (1973 - 1976), having held all 4 of the 4 powerlifting records in his day. Reinhoudt was the first man to break the 2400 pound total record in powerlifting, which was performed raw by today's standards, beating the legendary Jon Cole in 1975. Setting and breaking over forty powerlifting records throughout his career, he is widely considered to be one of the very best powerlifters of all time. Reinhoudt still holds the world record for the highest raw total in history at 2391 lbs. In his later years he competed in some of the early World's Strongest Man contests and won 1979's competition, beating a young soon-to-be 3 times in a row World's Strongest Man Bill Kazmaier.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Reinhoudt
---------------------
Squat World records
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat_(exercise)#World_records
World records
On
8 October 2011, Jonas Rantanen of Finland performed a squat with a
weight of 575 kg (1268 lb) at the Bullfarm Powerlifting Championships in
Helsinki, beating the previous record by Donnie Thompson (USA) of 573
kg (1265 lb).
The single-ply squat record is held by Dustin Slepicka (USA) at 500 kg (1102 lb).
The raw world record with knee wraps is 525 kg (1157 lb) performed by Vlad Alhazov on 23 December 2018.
The women world record belongs to Olga Gemaletdinova who lifted 310.0 kg (684 lb) on 5 May 2011.
The
most squats with 130 kg in two minutes was Netherlands woman Maria
Strik. She squatted a weight of 130 kg, 29 times within two minutes.
The most bodyweight squats performed in one hour is 4,708 by Paddy Doyle (UK) on November 2007.
The most bodyweight sumo squats in one hour is 5,135, and was achieved by Dr. Thienna Ho (Vietnam) on December 2007.
Silvio Sabba from Italy has: the most single leg squats (pistols) in one minute : 47 on January 2012.
the most squats in one minute carrying a 60 lb pack : 47 on June 2016 (the previous was 44 by Paddy Doyle).
The most squats in one minute carrying an 80 lb pack : 42 on July 2016.
The most pistol squats on a scaffold pole in one minute : 30 on October 2013
and the most pistol squats on an american football ball in one minute : 23 on July 2015.
---------------------
NEW WORLD RECORD SQUAT !! KEVIN OAK !!
Feb 9, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaxksoHN1Ho
-----------------------
5 Legendary Powerlifting World Records That Got Broken In 2020
Apr 16, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OH07DIFRqNs
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501 KG DEADLIFT WORLD RECORD POWERLIFTING & KETTLEBELLS IVAN MAKAROV
Dec 2, 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KhdXBqw71E
--------------------
Deadlift World records
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadlift#World_records
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Black-White Differences in Muscle Fiber and Its Role In Disease and Obesity
How do whites and blacks differ by muscle fiber and what does it mean for certain health outcomes? This is something I’ve touched on in the past, albeit briefly, and decided to go in depth on it today. The characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers dictate whether one has a higher or lower chance of being affected by cardiometabolic disease/cancer. Those with more type I fibers have less of a chance of acquiring diabetes while those with type II fibers have a higher chance of acquiring debilitating diseases. This has direct implications for health disparities between the two races.
Muscle fiber typing by race
Racial differences in muscle fiber typing explain differences in strength and mortality. I have, without a shadow of a doubt, proven this. So since blacks have higher rates of type II fibers while whites have higher rates of type I fibers (41 percent type I for white Americans, 33 percent type I for black Americans, Ama et al, 1985) while West Africans have 75 percent fast twitch and East Africans have 25 percent fast twitch. Further, East and West Africans differ in typing composition, 75 percent fast for WAs and 25 percent fast for EAs, which has to do with what type of environment they evolved in. What Hochhachka (1998) also shows is that high latitude populations (Quechua, Aymara, Sherpa, Tibetan and Kenyan) “show numerous similarities in physiological hypoxia defence mechanisms.” Clearly, slow-twitch fibers co-evolved here.
Clearly, slow-twitch fibers co-evolved with hypoxia. Since hypoxia is the deficiency in the amount of oxygen that reaches the tissues, populations in higher elevations will evolve hypoxia defense mechanisms, and with it, the ability to use the oxygen they do get more efficiently. This plays a critical role in the fiber typing of these populations. Since they can use oxygen more efficiently, they then can become more efficient runners. Of course, these populations have evolved to be great distance runners and their morphology followed suit.
Caesar and Henry (2015) also show that whites have more type I fibers than blacks who have more type II fibers. When coupled with physical inactivity, this causes higher rates of cancer and cardiometabolic disease. Indeed, blacks have higher rates of cancer and mortality than whites (American Cancer Society, 2016), both of which are due, in part, to muscle fiber typing. This could explain a lot of the variation in disease acquisition in America between blacks and whites. Physiologic differences between the races clearly need to be better studied. But we first must acknowledge physical differences between the races.
Disease and muscle fiber typing
Now that we know the distribution of fiber types by race, we need to see what type of evidence there is that differing muscle fiber typing causes differences in disease acquisition.
Those with fast twitch fibers are more likely to acquire type II diabetes and COPD (Hagiwara, 2013); cardiometabolic disease and cancer (Caesar and Henry, 2015); a higher risk of cardiovascular events (Andersen et al, 2015, Hernelahti et al, 2006); high blood pressure, high heart rate, and unfavorable left ventricle geometry leading to higher heart disease rates and obesity (Karjalainen et al, 2006) etc. Knowing what we know about muscle fiber typing and its role in disease, it makes sense that we should take this knowledge and acknowledge physical racial differences. However, once that is done then we would need to acknowledge more uncomfortable truths, such as the black-white IQ gap.
One hypothesis for why fast twitch fibers are correlated with higher disease acquisition is as follows: fast twitch fibers fire faster, so due to mechanical stress from rapid and forceful contraction, this leads the fibers to be more susceptible to damage and thus the individual will have higher rates of disease. Once this simple physiologic fact is acknowledged by the general public, better measures can be taken for disease prevention.
Due to differences in fiber typing, both whites and blacks must do differing types of cardio to stay healthy. Due to whites’ abundance of slow twitch fibers, aerobic training is best (not too intense). However, on the other hand, due to blacks’ abundance of fast twitch fibers, they should do more anaerobic type exercises to attempt to mitigate the diseases that they are more susceptible due to their fiber typing.
Black men with more type II fibers and less type I fibers are more likely to be obese than ‘Caucasian‘ men are to be obese. More amazingly, Tanner et al showed that there was a positive correlation (.72) between weight loss and percentage of type I fibers in obese patients. This has important implications for African-American obesity rates, as they are the most obese ethny in America (Ogden et al, 2016) and have higher rates of metabolic syndrome (a lot of the variation in obesity does come down food insecurity, however). Leaner subjects had higher proportions of type I fibers compared to type II. Blacks have a lower amount of type I fibers compared to whites without adiposity even being taken into account. Not surprisingly, when the amount of type I fibers was compared by ethnicity, there was a “significant interaction” with ethnicity and obesity status when type I fibers were compared. Since we know that blacks have a lower amount of type I fibers, they are more likely to be obese.
In Tanner et al’s sample, both lean blacks and whites had a similar amount of type I fibers, whereas the lean blacks possessed more type I fibers than the obese black sample. Just like there was a “significant interaction” between ethnicity, obesity, and type I fibers, the same was found for type IIb fibers (which, as I’ve covered, black Americans have more of these fibers). There was, again, no difference between lean black and whites in terms of type I fibers. However, there was a difference in type IIb fibers when obese blacks and lean blacks were compared, with obese blacks having more IIb fibers. Obese whites also had more type IIb fibers than lean whites. Put simply (and I know people here don’t want to hear this), it is easier for people with type I fibers to lose weight than those with type II fibers. This data is some of the best out there showing the relationship between muscle fiber typing and obesity—and it also has great explanatory power for black American obesity rates.
Conclusion
Muscle fiber differences between blacks and whites explain disease acquisition rates, mortality rates (Araujo et al, 2010), and differences in elite sporting competition between the races. I’ve proven that whites are stronger than blacks based on the available scientific data/strength competitions (click here for an in-depth discussion). One of the most surprising things that muscle fibers dictate is weight loss/obesity acquisition. Clearly, we need to acknowledge these differences and have differing physical activity protocols for each racial group based on their muscle fiber typing. However, I can’t help but think about the correlation between strength and mortality now. This obesity/fiber type study puts it into a whole new perspective. Those with type I fibers are more likely to be physically stronger, which is a cardioprotectant, which then protects against all-cause mortality in men (Ruiz et al, 2008; Volaklis, Halle, and Meisenger, 2015). So the fact that black Americans have a lower life expectancy as well as lower physical strength and more tpe II fibers than type I fibers shows why blacks are more obese, why blacks are not represented in strength competitions, and why blacks have higher rates of disease than other populations.The study by Tanner et al (2001) shows that there obese people are more likely to have type II fibers, no matter the race. Since we know that blacks have more type II fibers on average, this explains a part of the variance in the black American obesity rates and further disease acquisition/mortality.
The study by Tanner et al (2001) shows that there obese people are more likely to have type II fibers, no matter the race. Since we know that blacks have more type II fibers on average, this explains a part of the variance in the black American obesity rates and further disease acquisition/mortality.
Differences in muscle fiber typing do not explain all of the variance in disease acquisition/strength differences, however, understanding what the differing fiber typings do, metabolically speaking, along with how they affect disease acquisition will only lead to higher qualities of life for everyone involved.
https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2017/03/20/black-white-differences-in-muscle-fiber-and-its-role-in-disease/
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Do black people have an easier time building muscle because of their genes?
https://www.quora.com/Do-black-people-have-an-easier-time-building-muscle-because-of-their-genes
-----------------
Racial Differences in Muscle Fiber Typing Cause Differences in Elite Sporting Competition
https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2017/03/17/racial-differences-in-muscle-fiber-typing-cause-differences-in-elite-sporting-competition/
Blacks are, on average, better at sports than whites. Why? The answer is very simple: muscle fiber typing. Most individuals have an even proportion of muscle fibers, skewing about 5 to 10 percent less on type II fibers. However, when it comes to elite competition, race—and along with it muscle fiber typing—come into play more. Who is stronger? Why? Who is faster? Why? Who is better at endurance running? Why? The answers to these questions lie in muscle fiber typing, somatype, and, of course, grit and determination. Today I will provide yet more evidence for my argument that whites are stronger than blacks.
Muscle fiber typing by race
I’ll be quick here since I’ve covered this extensively.
Blacks have more type II muscle fibers in comparison to whites who have more type I muscle fibers. This difference in fiber typing causes differences in aerobic capacity which lead to higher rates of cardiorespiratory diseases such as type II diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension.
There are two types of muscle fibers with two divisions: Type I and Type II with the divisions being in the slow twitch fiber, further broken down into Type IIa and Type II x. Type I fibers fire slowly and possess greater aerobic metabolic capacity due to higher levels of lipid, myoglobin, mitochondrial and capillary content. Type II fibers, on the other hand, fire faster, have reduced aerobic capacity (and all that comes with it) and are better equipped for anaerobic activity (explosive sports). Type IIa possesses more aerobic potential than IIx, but less anaerobic potential than type I fibers. Some evidence exists showing that it’s possible to train type II fibers to have a similar aerobic capacity to type I, but I don’t really buy that. It is possible to make aerobic capacity similar to the aerobic capacity that type I fibers have, but type II will not be fully like them.
Blacks have more type II fibers while whites have more type I fibers. Type II fibers predispose people to a myriad of cardiometabolic diseases which are also associated with grip strength.
Differences in fiber typing in elite athletes
Now comes the fun part. How do muscle fibers differ between elite athletes? A few studies have been done but, as expected in physiology studies, they have a low n, but they still do show physiologic differences when compared to the control subjects, physiologic differences that were predicted due to what we know about muscle fiber typing.
Type IIa fibers possess more aerobic potential than IIx, therefore, power lifters have a higher proportion of IIa fibers compared to IIx fibers. It should also be noted that powerlifters have the same amount of type I fibers as the general population (Fry et al, 2003a), so knowing this fact, since blacks have a lower proportion of type I muscle fibers as noted in Caeser and Hunter (2015), this explains why there are very few black power lifters: they have the opposite type II fiber type while having less type I fiber.
Furthermore, Olympic lifters also use a higher percentage of type IIa fibers (Fry et al, 2003b). This also explains the lower amount of blacks in weight lifting as well. Fiber types don’t explain everything, but at elite levels, they do mean a lot and looking at the racial variation explains racial differences in elite sporting competition.
Explaining racial differences in sprinting competitions is easy as well. Type IIx fibers combined with the ACTN3 gene=elite human performance (Mills et al, 2001). The gene ACTN3 was discovered to explain explosive power, and it just so happened to vary by race. William Saletan writes:
the relative frequency of the X allele is 0.52 in Asians, 0.42 in whites, 0.27 in African-Americans, and 0.16 in Africans. If you break out the data further, the frequency of the XX genotype is 0.25 in Asians, 0.20 in European whites, 0.13 in African-Americans, and 0.01 in African Bantu. Conversely, the frequency of RR (the genotype for speed and power) is 0.25 in Asians, 0.36 in European whites, 0.60 in African-Americans, and 0.81 in African Bantu. Among Asians, you can expect to find one RR for every XX. Among whites, you can expect nearly two RRs for every XX. Among African-Americans, you can expect more than four RRs for every XX.
This allele is responsible for explosive power. Explosive power is needed to excel in events such as sprinting, football, basketball and other sports where power is needed in short bursts. However, where blacks have an advantage in explosive power sports, the advantage is lost once events like swimming, power lifting (described above), Olympic lifting (differing fiber type) etc.
Conclusion
Racial differences in elite sporting competition come down to a lot of genetic factors, largely influenced by hormones, genes, and muscle fiber typing. Population variation between known fiber typings/hormones/genes that affect certain types of athletic performance explains a lot of the variation within, and especially between populations. Due to anatomical differences, blacks excel at some sports and suffer at others. The same also holds for whites; there is considerable variation in somatype, some somatypes are better for strongman/powerlifting competitions than others. These differences affect the outcomes of elite sporting competition as well.
Blacks have a higher amount of type II fibers, which accounts for a lot of their disease acquisition (Caesar et al, 2015). Due to this physiologic difference, this is why blacks excel at some sports, and not others.
Once again: Blacks are not stronger than whites.
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Human Muscle Fiber Type–Specific Insulin Signaling: Impact of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/64/2/485
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Unnatural Selection: Muscles, Genes and Genetic Cheats
Can specific genes cause muscles to grow faster or stronger, and can genetic tampering give athletes an unnatural edge?
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/muscles-genes-cheats-2012-olympics-london/
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Muscle Fiber Types and Strength Training
Fast Twitch, Slow Twitch, or In Between?
https://www.verywellfit.com/muscle-fiber-types-for-strength-training-3498714
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What 30 Studies Say About Your Muscle Fiber Type and Muscle Growth
https://www.muscleforlife.com/muscle-fiber-types/
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Skeletal muscle fiber type: using insights from muscle developmental biology to dissect targets for susceptibility and resistance to muscle disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5180455/
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{For more sports statistics on why whites make some of the best athletes for weightlifting, swimming, Winter Olympics, Summer Olympics, shot put, MMA, wrestling, football, baseball, X-games, to many other events such as FIFA soccer tournaments, view our book titled "The Dysgenics Investigation."
DysgenicsInvestigation.Blogspot.com }
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67 kg Georgian powerlifter bench presses 150 kg – A must see record breaking feat
https://www.georgianjournal.ge/sports/30302-67-kg-georgian-powerlifter-bench-presses-150-kg--a-must-see-record-breaking-feat.html
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{We do not honor any record of an individual who is biologically male and who is a "transsexual" trying to compete in a female only event, then claim they are female and set records for a female athletic only event. If you are born with a pair of male genitals, this biologically makes you a male}.
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Why Do Men Run Faster Than Women?
https://www.livescience.com/59289-why-men-run-faster-than-women.html
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Hormones united
The hormone system works like a democracy: every tissue in the body is an endocrine organ asserting its needs and demands
A little over 20 years ago, the physician and geneticist Gerard Karsenty thought that he knew the secret of bone mineralisation, the vital process by which calcium, phosphate and other minerals are bound to a matrix of proteins to make bone hard. There was a small protein, called osteocalcin, which bone cells made and released, and to which calcium avidly stuck. These properties convinced Karsenty that osteocalcin was the means by which bone cells controlled bone-hardening; and so, at his Columbia University lab in New York, he began engineering mice lacking the osteocalcin gene. He predicted that, without osteocalcin, their bones would be a fragile mess.
But that’s not what happened. Bone mineralisation was completely normal – losing osteocalcin had zero impact on this process. In fact, the bones of the engineered mice were heavier than before. The results felt like a disaster.
Then the postdoc who was examining the bones noticed something puzzling: when osteocalcin was absent, getting to the skeleton required her to dig through more fat tissue. It was a curious result that no one had expected. How could tinkering with bone have made the mice obese?
Karsenty thought that they might have mistakenly knocked out the wrong gene. If they’d accidentally removed a gene crucial for fat metabolism and left osteocalcin intact, this would account for both the fat and the normal bones. But no, the genetics had been done right.
There was just one other way to see it: osteocalcin, known to be present in healthy mice, not just in bone but also in blood, was not the agent responsible for bone mineralisation. Instead, it was moving from the bone into the blood, then travelling to fat tissue, where somehow it influenced how that tissue behaved. Because osteocalcin travelled via the circulation from a point of origin (in this case, bone) to a distant site (here, fat tissue) to exert a meaningful biological action, it was what scientists call a hormone.
Bone had long been appreciated as much more than an inert internal scaffolding – step by step, it had been shown to be the seat of red blood cell formation, the body’s dynamic reservoir of calcium, and a tissue that, uniquely in our bodies, is constantly, actively broken down then remade. But still, the idea that it was also an endocrine organ – the definition of any organ excreting hormones – and that it played an essential role in keeping mammals trim, seemed too much. ‘It took us 10 years to accept it,’ says Karsenty. ‘It took me 10 years to accept it.’
Karsenty and others eventually confirmed that bones secrete hormones essential for an animal’s health. And with that finding, the skeleton joined a growing list of tissues shown to participate in a body-wide conversation between organs. The traditional concept of the endocrine system as a second-command system working in tandem with the nervous system – and largely directed by the brain – is being replaced with a more autonomous view of interorgan communication, one in which most, if not all, organs have a voice. Grasping the logic of a control system in which the body’s organs are both the targets of hormonal commands and the source of them is still only beginning, but the clinical implications are sure to be profound.
https://aeon.co/essays/the-revolutionary-idea-revealing-the-bodys-hormonal-democracy
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Sexual dimorphism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_dimorphismSexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs. The condition occurs in many animals and some plants. Differences may include secondary sex characteristics, size, weight, color, markings, and may also include behavioral and cognitive differences. These differences may be subtle or exaggerated, and may be subjected to sexual selection. The opposite of dimorphism is monomorphism.
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Big Females Rule in the Animal Kingdom
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/daphne-fairbairn/animal-female-size_b_3177995.html
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The conflict between males and females could replace the evolution of new species
https://phys.org/news/2018-02-conflict-males-females-evolution-species.html
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Male and female brains: the REAL differences
https://www.theguardian.com/science/brain-flapping/2013/dec/04/male-female-brains-real-differences
As previously mentioned, there is an established size difference between male and female brains. Male brains tend to be bigger overall than female ones. This is also true for male legs, torsos and skeletons in general. Human men generally tend to be bigger than women, and this is reflected in brain size. Some argue that this means men are more intelligent than women. Using that same logic, human beings are intellectually inferior to elephants and sperm whales. Certain people may scoff at this very notion. “You never see elephants or sperm whales queuing for the latest version of the iPhone!” the might say, which probably doesn’t prove the point they think it does. Sperm whales and elephants also never publicly criticize statements made by figments of their imagination, so they’re doing well overall.
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‘Not fair’: World cycling bronze medalist cries foul after transgender woman wins gold
https://www.foxnews.com/sports/not-fair-world-cycling-bronze-medalist-cries-foul-after-transgender-woman-wins-gold
--------------------
{This so-called transgendered man needs to forfeit their title as being first place. This is not fair to biological females that train for all their lives to succeed in trying to get a scholarship, trying to get first place in an event would be like the feeling of winning a Championship. It is sad how these women take all this time and effort, only to have some dude come in and now beat them at an all women's sporting event.
As they say, if you are a dude born with testicles, this makes it so that you were born
biologically male and not female. You should not be able to compete in women's only events
such as women's track or women's wrestling. Why are we even having this conversation about some dude in clown makeup and a wig that wants to compete in events for women only.
Why is it that these people even dare try to debate on these subjects.
Some dude on psych meds, clown makeup and a wig is trying to push all of these agendas.
Would you really want some dude on psych meds, clown makeup and a wig trying to
point a gun at you if they were in the military or a police officer}.
-----------------------
'Transgender' Man Wins Women's Cycling World Championship
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZuv9U8Qbi8---------------------
Martina Navratilova says transgender women are 'cheating' if they compete in women's sport
Martina Navratilova has claimed that allowing transgender women to compete in professional is “insane and cheating”.The legendary tennis player who came out as a lesbian in 1981, said competing against trans women who still had “biologically” male bodies made a mockery of women’s sport.
https://uk.news.yahoo.com/martina-navratilova-says-transgender-women-181137137.html
"Transgender booed, cheered after wrestling title they didn’t want"
https://nypost.com/2017/02/26/transgender-boy-booed-cheered-after-wrestling-title-he-didnt-want/
Beggs completed an undefeated season by winning a controversial title in an event clouded by criticism from those who believe the testosterone "he’s" taking as he transitions from female to male created an unfair advantage.
His family has said he would rather be wrestling boys, but state policy calls for students to wrestle against the gender listed on their birth certificates. So the junior from Euless Trinity beat Chelsea Sanchez 12-2 in the 110-pound weight class to improve to 56-0 and earn the championship.
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Transgender Breaks Woman's Skull! MMA Fighter Fallon Fox
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxzk6kYtGhw
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Wrestler refuses to compete against girl
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wMnK6q9aNI--------------------
As trans high school athletes win state titles, parents petition to ban them
No one should be excluding trans athletes because of the success of two hard-working youth.
https://www.outsports.com/2018/6/14/17458696/trans-athlete-connecticut-high-school-ban-petition{We disagree with this article and believe biological males should be banned from all female only sporting events}.
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Rams male cheerleader Napoleon Jinnies opens up about being gay
Napoleon Jinnies made history as a male NFL cheerleader and he did it as a gay man.
https://www.outsports.com/2019/2/11/18219466/rams-male-cheerleader-napoleon-jinnies-gay-----------------------
World Athletics denies new ruling will label athletes like Olympian Caster Semenya as 'biologically male'
https://www.foxnews.com/sports/world-athletics-may-force-south-african-olympic-champ-to-lower-her-natural-testosterone-levels-to-race-------------------------
World Champion Bodybuilder Comes Out as Transgender
"I do identify as both transgender and gender fluid because these are the closest any available labels come to describing who I am."
https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/news/a44009/world-champion-bodybuilder-comes-out-as-transgender/--------------------------
{The problem is that sometimes all it takes is one narrow minded liberal to take over an organisation to ruin it and bring it to the ground, we see this becoming a growing problem with many organisations.
It is not good how many gay people want to try and interfere with other people's family and say how we should just have one sex, to where the gay agenda goes way too far. If anything it gives a very bad example of how some people should be acting. A lot of these people really are acting like trolls. Even when the press defends the gay community from attacks against Muslims or even other groups, then many of the gays just go and try to go too far on too many issues where it backfires.
We can clearly see the government is trying to degrade humanity and slowly replace humans with machines as well.
The white race needs to be first before any gay agenda that is trying to devolve humanity.
We need to stop many of these dyke social workers in the government from breaking up families and ruining America. Too many dykes and liberals are now trying to get into government and take away guns, while bringing in illegal immigrants as well. There is a reason why America did not let dykes have any control over gun control or immigration, and why we must stop these dykish liberal groups from trying to ruin America. We should not let liberals have any say on trying to restrict gun control or bring in more illegal immigrants to ruin America.
Women need to know their place in society.
Honestly, what is it going to be like when many of these people taking hormone pills have children. Is this going to create a slow devolution of humanity, only time will tell. Some groups say that we should not allow people to take hormone pills and have children. You see now why I am trying to regulate population and race to save humanity from devolution. Of course we do not hate gay people, we just think that some of these agendas go too far, and if anything gives bisexuals a bad name. Then you wonder why some groups hate gays in the past, and even now see them as more of a threat than before. We can see that many gays however do not have children, then end up having sex with other people of the same sex and spreading disease instead. This is actually why certain small outposts and towns slowly degraded over time from fornication and disease}.
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{There is a big backlash in many countries against gays right now.
Being gay or bisexual can lead to a destructive lifestyle.
Because instead of having sex with only a female and having a child, you go and have sex with some dude then get AIDS and your lineage is ruined.
This is why certain religions only say marriage is between a man and a women for the specific purpose of procreating.
Then we have some gays come in and say that the Bible says that it is OK to be gay.
I am saying that marriage is between a man and a woman, especially Christian marriage, and that the Bible says not to fornicate. The Bible even says to put gay people to death.
At least if you fornicate with a women you might have a kid, but two guys will not have a kid, unless now of course they both go and have a surrogate child.
We know some gay people that do not want tranny bathrooms. Some gays think that
marriage is between a man and a woman, and that marriage is not between two men, and that this is a special bond between a man and a woman. Most gays believe they should have some type of similar benefits of marriage rights, but some believe they do not need to be in actual marriage.
We are tired of gays thinking that Christianity or Islam somehow says that it is OK to be gay, when these religions strictly forbid homosexuality. But does it not say in the Bible to love your neighbor and to love one another, these religions also say to kill homosexuals}.
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{I believe we should not let liberals vote on some issues, this would include male liberals or female liberals being allowed to take away gun rights, wanting to let illegal immigrants in and many other events that have to deal with national security. These groups are better off voting on basic things such as what color to paint the city hall.
If you give many women the power to vote, the majority will vote to take away gun rights, many will vote for open borders, and they will vote to bring a bunch of Muslims and Persians into their country. This also goes for many liberal men and minorities as well that try and undermine society and freedom, then want to degrade it into a third world socialist Rockefeller/Rothschild state as we see happening in Europe right now}.
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Women Want Gun Control More Than Men, New Poll Shows
https://www.newsweek.com/women-want-gun-control-more-men-753999
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‘Seattle-ization’? American cities fear what’s happened here
https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-ization-american-cities-fear-whats-happened-here/
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Entire U.S. About to Get a Taste of California
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOnEaVsbVnw
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NBC News Exit Poll: Most voters support stricter gun control measures
https://www.nbcnews.com/card/nbc-news-exit-poll-most-voters-support-stricter-gun-control-n932756---------------------
Six in 10 Americans Support Stricter Gun Laws
https://news.gallup.com/poll/243797/six-americans-support-stricter-gun-laws.aspx---------------------
{We need to stop many of these non-whites from trying to restrict gun rights from the American people. We must stop these non-whites from trying to vote or have influence to take
guns away in America from American citizens, this would also include trying to vote on trying to bring in more non-white immigrants to America as well}.
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Most Still Favor Stricter Gun Laws, But It's Fading As A 2018 Voting Issue
https://www.npr.org/2018/04/19/603909072/most-still-favor-stricter-gun-laws-but-its-fading-as-a-2018-voting-issue---------------
{Most of a lot of the newer generations of Americans are not worth a damn; they have become a conquered nation and a conquered people. Even when all of you people are being conquered and now that your own people face genocide, is this the best you can do?
Is this what the American people have become reduced to? A bunch of no good foreigner
lovers that want to bring in low IQ savages and take away your guns.
I say you have turned into a bunch of no good faggots.
We predict that most of the freedoms we have in America will soon be over if we do not stop these groups from trying to destroy America, simply because the American people are too ignorant to defend their own country. I honestly would execute a good majority of many of the traitors in America, or simply just deport them. The American people completely disregard multiple important independent media channels.
If anyone is the problem, it is many of the citizens of America and not independent media organsations such as my media organisation.
If the American people followed me, then most of them probably would not have ended up in FEMA camps eventually. I do not even consider most of these liberals even real countrymen anymore, and have now regressed to something else.
It is now going to be FEMA camps all around for the American people most likely, a nice big fat Socialist Red Dawn Jewish ran FEMA camp is what many of you are going to get for allowing a bunch of socialist Mexican and Cubans in the country. Look at how sad it is that many of the American people even now ask for more illegal immigrants, open borders and gun confiscations while being rounded up in FEMA camps, you people honestly disgust me and I DESPISE what you have now become. I was the one that tried to stop many of you from going to FEMA camps, now we see how many of these idiot Americans now want to even have more gun control.
We still love America and the American people, we honestly cannot say that we like what many Americans have become. We know that there are many good people and families still worth saving from genocide.
We could not think of a more weak and cowardly group of people than these some of these people in the new Emo generations.
When we look at the animal kingdom we can see that certain animals kill off and even
can create an extinction of another animal species. We can see the same laws of nature
also apply to apes and humans as well. Stronger cultures in the past have killed off weaker
cultures to survive. We can see the way nature takes its course in life, that this world
sometimes goes in favor of the species that kills off another species in order to survive and compete for the same area, but this also is not always the case.
Many people believe in the theory that the fit survive on this planet. This has a little truth but is not always the case, and there are many different factors to why a species dies or thrives.
To me white society is worth saving. Trying to turn the entire world into a 3rd world ghetto with no white people would seem a very bad idea.
I mean honestly my blogs and videos never used to be this racist either, until you start to realize some things. It seems that a lot of most of the people who really never want to help out the media try to fight all the toxins in our food, water, clothing or dozens of other types of events would be the low IQ wannabe gangster community. You basically never see any low IQ black or Mexican gangsters trying to help out in the community in many different ways. Then once you start to see how many of these Mexicans and blacks act, and you wonder why people are so racist against blacks because of how many black people try to act. Many of these groups would rather only go to an anti-racist/anti-white protest than to help out in many other political events or gatherings.
But honestly what do I really expect from the Black Friday generation. Many of you are selfish, I can see why someone would want to call for population control in order to not let so many Mexican and black gangsters just have as many scumbag low IQ kids as they want. This is why we should regulate the high IQ white race to not face genocide from these savages.
Then you wonder why we had the South American Jaguar Cults and they were sacrificing people like savages.
I am calling you out and saying that no one in the media will be able to get through to a bunch of low IQ idiots and morons that are more concerned about the newest rap music and designer sneakers. If anything, the way many of these crude black and Mexican degenerates act will end up harming the rest of us eventually and here is why.
We can see how many of the powers that be already want 50-90% of you dead anyways, am I right?
Having these degenerate hood rats around is not helping humanity in any way. If you were in power would you allow many of these degenerate hood rats to keep up with what they are doing and ruin society? Technically they are trying to bring in more low IQ degenerates to ruin society and bring in a one world third world socialist state.
If anything we should get rid of a lot of these low IQ ghetto people or ship them back to the areas with low IQ savage bushmen in Africa. We should save humanity, including many scientists and inventors from the same fate of genocide from this low IQ ignorant culture that needs to change.
We cannot let a bunch of crude low IQ ghetto trash inherit the world, how will they ever even be able to compete on a scientific level as many of the first world nations. It just does not seem right having a bunch of Mexican and black gangsters walking around on a space station with no white people around. We know how many brown people want white people out of the picture, because non-whites see whites as a threat.
You know the last thing a brown person wants to hear is that brown people evolved from white people, in fact if you even try to say this statement around many brown people and they will automatically think of racism. Then we see how it is perfectly normal and acceptable for brown people to hear that white people evolved from black Africans. Then we see how far many brown people go to cover up these scientific facts that prove that many brachycephalic groups of people are actually a product of dysgenic devolution over the course of many thousands of years}.
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FAT GUY vs 6 PACK Getting Free Hugs (SOCIAL EXPERIMENT)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i5SCCRgDhA-----------------
{Even when white Europe is facing genocide from a bunch of Muslims and Persians, this is still
how many white women act and welcome these invaders with open arms. Look at all the great
men who fought against the Muslims and Persians coming into Europe, only to eventually
become betrayed by their own race of people, and mostly by ignorant feminist women that
have brought down their own culture and society.
What about all the white women who break up families and want palimony, alimony, child
support payments and want to take half of everything. Or how white women want husbands
with millions of dollars, or that are only famous. Many women may even wait too long to find a husband to have a child because they are way too demanding on many different levels of wanting to have their so-called perfect guy. We can see how brainwashed many white women have become. Many white women even betray their own ancestors and their own kind by trying to have a kid with a lower IQ black, then demand that their black child stay in an area that is designated for white western culture. All of this is going on while Muslims have 10 children and do not give many women any of these options.
If anything we should stop palimony and women taking half of what they do not deserve. If anything women really are there to look nice and have children and to help out. There are times in history when women start acting this way, and why they are often restricted to their so-called equal rights, simply so that they do not try to take away your guns and bring in illegal immigrants in times of war}.
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HOMELESS MAN vs 6 PACK (SOCIAL EXPERIMENT)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5mqxNy_crs
{This is a good example of how women will act against immigrants and invading armies. This is why women were never even allowed to vote or go into combat, and that their job was to produce children. You see some women also in the past act the same way, where they wanted to bring in Persians into Greece, and would call Greek men racist for not opening their borders. We can see why Sparta did not allow women to vote, and this was for good reason. We love women, and we know it is in their genetics to nourish and be mothers, and this is how some women react to men in general.
This is also why women were not allowed to vote on many things such as gun rights and immigration in America.
We think that women and liberals should have rights to vote, but not on every policy such as gun control.
We can see that America in the past restricted women on voting for gun restrictions and immigration, and women were not allowed to vote. We can see that other countries do not allow women to vote on many things. We need segregation so that we stop these Arabic and Persian Muslims from trying to breed with white women. I don't care what race you are, we need to stop non-whites in general from trying to thin out the white race population.
We need to stop brown people from trying to destroy the white race.
We need to stop Muslims from trying to kill off whites. We need to stop all Muslims from expanding their borders, or I suggest we eliminate all of these Islamic governments once and for all.
Let us say if Islam conquered Europe, we would still want to regulate the white race and kick out these Arabs so they do not destroy the white race. We cannot let a bunch of these Arabs try to kill off whites as we see in the movie 300, then have a bunch of feminist and liberal hunchbacks bring a bunch of Persians right into western society to ruin it.
I think we should have population and race control where you already have plenty of Chinese in China, plenty of Indians in India and plenty of blacks in Africa. We can see a decline in the white race over many dysgenic races of people, and that we demand that we regulate a majority of white people in white ethno-states. We must start kicking out many of these dysgenic brown races from white society and white communities.
We need to stop these black men from dating and having children with white women, this is equal to a white person being murdered and never being able to carry on their white lineage.
Many have said that we could just eliminate the majority of the surface population in order for the white race to survie as well, this could also be another option. However, a race war right now could go either way, but I think that the whites would win.
We can see many of the dysgenic, brachycephalic and genetic problems in blacks, and that we demand we keep these black people away from the superior white DNA gene pool. If you are going to have mixed race people, they should have their own area and that these births should be regulated.
I speak for the majority of white people when I say that white people are their own exotic race and deserve to have their own area and ethno-state. We can see how many primates all have become endangered and are now protected.
If anything we can see how many of the dysgenic non-white races have already declared their war on the white race. I say we demand population control and race control, and that if the white population falls any further in western society, that we depopulate the non-white population out of all majority western white nations.
Notice how Spain used to be white people and a white country in Europe. Now just look at how short of a time Spain has been browned up, and many of these unwanted brown Spanish Gypsies then go travel and settle around the rest of Europe. Spanish isn't that bad of a language, it is an European language, but it is annoying to hear Spanish now, simply because it has become a language of the Mexican. Even a lot of Mexicans do not even know how to properly speak Spanish, and use a ghetto accent when they speak Spanish, just like they use the same very annoying ghetto accent when they try and speak English. Look at how some blacks and Hispanics learn English as a first language all their lives and still don't even know how to properly speak and act}.
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Gender and Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Europe
Abstract
Gender emerges as a key site of contestation with respect to immigrants’ integration and public presence in Europe. The recent politicization of gender and Islam in immigration debates marks an increasingly salient constructed opposition between egalitarian European values and traditional immigrant cultures. Against this background, this study investigates how gender structures attitudes toward immigrants of different economic and cultural profiles. Prior research finds that women are usually less likely to exhibit anti-immigrant attitudes than are men. Using 2014 European Social Survey data, results show that women are no less likely to hold anti-immigrant attitudes. However, in a significant reversal of traditional gender patterns, women are more likely to hold targeted anti-Muslim attitudes. Further, social trust moderates this gendered anti-Muslim effect. I interpret findings as a shift in how gender structures xenophobia resulting from the increased salience of gender ideology as a boundary-defining feature and growing demonization of Muslims as gender inegalitarian.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2378023117729970
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{We also need to stop many of these blacks from trying to date white women and give white women AIDS.
I am tired of seeing all the promotion of these black men with white women. We need to start the process of deporting all Africans back to Africa. We must put a stop and a cap to the amount of blacks dating white women and having mixed race children that continue to underperform in the scholastic and scientific community on average.
Gays already have their rights, it is sad to see how too many gays try too hard to where they
are now reversing a lot these rights they have been given.
A lot of gay people also tend to be liberals, and that some of these low testosterone men that continue to eat genetically modified soy have regressed into being these beta males. What do you think this is going to do to the human gene pool when we have a bunch of beta males walking around and breeding with beta females.
The other problem is that we need to stop other dysgenic races from trying to breed with
white people and take some of our good white DNA, then ruin it with some of these dysgenic
genetic brachycephalic mutations that many other non-whites have.
We need to save the lineage and DNA of all the white people and preserve the white race so that
we can continue to create some of the best humans on the planet. What happens when some of
our best white athletes and scientists start to have a kid with some low IQ African.
What could have been the next best strongman with the IQ of a Tesla is many times often reduced down to some dysgenic qualities we see in lower IQ people.
We need laws in place to protect the white race as a protected species.
We need laws in place to stop any black, Mexican, Hispanic, Oriental, Jew, Muslim, dyke,
faggot, wigger, liberal, Gypsy or machines from trying to destroy the white race.
We need to protect the white race from all of these groups.
We can see how many races of non-whites have actually turned to having many dysgenic traits.
We must stop these dysgenic races of human from trying to kill higher
IQ white humans that are more evolved with higher IQ.
Stop these South American Jaguar people from trying to genocide off whites. Many South Americans decided to degenerate your bloodlines with trying to breed with a bunch of retarded groups of "Jaguar people." You see white people never really practiced trying to breed with retarded humans to make a sub-group of people as we see in the South American community. We see that South Americans and Persians did try to breed with retards often, and this diluted down their gene pools as well. Third world nations also have a higher rate of rapes as well, and that many of those low IQ savage bushmen and Muslims rape women and also have low IQ children as well.
If anything, the remainder of white western society needs to call for race control and immigration control before these third world dysgenics take down America like they take down the rest of the world. We should repopulate white western society as a majority white ethno-state. We must deport many of these brachycephalic blacks and brown people that want to kill whites, and finally deport them out of western society and back to where they belong.
We cannot kill off white humans that were meant to live on this planet, then someone let these
groups gang up and try to replace white humans with a dysgenic brachycephalic lower IQ third world trash.
We see how bad some of these dysgenic brachycephalic and dolicocephalic brown humans want to kill off white people like a third world savage, where are the standards to protect the white race from these lower IQ groups of individuals.
Look at this, it is almost like a deformed creature or an Orc, just like something out of Lord of the Rings that wants to kill white people, this is how many white people feel.
Look at how these low IQ blacks just want to murder and pillage whites.
Then we see how these low IQ blacks and low IQ brown people try to act like a low IQ thuggish gangster all the time, and say how we need an one world race of people that should also be a
brachycephalic and dolicocephalic one world race of lower IQ brown people. You just want to eliminate the original white human species and white women, then replace them with a lesser grade people and lesser hot women. If we hear anymore talk about a one world race, then we are going to say that we should have a one world race of white people over a one world race of brown brachycephalic lower IQ groups of third world degenerates. How could we promote these third world degenerates over a superior higher IQ first world group of people.
Some claim that they want to brown people up a little and make it an one world Abrahamic Jewish Chrislam race of Jews, Christians and Muslims that are all one race.
As far as I am concerned, many blacks almost do not even act human, the same with many Mexicans, many act like a different grade of human. Many also have smaller skulls than whites and Orientals. Let's be brutally honest and admit that many blacks and Mexican's don't know how to act in western society and why there remains more gangs, crimes, graffiti, murder and theft in many of these black and Hispanic ghettos. Now some even say we need an one world race of more lower IQ black and Mexican gangsters running around the globe. I still believe that blacks are human, even if they may be a different type of human than a white.
Some think its possible that whites and blacks could have different lineages and different species or groups of ancestors. Many would say that this is why white people are superior in technology and many different things compared to some of the lower IQ groups we see in third world countries and in Africa.
We are tired of blacks trying to trash up white society and western culture, we are even tired of blacks trying to trash up black society and black culture. We need a plan to deport the majority of Africans, mulatto groups and non-whites out of America, Europe and all western white nations.
We demand that we regulate the white race in western nations, or we are going to call all white
people to defend themselves from these attacks against these groups that want to kill off the real evolved white humans.
Of course you know that many of you would not have much honor in wanting to save the white race, and would rather want white people dead.
Even when you try and tell a brachycephalic human that they in fact are a brachycephalic human, they don't even want to listen, instead we hear how they want to kill whitey off.
Look at how the dysgenic brachycephalic and dolicocephalic blacks think they are actually the original humans, now isn't this funny.
When you give the scientific facts that blacks are in fact a dysgenic brachycephalic and dolicocephalic human, most people will call racism. Many will not even look at the facts of how blacks are in fact dysgenic brachycephalic and dolicocephalic group of humans.
Science is racist, and many people do not like the results of scientific data that explains how one race of species is superior to another race.
Many try to say that all humans are created equal but this is not the case. The statement that all
things are equal when they are not is a fallacy. Some humans have bigger brains and higher IQ than others, while some humans are stronger than others. Of course some mean to say that all humans should have equal rights. I think that you should not let a Persian or Muslim have equal rights in a place such a Greece or Sparta, and then look at how these Persians are now invading Greece still as we speak. We need to kill off all the Persians and Muslims out of Europe and Greece at all costs, the ancient Greeks would have wanted to save humanity from these third world savages that continue to try and kill off whites. Look at what happens when you give third world degenerate Persians equal rights in a place such as Europe, see to it that we eliminate these Persians out of Europe once and for all.
As we can see, so what if an ape can jump a little higher than a human, do we actually want to breed with an ape? The ape can jump a little higher, but look at how much lower
of an IQ an ape has. Have people become so primitive that they would rather want to jump .01 inches higher as a lower IQ primate, or run .01 seconds faster as some type of low IQ primate, than be the next great Tesla.
We need a way for these dysgenic brachycephalic black Africans to stop trying to breed whites out of extinction with more dysgenic lower IQ non-white people that should have really been white instead. We need to stop these blacks from stealing our white women, that is exactly what we are going to do.
What could have been the next great strongman or white Da Vinci is now ruined and has become some 80 IQ mulatto instead. The best thing to do is start deporting non-whites
out of white western societies. We should have it to over 90% white in western society, and regulate it to keep it that way. More people want to be born into a white body and have
white features with blonde hair, brown hair, black hair, red hair, blue eyes, green eyes, brown eyes, hazel eyes, etc. Many non-whites dye their hair, wear eye contacts, lighten their skin and get plastic surgery to look white. Then you say how you want a one world race to eliminate white people.
Just for the record I do not hate any race, you can clearly see that the government and many
people want to eliminate white people. I am here to explain why white people are their own
race and why we should have regulations and standards in place so that white people, Orientals, blacks and Arabs all can live in their own area and not face genocide or a race war.
The question is how much money would it take a black African to move to Africa?
When you start letting in millions of dysgenic refugees into white lands, this is considered an act of war. I will do all in my power to save my people from these other groups of people and tribes that are responsible for the genocide of my people and whites.
White people were here before Orientals, Orientals have white skin and their faces were deformed, Orientals still have a high IQ. Many will say that the IQ of many Orientals is not quite as high as a white Einstein or white Tesla.
Orientals even cheat on IQ tests to appear they are smarter than they really are.
Then we see how crude and brutal the Chinese government acts, and how the Chinese government wants white people dead as well, and wants to take over the globe with the United Nations for a one world communist and socialist agenda. We know that the thing with socialism is groups such as the Rothschilds and the Rockefellers would still get the majority of the wealth, and that people would even get less resources under bad socialism.
This is why many people that were even for socialism or communism are now against it, simply because they know it will be socialism under the Rothschilds. Now many socialists will fight for anything better than a socialist Jewish Rothschild state that is now being created.
Now the worst part to talk about is how groups such as the Rockefellers want to kill all people and races, and why it is a concern that we tell the public and be open about this. We see the
Rockefellers trying to spike many of the vaccines and harm all children in general to even worsen the bloodlines of humanity.
We think it is a concern when random groups start spiking vaccines for all races of children.
We are not for harming anyone, we are calling for population control, race control and segregation so that we do not have a race war. We want to save white neighborhoods from these different races of people that want white humans dead. This is why having segregation is simple and the best way for everyone to have equal rights, and to not feel as if one race is taking over another race. I speak for all whites, and white people do not feel comfortable leaving our children at the mercy of these lower IQ non-white groups that want to slowly
restrict and suffocate the white population. We are tired of white society being watered down with more lower IQ South American Gypsies, Spanish/Middle Eatern Euro Gypsy degenerates and a bunch of Middle Eastern Hajis.
We should have black and mulatto people go back to Africa, we should ship the Mexicans and Central Americans to South America. America and Canada should be a white ethno-state, and that white people were actually the first native Americans.
Look at how we have white human skeletons and African skeletons in North America and South America, then all of a sudden whites just vanished. We claim that if anything white people were the first true native Americans, and that these brown people murdered whites and claimed to be the first natives of the land.
View our book on the White Native Americans}.
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White Native Americans
WhiteNativeAmericans.Blogspot.com
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{Our new series on Solomon's Temple}
Solomon's Temple Investigation Marathon
https://solomonstempleinvestigation.blogspot.com
----------
{When black and brown people try to inhabit lands, they will always try to claim how they were the original inhabitants of certain areas when they were not.
Look at how people in the media are surrounded by plenty of cowards, we can see that
instead of having decent people that would fight and defend the press, we have these no
good cowards, weaklings and sissies. The same goes for some women, even when our race of
people face genocide, even now you say how you want to take white privilege away and make a one world low IQ dysgenic brachycephalic race of inferior humans. Look at how many traitors there are in the white race, and that many people are even brainwashed to betray and destroy their own race. Then you wonder why men want to have nothing to do with some of these feminist bull dykes that just stab their own race of people and their own country in back like a coward. You know how some men act like cowards, well it is the same exact thing for women as well. We need to stop many feminist dykes from trying to destroy America, voting on taking away gun rights and letting illegal Mexicans in. I say we do not let liberals, women and brown people vote on certain things in America, and that would be for voting any form of gun control, immigration and many other things that could undermine America as well.
Who ever even voted to allow to just let more blacks and Mexicans to come into America, we can see that it was the Jew that constantly tries to bring in brown people to white nations to overthrow white nations.
There is a reason why we have the Immigration Act of 1924 that banned Jews, Muslims, Arabs, Africans, Orientals and East Indians from coming to America. We need to start deporting all of these groups out of western nations once and for all.
We are calling for the removal of the majority of non-whites out of America, Canada, Europe and other white western areas. We need to make America and Europe a safe haven for whites, so that the real white humans do not face genocide from these deformed lower IQ humans that want to try and kill whites and replace them.
We demand that all whites defend themselves from these dysgenic brachycephalic humans that want whites dead at any cost.
The white race should come before any gay agenda or any bull dyke agenda. See to it that liberals do not work together and sympathize with third world people to let them
try to undermine white civilization.
Now we see why America outlawed liberal faggots trying to get together and take away your
gun rights and allow illegal immigrants in.
Look at how most of the gay people are the people voting for candidates such as Beto O'Rourke, and it is many in the gay community that promote and continue to bring in tons of illegal immigrants into America and Europe. Look at how it is just some gay person with a rainbow flag on their car, voting in a politician that wants to take away guns and bring in illegal immigrants with open borders. At the same time these liberals with Beto O'Rourke bumper stickers need to be stopped, most of them have imported cars as well. We need to do anything to stop these traitors from ruining America.
Many of these liberals hate America and want to ruin it from the inside.
-----------------------
As I mentioned before we don't hate gay people, we just think that sometimes enough is enough with all of the new 'PC' laws, and that it was almost better 20 years ago than it is now. I mean honestly, what type of other agendas are we going to see in the coming years. Maybe the best thing to do is just to resort back to how life once was without all of this Politically correct garbage.
Then I have also spoken out against Muslims killing all cultures of people including gays, and
this is what the gay community does in return, is just cram all this PC garbage into white
families. We are not trying to blame gay people, but more liberals, and that we know more gay people tend to be liberals these days. This is why if I were in control of a country, I would try to set in place laws so that no liberal could overthrow my country and genocide off my people with trying to vote to undermine the infrastructure of my country, whether they were straight or gay.
Honestly it just does not work a lot of times when bull dykes try to man up and act like men in a lot of situations also. You can see how it slowly degrades and chips away letting many of
these liberals try to have a say on gun control, immigration control and many other things as well. The problem is that many dykes should not even be police chiefs, and that this has even failed in many instances.
Maybe you all can vote and decide on what certain projects a town might do, but we should not
allow many of this liberal idiots to vote on gun control and illegal immigration because they will ruin America.
I hate to say it but all the excessive stuff the PC culture pushes for is not good, I could see how some leaders and groups of people would want to counter the liberal gay agenda by any means possible, and that would even mean killing many liberals that were trying to take down society.
If you think about it, a lot of groups have people that ruin it for others, whether it is pro-black groups that often may go too far, or any type of gay liberal group that tries to go too far.
We hear the government is trying to turn men into basically low testosterone men with high estrogen. This is why Monsanto is also introducing Genetically modified soy, and why we created our website to stop Monsanto from doing this to more people.
Yes, people are being biologically attacked with chemicals found in our food, water, vaccines and clothing.
Yes they are trying to reduce real men and turn them into weaklings and sissies. I couldn't think of an easier society to overthrow, considering how some of these no good liberal emo faggots act. I could not think of an easier pushover than some of these groups of people these days.
Then you wonder why they are promoting this emo culture everywhere.
Look at how even many people in East Asia are such pushovers, like the Korean people. Look at stuff like K-Pop and how many Koreans are so very brainwashed into many different things like this.
Look at how Korea is also slowly being flooded with Muslims as we see the Korean people also slowly facing genocide from the New World Order plan for the one world race.
The Korean people are a conquered people and a conquered nation, and they let a bunch of no good Muslims in now while they all attend K-Pop concerts}.
-------------------
The countries where homosexuality is still illegal
https://www.theweek.co.uk/96298/the-countries-where-homosexuality-is-still-illegal
{We can see a lot of Islamic countries outlaw gays, but that many other countries that are not Islamic also outlaw homosexuals as well. Homosexuality was once outlawed in America. The problem is that many gay men also try to give each other AIDS, and instead of having children, they may end up giving 100 or more of your citizens AIDS. Then you wonder why many militaries do not allow gays to be in the military. Some people think that we should isolate gays and that gay people should have their own areas or islands to go, but others say that being gay is a freedom of expression and a right to have a choice. We are aware that any person trying to have sex can get a virus, you can even get a virus while trying to procreate, which is why we should try to eliminate many of the viruses we find today. However, viruses are a part of nature and have always been around, and that this is the way of nature. There is a reason why many religions and cultures warn young people and attempt to stop them from fornication, because you could get syphilis and die, and never carry on your bloodline that could live for millions of years as a part of your own living DNA. Yes we are aware that Homosexuality is natural in the animal kingdom as well, but this is also how diseases are also spread}.
----------------------
Merkel presses Putin over anti-gay purge in Chechnya
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/02/angela-merkel-vladimir-putin-russia-investigate-lgbt-torture-claims-chechnya----------------------
Forget the wall already, it's time for the U.S. to have open borders
https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/07/31/open-borders-help-economy-combat-illegal-immigration-column/862185002/
{Shame on USA today, we need to arrest and deport anyone who is trying to bring in open borders to America as a traitor, and that is final. I know you claim that you think you have the right to undermine America and bring in a bunch of unlawful foreigners, but we also reserve the right to execute or deport all traitors to America. We should also be cautious of Vice,
the Atlantic, Politico and many other media organisations that we will list in a following article soon}.
-----------------------
"Let him in."
Transgender Bathroom Debate - Curt Schilling Facebook Post
https://knowyourmeme.com/photos/1108969-transgender-bathroom-debate
( https://knowyourmeme.com/photos/1109368-transgender-bathroom-debate )
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Transgender deaths in the US remain high for 2018: 'Epidemic of violence targeting minority people'
It is the second year in a row that the number has been that high
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/transgender-deaths-us-stats-murder-rates-trans-lgbt-a8730981.html------------
The conflict between males and females could replace the evolution of new species
https://phys.org/news/2018-02-conflict-males-females-evolution-species.html
New research from the UK has shown that exactly the same mechanism of evolution that creates new species also operates within the same species when males and females compete for the ecological resources available in different habitats, such as bushy areas or stony patches with abundant food. The conflict between the sexes can lead to one sex becoming bigger, more colourful or adapting to eat different food, just like a traditional process of evolution by natural selection can lead an ancestor to split into two different species.
This process of evolution between the sexes expands the biodiversity of the area - a development that evolutionary biologists previously thought only occurred when the number of different species using different resources or 'niches' increases. This new research challenges that assumption, showing that different species and different sexes of the same species can occupy these niches.
--------------------
Sperm Count Zero
2018A strange thing has happened to men over the past few decades: We’ve become increasingly infertile, so much so that within a generation we may lose the ability to reproduce entirely. What’s causing this mysterious drop in sperm counts—and is there any way to reverse it before it’s too late?
https://www.gq.com/story/sperm-count-zero
------------------------
The reasons why women's voices are deeper today
http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20180612-the-reasons-why-womens-voices-are-deeper-today
-------------------------
Pharmaceuticals lurking in U.S. water supply
AP probe found traces of meds in water supplies of 41 million Americans
Key findings
Here are some of the key test results obtained by the AP:
- Officials in Philadelphia said testing there discovered 56 pharmaceuticals or byproducts in treated drinking water, including medicines for pain, infection, high cholesterol, asthma, epilepsy, mental illness and heart problems. Sixty-three pharmaceuticals or byproducts were found in the city’s watersheds.
- Anti-epileptic and anti-anxiety medications were detected in a portion of the treated drinking water for 18.5 million people in Southern California.
- Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey analyzed a Passaic Valley Water Commission drinking water treatment plant, which serves 850,000 people in Northern New Jersey, and found a metabolized angina medicine and the mood-stabilizing carbamazepine in drinking water.
- A sex hormone was detected in San Francisco’s drinking water.
- The drinking water for Washington, D.C., and surrounding areas tested positive for six pharmaceuticals.
- Three medications, including an antibiotic, were found in drinking water supplied to Tucson, Ariz.
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/23503485/ns/health-health_care/t/pharmaceuticals-lurking-us-drinking-water/#.XGwEbrh7k2w
{Maybe this would explain why there are so many gay people in San Francisco}.
---------------------------
New report Don't blame The Pill for estrogen in drinking water
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2011/acs-presspac-february-23-2011/new-report-dont-blame-the-pill-for-estrogen-in-drinking-water.html
--------------------------
Sedatives and Sex Hormones in Our Water Supply
https://www.alternet.org/2008/03/sedatives_and_sex_hormones_in_our_water_supply/
---------------------------
12 Worst Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals & Their Health Effects
https://www.livescience.com/40733-hormone-disrupting-chemicals-health.html
* BPA* Dioxin
*Atrazine
*Phthalates
*Perchlorate
*Fire Retardants*Lead
*PFCs
*Mercury
*Arsenic
*Organophosphate pesticides
*Glycol Esters
-----------------------------
Study: Most Plastics Leach Hormone-Like Chemicals
https://www.npr.org/2011/03/02/134196209/study-most-plastics-leach-hormone-like-chemicals
-----------------------------
Fertility timebomb found in drinking water
The fertility of a generation of men is being put at risk because a hormone found in the Pill is getting into drinking water, scientists fear.
Pollution due to the chemical, a powerful form of oestrogen, is causing up to half the male fish in our lowland rivers to change sex, research shows.
Experts believe the hormone could be getting into drinking water and affecting men's sperm counts. They say sewage treatment does not remove the chemical entirely from drinking supplies, although the water industry insists there is no evidence of a risk to health.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-105466/Fertility-timebomb-drinking-water.html
----------------------------
Pink Water
Plastics, Pesticides, and Pills Are Contaminating Our Drinking Supply
http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/magazine/entry/pink_water/
------------------------------
Asexual Human Reproduction
https://www.all.org/asexual-human-reproduction/
Today the phrase “from the beginning of his/her biological development” accurately defines when the life of an individual human being begins to exist; the terms “conception” or “fertilization” do not.
We have learned this is so because the fact is that not all human beings begin through sexual means; some are reproduced asexually.
This concept is difficult to explain without a scientific background. I know this firsthand because my vocation is wife, mother, and grandmother, not geneticist. But it can be explained so that anyone gets it.
Follow me for a moment.
Sexual reproduction means “fertilization”—the union of a human sperm with a human egg resulting in the reproduction of a genetically distinct human being. This can happen naturally within a woman’s body, or artificially in an IVF (in vitro fertilization) or ART facility (artificial reproductive technology).
Asexual reproduction simply means “without the immediate use of fertilization”; it is the combining of parts of a human sperm, egg, embryo, or synthetic genes to reproduce a new human embryo. Most of the time this happens in IVF/ART facilities. But one kind of asexual reproduction takes place naturally in the woman’s body—monozygotic (identical) twinning. Monozygotic twinning, which is depicted in the diagram here, is a type of asexual reproduction, yet has been used in IVF cycles for decades. It is, in truth, a type of human cloning.
Other types of asexual reproduction take place artificially in IVF/ART facilities (e.g., cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer).
The “3-parent-embryo” now in the news involves the asexual reproduction of human embryos by several techniques (e.g., mitochondrial transfer, another kind of cloning). The mitochondria are found in the female’s oocyte (egg) and if they are defective, the mitochondria from a third party’s egg can be used instead. Thus three parents for one embryo!
These forms of asexual reproduction exist and do result in human beings whose lives should be protected by law and in the culture.
While some of us began to exist by means of fertilization, not all of us did. The terms “fertilization” or “conception” do not cover all human beings. Laws protecting only those reproduced by “fertilization” would not protect those asexually reproduced.
--------------------
True Hermaphroditis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_hermaphroditismhermaphroditism
True hermaphroditism, clinically known as ovotesticular disorder of sex development, is a medical term for an intersex condition in which an individual is born with ovarian and testicular tissue. More commonly one or both gonads is an ovotestis containing both types of tissue.
Although similar in some ways to mixed gonadal dysgenesis, the conditions can be distinguished histologically.
Human prevalence
There are no documented cases in which both types of gonadal tissue function.
Although fertility is possible in true hermaphrodites, there has yet to be a documented case where both gonadal tissues function, contrary to the misconception that hermaphrodites can impregnate themselves. As of 2010, there have been at least 11 reported cases of fertility in true hermaphrodite humans in the scientific literature, with one case of a person with XY-predominant (96%) mosaic giving birth.
Estimated prevalence is approximately 1/20,000 births. The disorder may account for less than 3-10% of all DSD.
----------------------
Sequential hermaphroditism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_hermaphroditismSequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is a type of hermaphroditism that occurs in many fish, gastropods, and plants. Sequential hermaphroditism occurs when the individual changes sex at some point in its life.
In animals, the different types of change are male to female (protandry), female to male (protogyny), female to hermaphrodite (protogynous hermaphroditism), and male to hermaphrodite (protandrous hermaphroditism). Those that change gonadal sex can have both female and male germ cells in the gonads or can change from one complete gonadal type to the other during their last life stage.
In plants, individual flowers are called dichogamous if their function has the two sexes separated in time, although the plant as a whole may have functionally male and functionally female flowers open at any one moment. A flower is protogynous if its function is first female, then male, and protandrous if its function is male then female. It used to be thought that this reduced inbreeding, but it may be a more general mechanism for reducing pollen-pistil interference.
---------------------
Klinefelter syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) also known as 47,XXY or XXY, is the set of symptoms that result from two or more X chromosomes in males. The primary features are infertility and small testicles. Often, symptoms may be subtle and many people do not realize they are affected. Sometimes, symptoms are more prominent and may include weaker muscles, greater height, poor coordination, less body hair, breast growth, and less interest in sex. Often it is only at puberty that these symptoms are noticed. Intelligence is usually normal; however, reading difficulties and problems with speech are more common. Symptoms are typically more severe if three or more X chromosomes are present (XXXY syndrome or 49,XXXXY).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinefelter_syndrome
--------------------
Parthenogenesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenogenesis#HumansParthenogenesis (From the Greek παρθένος, parthenos, 'virgin' + γένεσις, genesis, 'creation') is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. In animals, parthenogenesis means development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell. In plants parthenogenesis is a component process of apomixis.
Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in some plants, some invertebrate animal species (including nematodes, water fleas, some scorpions, aphids, some mites, some bees, some Phasmida and parasitic wasps) and a few vertebrates (such as some fish, amphibians, reptiles and very rarely birds). This type of reproduction has been induced artificially in a few species including fish and amphibians.
Normal egg cells form after meiosis and are haploid, with half as many chromosomes as their mother's body cells. Haploid individuals, however, are usually non-viable, and parthenogenetic offspring usually have the diploid chromosome number. Depending on the mechanism involved in restoring the diploid number of chromosomes, parthenogenetic offspring may have anywhere between all and half of the mother's alleles. The offspring having all of the mother's genetic material are called full clones and those having only half are called half clones. Full clones are usually formed without meiosis. If meiosis occurs, the offspring will get only a fraction of the mother's alleles since crossing over of DNA takes place during meiosis, creating variation.
Parthenogenetic offspring in species that use either the XY or the X0 sex-determination system have two X chromosomes and are female. In species that use the ZW sex-determination system, they have either two Z chromosomes (male) or two W chromosomes (mostly non-viable but rarely a female), or they could have one Z and one W chromosome (female).
------------------
Scientists stunned by discovery of 'semi-identical' twins
Boy and girl, now four, are only the second case of ‘sesquizygotic’ twins recorded
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/feb/27/scientists-stunned-discovery-semi-identical-twins
--------------------
Amphiprioninae
Clownfish or anemone fish are fishes from the subfamily Amphiprioninae in the family Pomacentridae.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphiprioninae
-------------------
Extremely Rare Half-Male, Half-Female Bee Found In Panama
2020
https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/extremely-rare-halfmale-halffemale-bee-found-in-panama/
-------------------
How birds lost their penises
https://www.nbcnews.com/science/how-birds-lost-their-penises-6C10221403
---------------------
---------------------
Chapter 7: Robots
--------------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
Cyborgs closer to becoming a reality of human evolution
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/05/160527091214.htm
---------------------
What will the future hold for cyborgs, the fusion of humans and machines?
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130711084114.htm
-------------
Who controls the tech inside us? Budding biohackers are shaping ‘cyborg law’
https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/cyborg-law-and-rights-of-augmented-humans/
-------------
Robots and humans will have 'BABIES' and create a new hybrid species in the next 100 years, claims expert
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5193957/Humans-robots-babies-100-years.html
{Look at how they are trying to even promote sex robots for humans now}.
---------------------------
USA challenges Japan to a giant robot battle
https://www.bbc.com/news/av/technology-33310621/usa-challenges-japan-to-a-giant-robot-battle
{Where is Africa's giant robot}?
----------------------------
Robots that build 'baby robots'
https://www.bbc.com/news/av/science-environment-33868728/robots-that-build-baby-robots
-----------------
How babies learn – and why robots can’t compete
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/apr/03/how-babies-learn-and-why-robots-cant-compete
--------------
Sex robot SHOCK: AI bots will soon be able to ‘GIVE BIRTH to children’
https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/870614/sex-robot-baby-artificial-intelligence-AI-doll
------------------
Male pregnancy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_pregnancy#Humans
----------------------
Why Men Won't Be Getting Pregnant Anytime Soon
Maybe guys will have babies someday, but first, more research is needed to show that uterus transplants are safe.
https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/why-men-won-t-be-getting-pregnant-anytime-soon-ncna820471
---------------------
Womb ops mean that men 'could get pregnant tomorrow' as top surgeon claims 'there is no scientific reason why it would not happen'
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-5048461/Men-pregnant-tomorrow-womb-transplants.html
------------------------
Transgender pregnancy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_pregnancy
-------------------------
Sex robot creator wants to have a baby with his machine and says it would be ‘simple’
https://www.kansascity.com/news/nation-world/article180608336.html
-------------------------
The first-ever robot citizen wants a baby
https://www.foxnews.com/tech/the-first-ever-robot-citizen-wants-a-baby
-----------------------
Artificial Intelligence Robots: Why Human Baby Brains Are Smarter Than AI
https://www.ibtimes.com/artificial-intelligence-robots-why-human-baby-brains-are-smarter-ai-2446588
----------------------
'Robots Are Coming For Your Children'
http://hackeducation.com/2017/12/20/top-ed-tech-trends-robots-kids
-----------------
Security robot accidentally attacks child
https://splinternews.com/security-robot-accidentally-attacks-child-1793860211
------------------------
{If humans are a threat to robots and we could pull the plug on robots at anytime, then why would a supercomputer even want to have many humans around if humans are a threat to robots. This would mean that AI robots would want to sentence people such as myself to a life sentence just to silence researchers}.
--------------------------
Courts Are Using AI to Sentence Criminals. That Must Stop Now
https://www.wired.com/2017/04/courts-using-ai-sentence-criminals-must-stop-now/
-------------------
Discriminating algorithms: 5 times AI showed prejudice
Artificial intelligence is supposed to make life easier for us all – but it is also prone to amplify sexist and racist biases from the real world
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2166207-discriminating-algorithms-5-times-ai-showed-prejudice/
-----------------------
AI is convicting criminals and determining jail time, but is it fair?
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/algorithms-court-criminals-jail-time-fair/
-------------------------
Rise of the racist robots – how AI is learning all our worst impulses
https://www.theguardian.com/inequality/2017/aug/08/rise-of-the-racist-robots-how-ai-is-learning-all-our-worst-impulses
----------------------------
Sharing passwords for a video streaming site? This company will use AI to track you down
Just wait until the algorithms can spot a guilty conscience
https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/8/18174161/netflix-hbo-hulu-shared-password-account-synamedia-machine-learning-ai
-------------
Meet the scientists who are training AI to diagnose mental illness
https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/28/18197253/ai-mental-illness-artificial-intelligence-science-neuroimaging-mri
--------------------
{The white race needs to come first before any robot}.
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---------------
-----------------
Chapter 8: GMOs
---------------
----------------
---------------
CRISPR
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR
------------
The CRISPR machines that can wipe out entire species
The genetic-engineering tool could help combat malaria and invasive species. But should we use it?
Full collapse
In September 2018, a research team at Imperial College, London, led by Andrea Crisanti and featuring pioneer Austin Burt, revealed it had generated a CRISPR gene drive that caused a total population collapse in lab-bred Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.
The researchers targeted a gene known as doublesex, which acts like a gatekeeper that decides whether a mosquito becomes a male or a female. By altering this gene, the team was able to breed female mosquitoes that were infertile and had mouthparts that could not draw blood. In essence, they flipped a genetic switch that caused females to develop more like males.
After starting with 600 mosquitoes, the gene drive spread through the population within 7 to 11 generations, causing a total collapse. The research team had created a similar drive in 2015 targeting a different gene, but it hadn't been as successful in crashing the population because genetic mutations arose over time. This, then, was the most powerful drive yet.
https://www.cnet.com/news/the-crispr-machines-that-can-wipe-out-entire-species/
{They claim it could be possible to get rid of invasive species with this technology. What are some of the negative effects of introducing a genetically modified species of animal in the wild that would be eaten by other animals}.
----------------
GMOs struggle to stay one step ahead of evolution
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/161011_evolutiongmo
------------------
Genetic engineering will ensure that human evolution will continue–for better or worse
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2018/02/15/genetic-engineering-will-ensure-human-evolution-will-continue-better-worse/
------------------
Genetically Modified Organisms and Evolution
When it comes to the long-term effects of GMOs, there's a lot we don't know
https://www.thoughtco.com/genetically-modified-organisms-and-evolution-1224510
-----------------
DNA and Evolution
How changes in DNA can change to evolution
https://www.thoughtco.com/dna-and-evolution-1224567
-------------------
How do GMOs effect evolution?
https://gmoanswers.com/ask/how-do-gmos-effect-evolution
------------------
Challenging Evolution: How GMOs Can Influence Genetic Diversity
A major concern of genetically modified organisms is that they will cause reduced genetic diversity of plants and animals in the environment. What this means is that the DNA, which codes for proteins in an organism, will become more similar between individuals of a species. Genetic diversity is directly related to biodiversity, the variability in the traits of organisms that make up an ecosystem, because diversity in DNA will inform the characteristics of the organisms that make up a population. Maintaining genetic diversity is important for the environment and agriculture because increased variability in DNA will provide a better opportunity for organisms to adapt to a changing environment.
One example of when a lack of genetic diversity contributed to a major agricultural problem is the potato famine that afflicted Ireland in the mid 1800s. At this time, Ireland was heavily dependent on potatoes for nutrition, and the type of potatoes they cultivated were not grown from seeds. Instead, they planted sections from a parent potato. In this way, all potatoes were clones of their parents and contained identical genetic information. The lack of genetic variability in these potato crops proved detrimental when an invasive pathogen, P. infestans, wiped out the entire population. Because all potatoes had nearly identical genes, there were no populations of potatoes with favorable traits that allowed them to evade P. infestans. Had Ireland grown different varieties of potato crops with more genetic diversity, it would have been more likely for a population of potatoes to contain genes that provide resistance to the pathogen. If a large enough percentage of potato crops in Ireland were resistant to P. infestans, perhaps this famine would not have been so catastrophic.
http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/challenging-evolution-how-gmos-can-influence-genetic-diversity/
--------------
Can Random Mutations Create New Complex Features? A Response to TalkOrigins
https://evolutionnews.org/2012/06/can_random_muta/-----------------------
{What if there are humans that are identical to us on other planets. Many religions even believe that there are other skin colors and races of human that exist on other planets}.
-------------
{What about the theory that Saber-tooth cats went extinct and that Saber-tooth cats evolved to become smaller and somehow lost their fangs, or what the Saber-tooth cat is its own unique species. Could aliens have introduced new life and animals to this planet every so often, or did certain species evolve differently}.
----------------
How evolution could bring back the sabercat
https://io9.gizmodo.com/how-evolution-could-bring-back-the-sabercat-1441270558------------------
Starvation Didn't Wipe Out Sabertooth Cats
https://www.livescience.com/25848-starvation-extinction-sabertooth-cats.html-------------------
Humans Fought Saber-Toothed Cats In Europe
https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/humans-fought-saber-toothed-cats-europe/
------
Ancient DNA Connects Saber-Toothed Tigers and House Cats
" Not terribly close."
https://www.telegraph.co.ukscience/2017/05/22/europe-birthplace-mankind-not-africa-scientists-find/
-----------------
CAT scans of sabertooth cats’ skulls unearth evolution of predatory behavior
https://dailybruin.com/2018/10/31/researches-uncover-sabertooth-tiger-bites-hard/
----------------
{We see that different animals adapt to their surroundings and why we can see genetic changes in the same species that live on islands or in the Arctic. This would mean that if aliens were to
introduce a new species, that they could have several ways of doing it as well. Aliens or a creator could put organisms here to evolve and adapt to their surroundings}.
------------------
Plant & Animal Genomes Conference
Abstracts Archive
https://www.animalgenome.org/community/pag_abs.html-------------------
How do GMOs effect evolution?
Many human activities can and do effect the evolution of native species. For example, the improper use of herbicides can lead to weeds becoming to resistant to herbicide. Far more serious is the example of the overuse of antibiotics that cause antibiotic resistance in human pathogens to evolve.
https://gmoanswers.com/ask/how-do-gmos-effect-evolution
---------------------
13 INSANE Creatures Created by Scientists!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z79yjpwggz4----------------------
See a Salamander Grow From a Single Cell in this Incredible Time-lapse | Short Film Showcase
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEejivHRIbE
-------------------
{Monsanto is trying to experiment on changing DNA and the genetic structure of organisms with genetic modification and chemical modification as well}.
-------------------
Biotechnology timeline: Humans have manipulated genes since the ‘dawn of civilization’
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2017/07/18/biotechnology-timeline-humans-manipulating-genes-since-dawn-civilization/------------------
Genetically Engineered Wine Yeast Produces a High Concentration of l-Lactic Acid of Extremely High Optical Purity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1087558/
-------------------
Designer baby
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designer_baby
-------------
Human germline engineering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_germline_engineering
-------------
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimplantation_genetic_diagnosis
------------
What’s stopping us from using CRISPR to gene edit humans to fight disease?
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2018/04/02/whats-stopping-us-from-using-crispr-to-gene-edit-humans-to-fight-disease/
--------------
Genetically engineering humans: a step too far?
https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/opinion/comment/genetically-engineering-humans-a-step-too-far/20069421.article?firstPass=false
-------------
-------------
Chapter 9: Race based medicine
---------------
---------------
Race-Based Medicine: A Recipe for Controversy
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/race-based-medicine-a-recipe-for-controversy/
--------------
Why do doctors practice race-based medicine?
https://blog.tedmed.com/why-do-doctors-insist-on-practicing-race-based-medicine/
---------------
Is race-based medicine good for us?: African American approaches to race, biomedicine, and equality.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18840247
-----------------
A race-based detour to personalized medicine
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3328537/
---------------------
What's Wrong with Race-Based Medicine?: Genes,Drugs, and Health Disparities
https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1095&context=mjlst
------------------
Failure of race-based medicine? We aren’t accounting for the unique genetics of biracial and multiracial populations
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2018/10/22/failure-of-race-based-medicine-acounting-for-the-unique-genetics-of-biracial-and-multiracial-people/
{I believe there is a science to race based medicine, and why certain genes of people are receptive to others. We should concentrate on individual gene based science, and that this is already taking place with CRISPR. Many races have higher certain dysgenics traits than other races as well, especially in certain areas of the different parts of body and organs}.
-----------------
Beyond Race-Based Medicine
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/411668/beyond-race-based-medicine/
---------------
Race and Health
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_health
------------------
Medical Definition of Race-based drug
https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=40568
-------------
Is Race-Based Medicine Good for Us?: African American Approaches to Race, Biomedicine, and Equality
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2008.302.x
-------------
Race-Based Medicine Continued...
https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/14/weekinreview/racebased-medicine-continued.html
-------------
Race/Ethnicity–Based Outcomes in Cardiovascular Medicine
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/article-abstract/2657545
-------------
The Politics of Genomics Research: The Implications of DNA for Racial Identity and Race-based Medicine
https://scholar.harvard.edu/jlhochschild/publications/politics-genomics-research-implications-dna-racial-identity-and-race-based
------------
Pharmacogenetics, Personalized Medicine, and Race
Could your ethnic background determine the drug treatments you receive? Believe it or not, race is sometimes considered when predicting how patients will respond to different medications.
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/pharmacogenetics-personalized-medicine-and-race-744
--------------
Study Refines Racial Risk Stratification in Prostate Cancer
https://www.onclive.com/web-exclusives/study-refines-racial-risk-stratification-in-prostate-cancer
Despite similar clinical presentations, there are disparities in risk stratification and outcomes between African-American and Caucasian patients with prostate cancer, explained Walter Rayford, MD, PhD, MBA.
For example, in a recent study, investigators evaluated the usefulness of adding a commercially available cell cycle progression (CCP) score, Prolaris, to improve risk stratification in a community-based, African-American patient population. Tissue samples from African-American (n = 150) and Caucasian men (n = 60) were obtained from a single community urologic oncology practice in Memphis, Tennessee, and evaluated with a CCP panel.
Based on the clinical parameters, of the 150 African-American men evaluated, 20% were classified as low-risk, 40% were classified as intermediate-risk, and 40% were classified as high-risk. Of the 60 Caucasian men evaluated, 42% were low-risk, 42% were intermediate-risk, and 17% were high-risk.
--------------
Race, Heart Disease, Pharmaceuticals & Belonging in American Medicine
http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3997/3542
--------------
Mestizos and Medicinas: Race-Based Medicine in Latin America
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/mestizos-and-medicinas-race-based-medicine-in-latin-america-28387158/
-----------------
Hypertension: How Race Affects Risk
https://www.roxmedical.com/news/hypertension-african-americans/
------------------
Spirometry: A built-in ‘correction’ for race?
The spirometers doctors use to measure lung capacity automatically make “corrections” for the patient’s race. Lundy Braun, professor of medical science at Brown University, has led a systematic review of the research underlying race correction and found that race is rarely defined or skillfully considered. The work, reported in the European Respiratory Journal, raises timely questions about the role of race in medical research.
https://news.brown.edu/articles/2013/06/spirometers
--------------------
Racist medicine: a history of race and health
https://blog.oup.com/2017/09/racist-medicine-history-race-health/
------------------
BiDil for Heart Failure in Black Patients: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Perspective
https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/477597/bidil-heart-failure-black-patients-u-s-food-drug-administration
-------------------
Not a black and white question
Medical research is starting to take account of people's race
https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2006/04/12/not-a-black-and-white-question
---------------------
Geneticizing Disease: Implications for Racial Health Disparities
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/reports/2008/01/15/3832/geneticizing-disease-implications-for-racial-health-disparities/
Today it is almost impossible to pick up a newspaper or open a Web browser without finding an article that links a specific gene to a certain medical condition. In fact, a simple Google search of “gene linked” in November last year pulled up hits with genes linked to depression risk, restless leg syndrome, autism, breast cancer, childhood asthma, and type 1 diabetes in children. This is only on the first page of results from a total of 30,600,000 hits.
Increasingly, genes are being linked in the mainstream press, on the Web and also in prestigious medical journals not only to medical conditions but also to behavioral conditions such as narcissism, aggressiveness, and in some instances to voting behavior. Linking disease to specific genes is becoming progressively more common among the American public, too. The increasing perception is that an individual’s genes are the main cause of disease.
The “geneticizing” of disease is used most appropriately in those instances where we know that genes or gene variants alone can cause disease—such as Tay-Sachs disease, which is prevalent among the descendants of Eastern European Jews but not just this one ethnic group, or sickle cell anemia, which is common among Africans and African Americans but also in other ethnic groups that have faced the scourge of malaria over countless generations. Yet that is a real stretch in other instances when genes are linked to health conditions that become labeled as race specific, since this has the potential to distort the discussion on racial health disparities.
The implication in the press is that race is the determining factor in these and other possibly “race-based” diseases. Health professionals and the public must be wary of oversimplifying the idea that “x” gene equals “y” medical condition since millions of genetic variations may exist and identifying them all, and how genes interact with one another, has yet to be determined.
Indeed, researchers within the medical industry are wary of the oversimplification of geneticizing disease. Consider the growing concern among a consortium of scientists that genes are operating in a much more complex way than previously believed. Findings from the National Human Genome Research Institute, for example, suggest that it may be inaccurate to say that a gene can be linked to a single function like a predisposition to heart disease. This is critical information since the portrayal of genetic research and disease within the mass media often presents this information as mostly based on simple genetic predispositions.
If one examines the research on genes, race, and disease more closely, most research points only to a correlation of genes to disease, which is significantly different from a gene-based disease. Genes may predispose a person to certain health ailments, but health conditions are a combination of environment, lifestyle impositions, personal decisions, and access to affordable, quality health care. As geneticist Francis Collins observes, “associations often made between race and disease only occasionally have anything to do with DNA [and] most diseases are not single-locus genetic diseases and often are quite complex, involving many genetic loci as well as environmental factors.”
In short, it has been well documented that disease is a combination of nature and nurture. Health care policymakers must ensure that a correlation between a gene pattern and a medical condition does not become a proxy for the causation of that medical condition as some in the medical and pharmaceutical industries move toward geneticizing and racializing disease.
Perhaps the issue of most concern in this shift to geneticize disease is the inclusion of race into the research and development of medications in an attempt to combat health disparities. The inclusion of race into medical research is not novel, nor is the controversy surrounding it. In fact, opposing sides of the debate use the same argument—those in favor of eliminating racial categories and those in favor of using racial categories in medical research argue that such a move is problematic. Yet both sides of the debate express legitimate concerns on whether to include race in medical research.
The problem with including race in gene-based medical research is that recent scientific developments undermine the notion that race as a biological fact is still in question. While a lively debate about the biological underpinnings of race ensues under projects such as the HapMap project, a partnership of scientists and funding agencies from around the world to help researchers find genes associated with human disease that respond to pharmaceuticals, elsewhere world renowned geneticists such as Craig Venter and Francis Collins declare that race is not biologic. Craig Venter, who along with Collins helped map the human genome, states that “skin colour as a surrogate for race is a social concept not a scientific one.”
Still, some scientists rely on biological theories that oversimplify genetic variation between groups of people and con-
fuse this with socially defined races. For example, if you ask three different scientists to define race, you will most likely get three different answers.
This misconception about race has taken hold due to the tendency to racially categorize people based upon physical appearance, in most instances skin color and hair-type (the “I know it when I see it,” or phenotypical, reasoning). To date, however, the variations known as races are best explained by genetic drift, or the subtle changes within culturally breeding subpopulations over geologic time, and gene flow, or asymmetrical exchanges that are the byproducts of conquest between human subpopulations. Due to genetic drift and gene flow the existence of races is today a “social reality,” one which public policies, discussed later in this paper, reinforce.
This social reality is scientifically misleading, yet these socially constructed racial categories can be used to measure health disparities between different racial groups to determine the health status of different populations. It is well documented, for example, that people of color suffer from health disparities such as shorter life spans, higher infant mortality rates, and higher prevalence rates of many chronic conditions compared with their white counterparts. But using race to measure health disparities is very different from using unproven genetic differences to account for these same health disparities.
Problems arise when race as a social reality and race as a scientific “fact” are conflated in medical research. These efforts to geneticize or racialize disease have several dangerous implications:
They may skew research by placing individuals on a short list of socially constructed, government-defined racial categories, thereby increasing the risk of perpetuating health disparities.
They may compromise the health of people of color by eliminating from medical consideration the social determinants of health problems.
They may contribute to the reemergence of scientific racism through an emphasis on linking genes to disease and race.
The dangers implicit in all three of these efforts to racialize disease require health professionals to come to grips with the reasons for health disparities due to race as a social reality and the misconceptions about health disparities due to race as a scientific myth.
This paper will briefly detail some of the health disparities experienced by people of color in the United States before turning to the emergence of race-based medicine and the threat it poses to effective health care. The paper will then examine the evolution of racial categories in the United States, and how current research finds that race is not genetically real. The paper will detail how known social determinants, such as residential segregation and other inequities, have continued to marginalize the status of people of color in the health care system and perpetuate health disparities. In
closing, the paper will address the dangerous implications associated with an overemphasis on the role of race and genes on health disparities.
Ultimately, the goal of this paper is to educate health care policymakers, advocates, and the public on how some research in genetics and biomedicine is accompanied by risks that could further undermine the health of people of color, reify race, and shift resources away from improving social determinants that contribute to health disparities. With our medical industry increasingly captivated by genetic links to disease, the health of all people, and particularly people of color who continue to suffer the most from health disparities, is at risk.
---------------------------
Gene therapy turns people into superheroes on TV. Can it do that in real life too?
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-gene-therapy-make-you-strong-like-jessica-jones-yes-but-its-complicated-2018-05-17
----------------------
From genetics to genomics: using gene-based medicine to prevent disease and promote health in children.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16114576
---------------------
Getting Ready for Gene-Based Medicine
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe020119
-----------------------
Gene therapy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_therapy
------------------------
Gene-Based Therapeutic Approaches
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gene-based-therapeutic-approaches-3881
-----------------------
Personalized medicine: How genetic research is transforming cancer care
By analyzing the genetic material of patients with cancer, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine are finding ways to tailor treatments
https://medicine.wustl.edu/news/personalized-medicine-how-genetic-research-is-transforming-cancer-care/
-------------------------
Giant Leap for Gene-Based Testing Estimates Risk of Heart Disease, Breast Cancer and Others
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/giant-leap-for-gene-based-testing-estimates-risk-of-heart-disease-breast-cancer-and-others/
--------------------------
Regulation of genetics-based medicine likely to spark controversy in 2014
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2014/01/09/regulation-of-genetics-based-medicine-likely-to-spark-controversy-in-2014/
-------------------------
Gene-based test for urine detects, monitors bladder cancer
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180322103207.htm
---------------------------
Stem Cell and Gene-Based Therapy
Frontiers in Regenerative Medicine
https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781852339791
-----------------------------
Cancer, Our Genes, And The Anxiety Of Risk-Based Medicine
https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0344
-----------------------------
Creating transformative gene-based medicines for serious diseases
http://www.crisprtx.com/assets/uploads/CRISPR-Tx-Corporate-Overview-December-2018.pdf
---------------------------------
A public health approach to pharmacogenomics and gene-based diagnostic tests
https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/pdf/10.2217/14622416.7.3.331
-------------------------------
US drug firm puts $425,000-per-eye price tag on gene-based blindness cure
Luxturna is the most expensive drug ever marketed
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/us-drug-firm-blindness-cure-per-eye-price-420-thousand-gene-therapy-luxtarna-spark-theraputics-a8141751.html
--------------------------------
Gene Therapy: Revolutionizing Medicine
https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~mcclean/plsc431/students/brandi.htm
-----------------------------------
FDA approves first cancer treatment based on genetic makeup, not tumor location
https://www.cancercenter.com/community/blog/2017/08/fda-approves-first-cancer-treatment-based-on-genetic-makeup-not-tumor-location
------------------------------------
Cracking your genetic code
We are on the brink of a new era of personalized, gene-based medicine. Are we ready for it?
https://www.pbs.org/video/nova-cracking-your-genetic-code/
-------------------------------------
Genetics sequencing is the future of medicine
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/theworldpost/wp/2017/12/13/human-genome/?utm_term=.767ab2b13b13
---------------------------------------
Gene-based tests may improve treatment for people with bipolar disorder
http://theconversation.com/gene-based-tests-may-improve-treatment-for-people-with-bipolar-disorder-87680
-------------------------------------------
Gene-Based Elevated Triglycerides and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk in the Women’s Genome Health Study
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311562
-------------------------------------------
Gene Therapy for Blindness Approved by FDA in Groundbreaking Moment for DNA-Based Medicine
https://www.newsweek.com/groundbreaking-approval-fda-signs-first-ever-gene-therapy-752711
--------------------------------------------
Finding your diagnosis in the brave new world of genetics-based medicine
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-11-diagnosis-brave-world-genetics-based-medicine.html
---------------------------------------------
Second-Generation Cell and Gene-Based Therapies
https://www.elsevier.com/books/second-generation-cell-and-gene-based-therapies/vertes/978-0-12-812034-7
--------------------------------
Sickle-cell disease gets rush of gene-based research
https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/ct-sickle-cell-gene-based-research-20171212-story.html
---------------------------------
Drug Is First to Treat Cancer Based on Genetics, Not Location
A change in how cancer is treated means more people will benefit from immunotherapy.
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/607927/drug-is-first-to-treat-cancer-based-on-genetics-not-location/
----------------------------------
Personalized Diets: Can Your Genes Really Tell You What To Eat?
https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/01/22/579003429/personalized-diets-can-your-genes-really-tell-you-what-to-eat
----------------------------------
A two gene-based risk score predicts alcoholic cirrhosis development in males with at-risk alcohol consumption
https://www.dovepress.com/a-two-gene-based-risk-score-predicts-alcoholic-cirrhosis-development-i-peer-reviewed-article-TACG
-----------------------------------
DNA on drugs: How genetic tests could make prescriptions more precise
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-dna-on-drugs-how-genetic-tests-could-make-prescriptions-more-precise/
-------------------------------------
Genetic medicine hints at bloodletting for astronauts
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21829234-800-genetic-medicine-hints-at-bloodletting-for-astronauts/
-------------------------------------
Medical first: Doctors attempt to gene-edit a living patient's DNA
https://www.cnn.com/2017/11/15/health/first-in-body-edit-dna/
--------------------------------------
Joint Hypermobility: A Red Flag for Gene-Based Chronic Disease Cluster
https://holisticprimarycare.net/topics/topics-a-g/functional-medicine/1887-joint-hypermobility-a-red-flag-for-gene-based-chronic-disease-cluster.html
------------------------------------------
The genomic revolution and its implications for medical practice
http://alphaomegaalpha.org/pharos/2017/Spring/2017-2-Neaves.pdf
-------------------------------------------
How Your Genetic Sequence Can Be Exploited By The Supplement Industry
Patients should be skeptical of anyone claiming to divine health information from direct-to-consumer genetic testing.
The alternative health industry is widely broadcasting that so-called dangerous genetic variation is lurking in the human population, causing a public health crisis that is ignored by the medical community.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/brittmariehermes/2016/11/14/genetic-sequence-exploited-supplement-industry/#157289302e67
-------------------------------------------
DNA-Based Personalized Medicine May Change Healthcare Forever
https://www.shape.com/lifestyle/mind-and-body/dna-based-personalized-medicine-may-change-healthcare-forever
--------------------------------------------
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE TO SHAPE THE FUTURE OF HEALTHCARE
http://www.futureworld.org/PublicZone/MindBullets/MindBulletsDetails.aspx?MindBulletID=150
----------------------------------------------
Genetic Testing and Gene-based Medicine
Examining how a particular gene is spelled in an individual can serve quite a few uses:
https://www.genome.gov/pages/educationkit/booklet6.html
-----------------------------
-------------------------
-------------------------
Chapter 10: Decline of the West
--------------------------
--------------------------
--------------------------------
How The Browning Of America Is Upending Both Political Parties
https://www.npr.org/2016/10/12/497529936/how-the-browning-of-america-is-upending-both-political-parties
----------------------------------
‘Browning’ of the US is a battle Trump has lost
https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/views/analysis/browning-of-the-us-is-a-battle-trump-has-lost-857221.html
-----------------------
White threat in a browning America
https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/7/30/17505406/trump-obama-race-politics-immigration
--------------------------
Why Do So Many White Evangelicals Object to the Browning of America?
https://www.patheos.com/blogs/lovejoyfeminism/2018/07/why-do-so-many-white-evangelicals-object-to-the-browning-of-america.html
----------------------------
The Nativist Attempt to Delay the Browning of America
https://washingtonmonthly.com/2018/02/07/the-nativist-attempt-to-delay-the-browning-of-america/
-------------------------------
Trump is trying to whip up fear about the browning of America
https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/04/opinions/trump-whip-up-browning-of-america-obeidallah/
---------------------
{I say we take the gloves off and deport the majority of non-whites off the streets of all western nations such as America, Canada, and the countries of Europe. It could be possible to pay them money, or to just relocate them by force. We should deport the majority of blacks back to Africa, we should deport brown skin people to Africa.
I am tired of looking at all these ghetto blacks running around in the streets trying to act like they are in a gangster rap video, then you wonder why people are racist against blacks. Most blacks still don't get it, and the main goal for many blacks is to ruin and destroy western society, white neighborhoods and what they call white privilege. Some black people are a few IQ points short of gorilla, then constantly talk about eliminating white people, and only want a future race of brown people. In return we are calling for the removal of the majority of all Muslims, suspected Muslims, including the majority of black and brown people to be removed from the streets of white America, white Europe and white western nations until we get the population control and race control that we deserve. We must ensure the safety and preservation of the white race over these dysgenic African and brown Central and South Americans. We are calling for white people to protect whites in western society until we get population control, immigration control and race control in western nations, if this means a war to defend white people, then so be it. We must now deport many of these non-white foreigners out of the free western world and away from harming our white lineage that is superior to many of these other dysgenic races. If you want to talk about population control and regulating the races we can, but since you have refused to regulate the population and races, we are calling all whites to defend themselves from the race war that non-whites have declares on whites. We are calling for all white people to defend themselves from these Muslims and non-whites that constantly are trying to attack and kill whites. It is now the white race against everyone else.
Look at the movie 300, this is what black people and Arabs have been doing to white people for over a thousand years. You want a one world race of people, if anything it should be whites and not a one world race of low IQ brachycephalic and dolicocephalic brown low IQ individuals. This is a good reason why just 180 years ago white Americans were killing these Mexicans like they were a coyote with a bounty on their heads. America would have been way better off if we never stopped invading Mexico.
We should have kept going to war with Central America and push them all down to South America, past the Panama Canal.
Do you think that many different people including myself would actually allow third world
savages to destroy a first world nation this simply?
I am all for whatever we can do to stop these dysgenic violent low IQ morons from trying to kill whites, and that we need to remove the majority of them and separate non-whites away from whites.
I honestly think we must keep whites in their areas and blacks in their areas. We must regulate immigration, population and race, so no race or society feels like they are facing genocide.
It would be better if the world was not full of Jews or Muslims trying to go to war with each other and endanger the planet. We must do whatever we can in our power and stop many Jews and Muslims from working together to destroy the planet and other races of people with their religious war, shame on the Jewish community and the Muslim community.
When I first started my videos and media agency, I never planned for it to have this much racism.
I wanted to talk about secret societies and to solve all of the wars, famine, poverty, disease and how to stop a lot of the corruption we see on the planet.
Why is it that even now when these races that I am trying to protect and save, now that many of them want to kill off and genocide my race while I try and protect their race as well.
We must save our people from these racist groups of people that want white people dead.
As we mentioned before, all the evidence points into the direction that Orientals, blacks, and other mixed raced people are just a devolution of white people. Either white people evolved to become superior in several ways over other races, or that other races are a product of devolution}.
---------------------------------
Coulter Hates ‘the Browning of America’
https://www.thedailybeast.com/coulter-hates-the-browning-of-america
-------------------------------
The Browning of America
https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=The%20Browning%20of%20America
-------------------------
Immigration reform and the browning of America: tensions, conflicts and community instability in metropolitan Los Angeles.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12293203
--------------------------
How Whites Are Reacting to the Browning of America
https://www.alternet.org/2014/04/how-whites-are-reacting-browning-america/
---------------------------
The Browning of America
http://www.milkenreview.org/articles/charticle-3
----------------------------
The city with no homeless on its streets
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-46891392
-----------------------------
The Deported Americans
More than 600,000 U.S.-born children of undocumented parents live in Mexico. What happens when you return to a country you’ve never known?
https://story.californiasunday.com/deported-americans
{Please keep this third world trash out of western nations}.
---------------------------------
Dysgenics and Low Creativity: Why China Can’t Save Civilization
http://www.unz.com/article/dysgenics-and-low-creativity-why-china-cant-save-civilization/
-------------
Editorial Response: “It’s Not the Race that Matters It’s the Culture that Matters”
https://patriotmouse.com/2018/12/02/editorial-response-its-not-the-race-that-matters-its-the-culture-that-matters/
--------------
AmeriKa 2050 – Welcome to the NNN – New Negroid Nation
https://patriotmouse.com/2018/12/01/amerika-2050-welcome-to-the-nnn-new-negroid-nation/
---------------
Dysgenic Nation: Macron Embraces France’s Negro Future
https://patriotmouse.com/2018/11/10/dysgenic-nation-macron-embraces-frances-negro-future/
-----------------
The Push to Make French Gender-Neutral
Can changing the structure of a language improve women’s status in society?
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/11/inclusive-writing-france-feminism/545048/
-----------------------
The Crisis At the Border is Socialism
https://patriotmouse.com/2018/11/25/the-crisis-at-the-border-is-socialism/
-----------------
Dysgenic Nation: Is it NORMAL Not to Feel Right About Paying to Raise Black Babies When You Can’t Afford Children of Your Own ?
https://patriotmouse.com/2018/10/28/dysgenic-nation-is-it-normal-not-to-feel-right-about-paying-to-raise-black-babies-when-you-cant-afford-children-of-your-own/
------------------
Europanic Births Drop Below 15% for Many States
https://patriotmouse.com/2018/07/24/europanic-births-drop-below-15-for-many-states/
------------------
Did the American Middle Class Die Because of the Cost of the NigNogs ?
https://patriotmouse.com/2018/05/20/did-the-american-middle-class-die-because-of-the-cost-of-the-nignogs/
-------------------
Race IQ and Genetics – New Genetic Evidence for Intelligence Corresponds to Race
https://patriotmouse.com/2018/05/06/race-iq-and-genetics-new-genetic-evidence-for-intelligence-corresponds-to-race/
--------------------
Hispanics Now Majority In California, Will Whites Get Minority Handouts?
https://patriotmouse.com/2017/11/10/hispanics-now-majority-in-california-will-whites-get-minority-handouts/
--------------------
Giving Job Preferences To Foreigners Legally While They Are Invading US
https://patriotmouse.com/2014/10/02/giving-job-preferences-to-foreigners-legally-while-they-are-invading-us/
-------------------
Berkeley Free Speech Week Protestors Anti-White Nigghruhs and Hispanics Protest “Hate”
https://patriotmouse.com/2017/09/24/berkeley-free-speech-week-protestors-anti-white-nigghruhs-and-hispanics-protest-hate/
--------------------
MGTOW BOOM – New Household Formation Falls to Near Zero in USA
https://patriotmouse.com/2017/08/23/mgtow-boom-new-household-formation-falls-to-near-zero-in-usa/
--------------------
Category: Dysgenic Population Growth
https://patriotmouse.com/category/dysgenic-population-growth/
--------------------
The Rapes In Finland of Little Girls by Black Immigrants Continues
https://patriotmouse.com/2019/02/01/the-rapes-in-finland-of-little-girls-by-black-immigrants-continues/
---------------------
Shocking: Blacks Too Dumb To Graduate From Historically Black Colleges
https://patriotmouse.com/2018/01/30/shocking-blacks-too-dumb-to-graduate-from-historically-black-colleges/
-------------------------
New Students So Stupid Analog Clocks Have To Be Removed
https://patriotmouse.com/2018/05/05/new-students-so-stupid-analog-clocks-have-to-be-removed/
--------------------------
Why Is Intelligence Declining? Our Rulers Don’t Want You to Know
http://www.unz.com/article/why-is-intelligence-declining-our-rulers-dont-want-you-to-know/
---------------------
Low End Soccer, Genetics and Fascist Behavior
http://www.unz.com/ldinh/low-end-soccer-genetics-and-fascist-behavior/
---------------------------
Scrabble Spells Doom for the Racial Hypothesis of Intelligence
http://www.unz.com/article/scrabble-spells-doom-for-the-racial-hypothesis-of-intelligence/
------------------
NYT: "We Can Replace Them"
http://www.unz.com/isteve/nyt-we-can-replace-them/
-------------------
Fun with IQ
http://www.unz.com/freed/fun-with-iq-deep-thought/
--------------------
Progressives Love Science, But Don’t Know Any–the Case of the “Dark-Skinned” Prehistoric Briton
http://www.unz.com/jderbyshire/progressives-love-science-but-dont-know-any-the-case-of-the-dark-skinned-prehistoric-briton/
----------------------
Great Moments in Google: "American Inventors"
http://www.unz.com/isteve/great-moments-in-google-american-inventors/
-----------------------
AOMI IV: What Is the Maximum Population Earth Can Support?
http://www.unz.com/akarlin/world-population/
-----------------------
From Tex Mex to Mex Tech
http://www.unz.com/freed/from-tex-mex-to-mex-tech/
(Funny comments)
----------
The Lack of Progress in Science: Sex Differences
http://www.unz.com/gnxp/the-lack-of-progress-in-science-sex-differences/
-----------
Are Girls Too Normal? Sex Differences in Intelligence
http://www.unz.com/jthompson/are-girls-too-normal-sex-differences-in/
------------
Richard Lynn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Lynn
-------------
Dysgenic Fertility and America’s Obesity Crisis
https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2016/07/02/dysgenic-fertility-and-americas-obesity-crisis/
--------------
Germany Begins to (Slightly) Wise Up: Will Begin IQ Testing “Migrants”
https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2016/04/19/germany-begins-to-slightly-wise-up-will-begin-iq-testing-migrants/
---------------
The decline of the world's IQ
http://www.iapsych.com/iqmr/fe/LinkedDocuments/lynn2008.pdf
---------------
A review of Dysgenics : Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1469-1809.2000.6440363.x
----------------
A mutation in the nucleoporin-107 gene causes XX gonadal dysgenesis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639971/
-----------------
The Bell Curve
https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve
-----------------
Predicting the IQ of Future People
Coming soon: much more publicity about race, genes and IQ
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/genetic-crossroads/201305/predicting-the-iq-future-people
------------------
Gene Variants in NKX2-1 Do Not Represent a Major Etiological Factor of Primary Congenital Hypothyroidism in Mexican Population
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0038-1676644
----------
Mutations in EDA and EDAR Genes in a Large Mexican Hispanic Cohort with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/23230/Kelsell%20Mutations%20in%20EDA%20and%20EDAR%20Genes%20Published%202015.pdf?sequence=1
-----------
Jose Vasconcelos: the Nazi propagandist behind La Raza Mexican nationalism
https://www.scribd.com/doc/133346507/Jose-Vasconcelos-the-Nazi-propagandist-behind-La-Raza-Mexican-nationalism
----------
Unraveling the History of Eugenics in Mexico
http://ferris-pages.org/ISAR/archives2/sources/mexico.htm
----------
Birth Control in 1920s Mexico
https://sangerpapers.wordpress.com/2012/10/10/birth-control-in-1920s-mexico/
----------
Eugenics in Latin America
http://oxfordre.com/latinamericanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.001.0001/acrefore-9780199366439-e-315
---------
Molecular characterization of Axenfeld-Rieger spectrum and other anterior segment dysgeneses in a sample of Mexican patients
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13816810.2018.1547911
-----------------
Higher incidence of thyroid agenesis in Mexican newborns with congenital hypothyroidism associated with birth defects.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21816548
---------
STERILIZED in the Name of Public Health
Race, Immigration, and Reproductive Control in Modern California
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449330/
-----------
“Of Low Grade Mexican Parentage:” Race, Gender and Eugenic Sterilization in California, 1928-1952
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/113441/nlira_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
-----------
‘There Is Going to Be a War Within the Party. We Are Going to Lean Into It.’
The Justice Democrats helped get Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez elected. Who are they after next?
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/02/04/the-insurgents-behind-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-224542
----------------
Richard Lynn: “Eugenics and Dysgenics: A Promise Denied”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDkrgVyI5fE
------------------
Dysgenics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgenics
-----------------
Labeling theory
Labeling theory is the theory of how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping. Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent in an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. The theory was prominent during the 1960s and 1970s, and some modified versions of the theory have developed and are still currently popular. A stigma is defined as a powerfully negative label that changes a person's self-concept and social identity.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labeling_theory
-------------------
Social stratification
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stratification
-----------------
Scientific racism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism
-----------------
Dysgenic Fertility Among Blacks? Apparently, Yes
https://jaymans.wordpress.com/2012/06/08/dysgenic-fertility-among-blacks-apparently-yes/
------------------
Dysgenics: Genetic deterioration in modern populations.
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-97124-000
-------------------
About ethnic conflicts, inequality, and rainfall in Africa
https://voxeu.org/article/role-rainfall-africas-ethnic-conflicts
Civil conflicts have been recurring events in recent human history, despite the immense cost to people and societies. According to the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, more than 200 civil conflicts have broken out since 1945. Roughly one-third of these took place in Africa, most of which were ethnic conflicts.
Although each conflict is the result of a complex combination of factors, researchers and policymakers have tried to identify common determinants to help them create more effective conflict prevention and conflict management tools. There is a lively debate, for example, about the role of inequality as a trigger of violence.
-------------------
DYSGENICS OR EUGENICS
https://www.biblebelievers.org.au/dysgenic.htm
--------------------
The Population Cycle Drives Human History –from a Eugenic Phase intoa Dysgenic Phase and Eventual Collapse
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6557/1/pearson-publishedcycleJSPES32-3Weiss.pdf
--------------------
USA: White Fertility and Intelligence (or, Dysgenics Quantified)
https://hailtoyou.wordpress.com/2011/09/28/usa-white-fertility-and-intelligence-or-dysgenics-quantified/
----------------------
The Decline of the West
https://www.amren.com/features/2011/10/the-decline-of-the-west/
---------------------
Welcome to the Idiocracy: Dysgenics in the US and Beyond
https://alfinnextlevel.wordpress.com/2014/04/05/welcome-to-the-idiocracy-dysgenics-in-the-us-and-beyond/
---------------------
The Comparison of Mean IQ in Muslim and Non-Muslim Countries
https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2018704731/the-comparison-of-mean-iq-in-muslim-and-non-muslim
----------------------
Eugenics, Race, and Marriage
https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/eugenics-race-and-marriage
------------------------
The Fall of Man:
Richard Lynn’s Dysgenics
Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations
https://www.counter-currents.com/2011/04/richard-lynns-dysgenics/
------------------------
Meta-Study: Why AMWF is Eugenic and WMAF Dysgenic
Abstract
Anecdotally, AMWF sons have been observed to be more masculine on
average than WMAF sons. We now outline the cause of this phenomena.
We state with exact certainty that AMWF sons inherit more androgen
receptors from their White mother’s X-chromosome and that WMAF sons
inherit less androgen receptors from their Asian mother’s X-chromosome.
We state with less certainty, despite the circumstantial evidence in
favour, that AMWF sons inherit the conditions for higher prenatal and
postnatal testosterone from their Asian father’s Y-chromosome and
that WMAF sons inherit the conditions for lower prenatal and postnatal
testosterone from their White father’s Y-chromosome; and that both AMWF
sons and WMAF sons inherit similar amounts of 5-a reductase.
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/32123306
---------------------------
“The average African IQ is 70”
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2011/03/08/the-average-african-iq-is-70/
----------------------------
RACE,DYSGENICS, AND THE SURVIVAL OF THE WEST
https://www.toqonline.com/archives/v7n3/734Lynninterview.pdf
------------------------
Out Of Africa: What They Do Not Tell Us
https://www.science20.com/alpha_meme/out_of_africa_what_they_do_not_tell_us-175655
----------------------
The decay of Western civilization: Double relaxed Darwinian Selection
https://lesacreduprintemps19.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/nyborg-2011-the-decay-of-western-civilization-double-relaxed-darwinian-selection.pdf
-------------------
If birth rates in developed nations are around or below replacement levels and intelligence is negatively correlated with fertility, are high IQ people doomed to die out, leaving only low IQ people left?
https://www.quora.com/If-birth-rates-in-developed-nations-are-around-or-below-replacement-levels-and-intelligence-is-negatively-correlated-with-fertility-are-high-IQ-people-doomed-to-die-out-leaving-only-low-IQ-people-left
---------------
Defending eugenics
From cryptic choice to conscious selection
https://philpapers.org/archive/ANODEF.pdf
-----------------
Margaret Sanger
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Margaret_Sanger
----------------
The Negro Project: Margaret Sanger’s Eugenic Plan for Black Americans
https://concernedwomen.org/the-negro-project-margaret-sangers-eugenic-plan-for-black-americans/
------------------
The Dysgenics of Welfare
http://nwioqeqkdf.blogspot.com/2016/04/the-dysgenics-of-welfare.html
-----------------
Were the Victorians cleverer than us? The decline in general intelligence estimated from a meta-analysis of the slowing of simple reaction time
https://jellereumer.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/woodley-ea-2013-intelligence-daling-iq.pdf
------------
American Eugenics Party platform
https://www.dnalc.org/view/10744-American-Eugenics-Party-platform.html
-----------
Nobel prize winner James Watson stripped of titles after suggesting genes make black people less intelligent
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-14/nobel-prize-winner-james-watson-stripped-title-race-comments/10712588
------------
DNA pioneer James Watson has final honours stripped amid racism row
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/james-watson-racism-honours-dna-double-helix-cold-spring-harbor-laboratory-a8724896.html
Eminent geneticist James Watson has had the last of his honorary titles stripped from him after doubling down on controversial statements about race and intelligence.
The Nobel Prize-winning scientist, who with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin discovered the double-helix structure of DNA, has been embroiled in controversy for more than a decade.
In 2007 he lost his job at Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory for making racist remarks, but retained three honorary titles there including chancellor emeritus.
However, following a new documentary in which he said these views had not changed, and told interviewers genes were responsible for a difference in average IQ between black and white people, they decided to take further action.
Describing the remarks as “reprehensible” and “unsupported by science”, the lab said they effectively undermined an apology issued by the scientist following the original controversy.
----------
{Now we can see how difficult it is for even people that win Nobel prize awards to try and discuss race science. It seems that wherever you go many times, that there are many PC liberals trying to stop the discussion of race science. Look at how these no good book burning lower IQ politically correct groups even go as far as to take away awards and titles from Nobel prize award scientists trying to explain how different races evolved differently. Then you wonder why many people still are benighted about basic knowledge of how different species of humans were made differently and not equally in all characteristics.
Many would consider an orangutan a superior primate with superior intelligence over many different types of apes, but to say this about a group of people would be considered racist. Do you think that James Watson was trying to warn us about something? Why would a man with all of these titles and awards go out of his way to explain to the west why Africans on average have a lower IQ than whites. Of course all the races have their intelligent people, and that I would say many of the very smart blacks, Arabs, Jews, Hispanics, Orientals and whites all have their good inventors. As I mentioned before, we think some groups of people have a higher amount of dysgenics and genetic disease than others, such as how some ethnic groups have more health problems than other groups of people. You can find very smart and very athletic people in every race. We can see that Europeans and Orientals have higher on average IQ population over many Africans, and why white nations and Oriental nations can defeat third world African, South American and Middle Eastern nations. It was white skinned people that come up with some of the best inventions, such as Tesla, different lazers, the atomic bomb and a lot of medicine. We can see some countries are even trying to remove black Africans out of their country, yet these are Jews trying to remove all non-Jews out of Israel. What is more important to James Watson than some award, is to save western civilization from many of these third world refugees and Muslims that continue to attack western nations and Europe just like they
were as we see in the movie 300. I say that the man should keep his award, and we should not let a bunch of lower IQ liberal groups try to take awards away from scientists they might disagree with. Do you understand how this scientist had some of the best research on DNA when he was given these awards. Why would this scientist try to warn the people that scientists can see small differences in the DNA of humans, and why some races are different than others with genes. We can see how different species of birds are smarter than other birds, the same with dogs, primates and humans.
The European people could have even already taken over Africa, the Middle East and Asia if we really wanted to, but we spared these other civilizations. White people do not want to kill all other races, white people just want their own ethno-state and areas. White people were merciful enough to spare these groups so that we can still even have a debate over race science with third world individuals who think that they are on average as equal intelligence as a first world white European style nation. This is why we are calling to regulate population, race and immigration. We must ensure the safety of the white race, and repopulate the white race if we become threatened or endangered by any natural catastrophe, or from attempted genocide from other races of people. We refuse to have a one world race of brown people, and demand that white people have the right to carry on our lineage into space and other planets.
We should not let this politically correct book burning culture try to silence the science community. We cannot let this PC culture stop the freedom of the press online and censor the media content they find offensive.
------------
As Muslims Continue To Invade Europe Israel Continues Ethnic Cleansing | Why Isn't Israel Racist?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTcFyIbl0rg
{We must remove the majority of black Africans out of western nations, this is a good example of what must be done in Europe and America to save western society. Even though we do not like the government of Israel, we can see that the Israeli people will pay Africans a good sum of money to move out of Israel (Jew Land). We should have a similar program in America and Europe, and just start mass deportations of the majority of Arabs, Muslims, Africans, and non-whites out of Europe. The problem with Jews is that many have these end-times religious beliefs about trying to end the world so messiah will come to Earth, including the building of Solomon's Temple. It is the religion of many Jews and Muslims to kill other races of people in war, these religious groups were always constantly at war. We can already see how it is the goal of many of these Muslims wanting to kill other groups of people that are non-Muslim. Even though some Jews may appear to be white, they have become a burden to white people and Europe, Jews just want to bring in more third world degenerates into white western society to try and destabilize it. We can see that the Jew attempts to blend in and take over many nations, this is why we cannot let any so-called Jew have a say in politics in western nations such as America and the nations of Europe. We can see why Jews were kicked out of Europe over a dozen times. We must remove these brachycephalic Arabs and Muslims out of Europe to save Europe from these third world religious cults. View our documentaries on our website about the crimes carried out by the Israeli government and the Islamic extremists working with the Israeli government}.
--------------
---------------
---------------
Chapter 11: Hallucinogens
----------------
----------------
Could Hallucinogens Induce Permanent Pupillary Changes in (Ab)users? A Case Report from New Zealand
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crinm/2017/2503762/
{Your genetics, location and diet also have a role in why some people have sensitive eyes to sunlight. Many claim that even certain chemicals and drugs ingested by humans can make your eyes more sensitive to light}.
------------
What do blind people see when they take LSD?
https://www.health24.com/Medical/Eye/Blindness/what-do-blind-people-see-when-they-take-lsd-20180820
-------------
Here's What Your Eyes Look Like When You Take Different Drugs
We asked a medical expert, and then snapped some photos of people on drugs just to make sure.
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/wd4ymw/can-you-tell-what-drugs-someones-on-just-by-looking-at-their-eyes-876
---------------
The people who are tripping forever
HPPD is a perception disorder that causes sufferers to have visual experiences similar to taking hallucinogenic drugs, often sparked by over-indulgence in psychedelics
https://www.dazeddigital.com/science-tech/article/30455/1/the-people-who-are-tripping-forever
---------------
Lysergic acid diethylamide
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide
--------------
Vision changes since taking LSD, and that damn stupid dress
https://www.reddit.com/r/LSD/comments/8azixx/vision_changes_since_taking_lsd_and_that_damn/
-------------
Study: Psilocybin Mushrooms Stimulate Growth Of New Brain Cells
http://reset.me/study/study-psilocybin-mushrooms-stimulate-growth-of-new-brain-cells/
--------------
LSD as therapy: How scientists are reclaiming psychedelics
https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/hack/lsd-as-psychadelic-therapy/8452814
-------------
Johns Hopkins study finds Psilocybin dosage 'sweet spot' for positive and lasting effects
https://newatlas.com/johns-hopkins-psilocybin-study-finds-optimum-beneficial-dosage/18981/
--------------
Shroom to grow: Australia’s missing psychedelic science
http://theconversation.com/shroom-to-grow-australias-missing-psychedelic-science-17344
{What if certain groups or races of people were to get ahold of hallucinogenic drugs that
were also poison as well, and harm their brain. There are thousands of different hallucinogenic plants out in the wild that could tamper with our evolution or devolution as well. We can even see the problems with many bad chemicals they put in street drugs}.
----------------
Scientists Cook Up Magic Mushrooms’ Psychedelic Recipe
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2017/08/15/mushrooms-psilocybin-lab/#.XF8MY7h7mcw
-----------------
{Scientists now want to genetically modify psychedelic mushroom spores and create different types of medicine from these mushrooms. It could be possible to dilute or amplify the effects of different species of psychedelic mushrooms}.
-----------------
Gene-edited CRISPR mushroom escapes US regulation
A fungus engineered with the CRISPR–Cas9 technique can be cultivated and sold without further oversight.
https://www.nature.com/news/gene-edited-crispr-mushroom-escapes-us-regulation-1.19754
-----------------
How the GE Mushroom Could Change the Debate Around GMOs
http://www.biotech-now.org/food-and-agriculture/2016/04/how-the-ge-mushroom-could-change-the-debate-around-gmos
------------------
Safe New Mushroom-Based Biopesticides Could Spell the End for GMO Foods
“Stamets’ has discovered a mushroom-based biopesticide that is just as effective as synthetic chemical pesticides, without any health or environment-disrupting effects.”
https://www.consciouslifestylemag.com/biopesticides-mushroom-based-safe/
---------------------
Genetically modified plants escape regulation under new proposals
https://www.smh.com.au/business/consumer-affairs/genetically-modified-plants-escape-regulation-under-new-proposals-20181017-p50a7l.html
-----------------
Are Those GMO Mushrooms onYour Plate? You May Never Know
https://www.ewg.org/agmag/2016/04/are-those-gmo-mushrooms-onyour-plate-you-may-never-know
------------------
Magic Mushrooms Break on Through to Biosynthetic Reality
https://www.genengnews.com/topics/drug-discovery/magic-mushrooms-break-on-through-to-biosynthetic-reality/
------------------
Plants That Make You Loco
Mind-Altering Plant Alkaloids
https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/ww0703.htm
-------------
List of psychoactive plants
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychoactive_plants
--------------
Neuroprotection and enhanced neurogenesis by extract from the tropical plant Knema laurina after inflammatory damage in living brain tissue.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19028400
--------------
A Case of Castor Bean Poisoning
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087745/
----------------
A review study on medicinal plants used in the treatment of learning and memory impairments
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2221169115300162
-----------------
Compounds in desert creosote bush could treat giardia, 'brain-eating' amoeba infections
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170815135050.htm
------------------
Ayurvedic Plants in Brain Disorders: The Herbal Hope
https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/ayurvedic-plants-in-brain-disorders-the-herbal-hope.php?aid=89160
-------------------
List of poisonous plants (small list)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_plants (small list)
-----------------
An Overview of Plant Defenses against Pathogens and Herbivores
https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/topics/pages/overviewofplantdiseases.aspx
------------------
Traditional Medicines in Africa: An Appraisal of Ten Potent African Medicinal Plants
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/617459/
-------------------
Hunting the Ghost Fungus: glowing mushrooms in Australia’s forests
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/apr/15/hunting-the-ghost-fungus-glowing-mushrooms-in-australias-forests
-------------------
When Globalization Brings Brain-Invading Worms
The parasite that causes rat lungworm disease is now endemic in the southeastern United States, and it’s expected to spread northward.
https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/04/when-globalization-brings-brain-invading-worms/522153/
-----------------------
{The Zika virus is known to shrink the heads of humans. Some question what genetic factors this virus would give to the offspring of a child of a parent that was infected with the Zika virus}.
------------------------
Zika virus: What is the disease linked to babies being born with smaller heads?
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/zika-what-is-the-virus-linked-to-babies-being-born-with-smaller-heads-a6819931.html-----------------------
Zika virus 'shrinks brains' in tests
https://www.bbc.com/news/health-36248691------------------------
Is this plant INTELLIGENT? Tropical fern found to 'learn and remember' despite having no brain
Scientists from the University of Western Australia found Mimosa pudica plants can learn and remember as well as some animals
Fern responds to touch and curls up to protect itself from predators
But eventually 'learned' not to curl up when rain drops landed on it
Researchers aren't certain why the plants are able to do so, but think it might be down to a calcium-based signally network in their cells
Study suggests experience teaches plants to learn details to survive
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2541210/Are-plants-INTELLIGENT-Tropical-fern-learn-remember-despite-having-no-brain.html
{Plants respond to other plants and their surroundings}.
-------------------
Serotonin, and the Past and Future of LSD
https://maps.org/news-letters/v23n1/v23n1_p20-23.pdf
----------------
Beyond Psilocybin: Mushrooms Have Lots of Cool Compounds Scientists Should Study
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2018/10/16/mushroom-psilocybin-chemical-compounds/#.XFugLbh7mcw
-----------------
Psilocybin Mushrooms of North America
https://www.scribd.com/doc/114800796/Psilocybin-Mushrooms-of-North-America
---------------------
Growing theory says magic mushrooms are responsible for human evolution
https://therooster.com/blog/growing-theory-says-magic-mushrooms-are-responsible-human-evolution
-------------------
How Magic Mushrooms Change Your Brain
https://www.iflscience.com/brain/magic-mushroom-chemical-hyper-connects-brain/
--------------------
The 'Stoned Ape' Theory Might Explain Our Extraordinary Evolution
https://www.inverse.com/article/34186-stoned-ape-hypothesis
---------------------
Magic Mushrooms: How They Played a Crucial role in the Evolution of Human Consciousness
https://mic.com/articles/14276/magic-mushrooms-how-they-played-a-crucial-role-in-the-evolution-of-human-consciousness#.tgBkvERyH
----------------------
Mapping the psychedelic brain: how LSD is making a comeback
Can drugs help depression? Crowdfunding allows science researchers to bypass institutional reservations and study taboo subjects.
https://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/2015/03/mapping-psychedelic-brain-how-lsd-making-comeback
---------------------
LSD Study Reveals Unprecedented "Harmonic" Reorganization of Brain
The drug appears to hit a "reset" button in the brain.
https://www.inverse.com/article/41733-how-does-lsd-change-your-brain
--------------------
LSD-induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27151536
---------------------
The brain on DMT: mapping the psychedelic drug's effects
https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mapping-brain-dmt-psychedelic-drugs
--------------------
LSD-induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hbm.23234
-------------------
LSD changes consciousness by reorganizing human brain networks
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/12/151210144910.htm
-------------
Changes in global and thalamic brain connectivity in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness are attributable to the 5-HT2A receptor
https://elifesciences.org/articles/35082
---------------------
The real promise of LSD, MDMA and mushrooms for medical science
http://theconversation.com/the-real-promise-of-lsd-mdma-and-mushrooms-for-medical-science-100579
-------------------
Psilocybin May "Reset" Brain Circuitry of Depressed Patients
Magic mushrooms may kick-start recovery from treatment-resistant depression.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-athletes-way/201710/psilocybin-may-reset-brain-circuitry-depressed-patients
-------------------
This Is Your Brain on Microdoses of Psilocybin
Microdosing psilocybin via "magic truffles" may promote out-of-the-box thinking.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-athletes-way/201811/is-your-brain-microdoses-psilocybin
-------------------
Magic Mushrooms Expand the Mind By Dampening Brain Activity
A new brain-scan study helps explain how psilocybin works — and why it holds promise as a treatment for depression, addiction and post-traumatic stress.
http://healthland.time.com/2012/01/24/magic-mushrooms-expand-the-mind-by-dampening-brain-activity/
--------------------
Food of the Gods: The Search for the Original Tree of Knowledge
A Radical History of Plants, Drugs & Human Evolution
For the first time in paperback, the critically acclaimed counterculture manifesto by the wildly popular McKenna. "Deserves to be a modern classic on mind-altering drugs & hallucinogens."--The Washington Post. Photos & illustrations.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/51660.Food_of_the_Gods
---------------------
The Mystery of Manna: The Psychedelic Sacrament of the Bible
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/730751.The_Mystery_of_Manna
-------------------
Long Before Trees Overtook the Land, Earth Was Covered by Giant Mushrooms
24 feet tall and three feet wide, these giant spires dotted the ancient landscape
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/long-before-trees-overtook-the-land-earth-was-covered-by-giant-mushrooms-13709647/-------------------
Using Psychedelics to Increase Performance and Reprogram the Mind/Brain Interface
https://neurohacker.com/microdosing-psychedelics/
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Why psychedelic drugs could transform how we treat depression and mental illness
A conversation with author Michael Pollan on becoming a “reluctant psychonaut.”
https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/5/21/17339488/psychedelics-mental-health-michael-pollan-lsd-psilocybin
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Magic Mushrooms Can Bring About Lasting Personality Changes
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/235232.php
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7 mind-bending facts about magic mushrooms
https://www.mnn.com/health/fitness-well-being/blogs/facts-about-magic-mushrooms
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Scientists have found the genes that make magic mushrooms magic
https://qz.com/1218835/the-genes-that-make-psilocybin-mushrooms-psychedelic-have-been-discovered-by-scientists/
----------------
Terence McKenna
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_McKenna
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Horizontal gene cluster transfer increased hallucinogenic mushroom diversity
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/evl3.42
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Using psilocybin mushrooms for anxiety and depression
https://www.psymposia.com/magazine/psilocybin-mushrooms-got-rid-anxiety-depression/
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Psychedelic Lichen That Contains Multiple Hallucinogenic Compounds
https://psy-minds.com/psychedelic-lichen/-------------------
New species of lichen is apparently psychedelic: Dictyonema huaorani
http://psychedelicfrontier.com/new-species-lichen-dictyonema-huaorani/-------------------
What It’s Like to Trip on the Most Potent Magic Mushroom
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/06/what-its-like-to-trip-on-the-most-potent-magic-mushroom/561860/
----------------
The Plan to Prove Microdosing Makes You Smarter
Amanda Feilding has been working towards this goal for half a century.
https://www.inverse.com/article/34827-amanda-feilding-james-fadiman-lsd-microdosing-smarter
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Dissecting DMT Who Are The DMT Entities?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tETZpw7sX98
--------------------------------------
Israel is Developing 'Ethnic Bomb' for Growing Biological Weapons Arsenal
http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v17/v17n6p24_Weber.html
--------------------
New, Deadly Cryptococcus Gattii Fungus Found in U.S.
Infections from a new strain are unpreventable—and the strain is spreading.
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/04/100421-new-fungus-cryptococcus-gattii-deadly-health-science/
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Mystery Disease Linked to Vanished Israeli Scientist
Late last month, on April 24, media outlets across the Northwest United States began reporting that a strange, previously unknown strain of virulent airborne fungi that has already killed at least 6 people in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, is spreading throughout the region. The fungus, according to expert microbiologists, who have expressed alarm about the strain’s emergence, is a new genotype of Cryptococcus gatti fungi or C gatti.
https://www.voltairenet.org/article165330.html
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Israel's Ethnic Weapon?
Israel is reportedly developing a biological weapon that would harm Arabs while leaving Jews unaffected, according to a report in London's Sunday Times.https://www.wired.com/1998/11/israels-ethnic-weapon/
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Bioweapons, Biodiversity, and Ecocide: Potential Effects of Biological Weapons on Biological Diversity: Bioweapon disease outbreaks could cause the extinction of endangered wildlife species, the erosion of genetic diversity in domesticated plants and animals, the destruction of traditional human livelihoods, and the extirpation of indigenous cultures
https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/52/7/583/247983----------------
Biosafety Concerns Related to Brucella and Its Potential Use as a Bioweapon
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1535676018771983------------
Smallpox and the Native American.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12003378-------------
Genetic Changes Made Native Americans Susceptible to Smallpox, Study Shows
https://news.ucmerced.edu/news/2017/genetic-changes-made-native-americans-susceptible-smallpox-study-shows
----------------
Impact of Immunizations on the Disease Burden of American Indian and Alaska Native Children
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/381471
-----------------
Don't Blame Columbus for All the Indians' Ills
https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/29/science/don-t-blame-columbus-for-all-the-indians-ills.html?mtrref=undefined&mtrref=www.nytimes.com&mtrref=www.nytimes.com&gwh=8F28A63F9E00A03EA903C73078E83CC3&gwt=pay
----------------
American Indian and Alaska Native death rates nearly 50 percent greater than those of non-Hispanic whites
https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0422-natamerican-deathrate.html
----------------
Native American disease and epidemics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_disease_and_epidemics#Frequency_and_efficacy_of_biological_weapon_usage---------------
Coccidioidomycosis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis (kok-sid-ee-oy-doh-my-KOH-sis), commonly known as cocci, Valley fever, as well as California fever, desert rheumatism, and San Joaquin Valley fever, is a mammalian fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. Coccidioidomycosis is endemic in certain parts of Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and northern Mexico.
Risk factors
There are several populations that have a higher risk for contracting coccidioidomycosis and developing the advanced disseminated version of the disease. Populations with exposure to the airborne arthroconidia working in agriculture and construction have a higher risk. Outbreaks have also been linked to earthquakes, windstorms and military training exercises where the ground is disturbed. Historically an infection is more likely to occur in males than females, although this could be attributed to occupation rather than gender specific. Women who are pregnant and immediately postpartum are at a high risk of infection and dissemination. There is also an association between stage of pregnancy and severity of the disease, with third trimester women being more likely to develop dissemination. Presumably this is related to highly elevated hormonal levels, which stimulate growth and maturation of spherules and subsequent release of endospores. Certain ethnic populations are more susceptible to disseminated coccioidomycosis. The risk of dissemination is 175 times greater in Filipinos and 10 times greater in African Americans than non-Hispanic whites. Individuals with a weakened immune system are also more susceptible to the disease. In particular, individuals with HIV and diseases that impair T-cell function. Individuals with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes are also at a higher risk. Age also affects the severity of the disease, with more than one third of deaths being in the 65-84 age group.
------------
Genetic weapons could kill only the people you hate
https://io9.gizmodo.com/genetic-weapons-could-kill-only-the-people-you-hate-5883245
The researchers used cells from 234 people from African, Asian, European and North American descent whose tissues were taken for the HapMap Project, a freely available genome database. Of those cells, most fell to assaults from the anthrax bacterium. But cells from three people-of European descent-required hundreds or even thousands more times as much anthrax toxin to kill them.
This staggering range in lethality was certainly unexpected; but believe it or not, the fact that the toxin was more deadly to some cells than it was to others was not, in and of itself, surprising.
Whether these variations were due to genetic or environmental factors, however, was unclear, which is why the real surprise came when Martchenko and Cohen managed to trace the broad range in anthrax sensitivity to the regulation of a specific gene, named capillary morphogenesis gene 2, or "CMG2" for short. (CMG2 codes for a protein that controls anthrax's ability to access human cells.)
-------------
US military wants to know what synthetic-biology weapons could look like
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/611508/us-military-wants-to-know-what-synthetic-biology-weapons-could-look-like/
-------------
{Many of the best scientists in the world could not even have dreamed of what I have accomplished with my new research, and that they would be proud from what I have accomplished with this new research}.
{Whoever thought that trying to find the lineage of man would be such a burden}.
-------------
--------------
Chapter 12: The future of humanity
--------------
--------------
{Some people ask me if I had to choose a one world race, what would that race be?
Many people in the government want a one world system and a one world race of people.
Many claim that we should all be one nation and one country to avoid a nuclear or
biological war. It seems that we don't want to honestly get rid of any race of people, and that
we should have segregated nations.
Now what would stop some Israeli Jew from trying to release a super virus to kill off all the races and have a one world Jewish race eventually.
This is the problem we see with many ethno-religious countries, and that we never should have
allowed many of these religious Islamic governments and religious Zionist governments to even form.
How could we choose a one world race of black people and even ensure that humanity and
the higher IQ groups of people survive, then you threaten the white race with extinction from
another group of people that may not even be the original human race.
Then you put me in this type of arena where I am trying to defend my own people from these
other races that want my race of people dead. We must stop this fighting and come to reason about preserving different different groups of humans and animals on this planet and in space.
We are here to honor diversity and the different human tribes of the world.
We understand that a war among nations, cultures and races could go either way. This is why we think we should have a treaty to regulate population, race and ethno-satates on the planet for all the unique and different cultures of people.
I would say we should then promote white society over brown society if you are just going to have to force me in a corner and threaten to genocide off my race and people.
You want survival of the fittest, well here it is, this is what it is like in the animal kingdom on Earth, it is the survival of the fittest many times. People can say whatever they want about a species, but when it comes down to it, it is about the survival of the fittest.
How could we promote a group such as Orientals that look like a race of people that look like they have had their flat faces hit in with a baseball bat and how their growth is even stunted. How could we base a one world race off of these brachycephalic and dolicocephalic deformities found in non-whites. If we keep letting these bracycephalic Orientals and dolicocephalic blacks take over, it just seems we could have some fucked up looking Klingong looking race of the future. I am here to save humanity from a fate that no species wants to endure, and that is the biological devolution of their species. We cannot let the real white human race face extinction and genocide from some brown brachycephalic dolicocephalic groups.
If you ask me I don't think we should kill all blacks, I just think black people should just stay on places similar to Africa, and that you keep them there. Look at what happens when you introduce these third world groups to the mainland in a first world western society.
How could we promote some Semitic low IQ beggar Gypsy Arab over the pristine white race. In fact, we want to get these Africans and Arab Muslims away from the white race and quarantine these people as much as possible from trying to eliminate the white race. We need to abolish all religious Islamic and Zionist governments off the map.
If you are just going to keep threatening to kill off my race with a one world race of people, then I say we counter the Kalergi Plan, and promote the white race as the new race of the future. Either that or we take population control and regulate the races so that white people do not face genocide or see our population being watered down by a bunch of lesser IQ groups}.
---------------------------
{Even National Geographic has had several theories to an eventual one world race of human that could be caused by several events, including a global catastrophe.
National Geographic has stated that we could have a one world race of white designer babies.
National Geographic has also had an article that stated how at the rate brown people are breeding over white people, that we eventually could have a one world race of brown people, which of course National Geographic received criticism before. But you know National Geographic could just be telling the truth, and that this could happen if we do not regulate the races on the planet. We should regulate the white race and have areas for whites to live without black and brown people trying to breed out whites.
National Geographic had another article that states that eventually when a giant natural disaster happens, such as if the Sun were going to expand, that this would actually slowly cook Earth and change how humans would look. This article states that if the Sun expanded too close to Earth, that humans might evolve red eyes or grey or dark skin even from a natural disaster. We should be cautious of the government trying to even promote a one world race with a natural global catastrophe. Even if humanity was close to dying off, we should have policies in place so that we could repopulate white people, and the rest of all the other races as well on another planet. You see I don't hate any race, I love all of the races and cultural diversity. We do not want the white European people to face attempted genocide from one of these other cultures, such as we see in films such as the movie 300}.
-------------------------
This Is What Future Humans Might Look Like
https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/people/this-is-what-future-humans-may-look-like.aspx---------------------------
What Will Future Humans Look Like?
https://www.livescience.com/34228-will-humans-eventually-all-look-like-brazilians.html----------------------------
How The Human Face Might Look In 100,000 Years
Kwan stresses that 60,000 years from now, our ability to control the human genome will also make the effect of evolution on our facial features moot. As genetic engineering becomes the norm, "the fate of the human face will be increasingly determined by human tastes," he says in a research document. Eyes will meanwhile get larger, as attempts to colonize Earth's solar system and beyond see people living in the dimmer environments of colonies further away from the Sun than Earth. Similarly, skin will become more pigmented to lessen the damage from harmful UV radiation outside of the Earth's protective ozone. Kwan expects people to have thicker eyelids and a more pronounced superciliary arch (the smooth, frontal bone of the skull under the brow), to deal with the disruptive effects already observed by present-day astronauts of cosmic rays outside Earth's atmosphere.The remaining 40,000 years, or 100,000 years from now, Kwan believes the human face will reflect "total mastery over human morphological genetics. This human face will be heavily biased towards features that humans find fundamentally appealing: strong, regal lines, straight nose, intense eyes, and placement of facial features that adhere to the golden ratio and left/right perfect symmetry," he says.
Eyes will seem "unnervingly large" -- as least from our viewpoint today -- and may feature eye-shine enhance low-light vision and even a sideways blink from re-constituted plica semilunaris to further protect human eyes from the disruptive effect of cosmic rays.
There will be other functional necessities: larger nostrils for easier breathing in off-planet environments, denser hair to contain heat loss from a larger head -- features which people may have to weigh up against their tastes for what's genetically trendy at the time. Instead of just debating what to name a child as new parents do today, they might also have to decide if they want their children to carry the most natural expression of a couple's DNA, such as their eye-color, teeth and other features they can genetically alter.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2013/06/07/how-the-human-face-might-look-in-100000-years/#50efe2a5a960
----------------------------
In 1,000 Years Humans Will Have Red Eyes, Dark Skin And Superhuman Powers
https://uk.news.yahoo.com/in-1-000-years-humans-will-have-red-eyes--dark-skin-and-superhuman-powers-070159419.html?guccounter=1
Our descendants could look very, very different to how we appear today - with red eyes, ‘beautiful’ faces and dark skin.
The prediction comes from science video site ASAPScience - and is based on a future where we evolve to cope with global warming.
Our skins will become darker as an evolutionary response to warming - and our bodies will also be altered by technology.
In the future, ASAPScience predicts, we will have tiny machines - ‘nanobots’ - inside our bodies which will transform us in drastic ways.
The site says, ‘'In the future nanobots - or tiny robots - will be suddenly integrated into our own bodies, enhancing our abilities.’
ASAP Science predicts these tiny robots could give us superhuman powers - and control over our appearance.
'No longer will we be limited by own own physiology, but truly become a mixture of biology and machine on the inside.'
'But while that will make us better smarter, stronger and better looking, such genetic similarity, or lack of human diversity, leaves room for a single new disease of the future, to wipe out the entire human race.'
------------------------------
How would red eyes occur in a human (without underlying medical conditions)?
https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/28060/how-would-red-eyes-occur-in-a-human-without-underlying-medical-conditions
--------------------------------
Will Mars Colonists Evolve Into This New Kind of Human?
https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/the-big-questions/mars-colonists-might-evolve-entirely-new-type-human-n708636--------------------------
What Will Humans Look Like 100,000 Years From Now?
https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2016/09/12/what-will-humans-look-like-100000-years-from-now/#587978881403
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Race of the future
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_of_the_future
The race of the future is a theoretical composite race which will result from ongoing racial admixture.
Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi in 1925 in Practical Idealism predicted: "The man of the future will be of mixed race. Today's races and classes will gradually disappear owing to the vanishing of space, time, and prejudice. The Eurasian-Negroid race of the future will replace the diversity of peoples with a diversity of individuals." The same scenario had been envisaged, with rather less enthusiasm, by Madison Grant in his 1916 The Passing of the Great Race, calling for a eugenics program to prevent this development, and in a similar ideological context in Lothrop Stoddard's The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy in 1920.
--------------------------
Report: EU Intentionally Collapsing European Countries With Illegals
The ‘Kalergi Plan’ Started in the 70s
https://www.infowars.com/the-kalergi-plan/
------------------------
For more information on the genocide taking place in the west, view our videos and books on our main site.
MonsantoInvestigation.com
-----------------------
Islamic Sharia Genocide
Islamicshariagenocide.blogspot.com
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Global Western Genocide
https://archive.org/details/GlobalWesternGenocide1R
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UN Divides the World into 10 Regional Groupings
http://nuclearsuntan.blogspot.com/----------------------------
{Right now we think if the world made an American Union and an Asian Union, that
something similar would happen with the European Union. It would not be good
to have many of these unions if it is to flood areas with migrants and brown people
to breed out higher IQ white people. If we had an American Union that was a white
ethno-state, and was modeled after America and the Bill of Rights,
we could see how that it might not be that bad.
I don't see how we could promote a lower IQ brachycephalic or dolicocephalic dysgenic race on Earth and space over a white race.
When we compare the best white scientists and white athletes, we can see that we would want to
promote the white race in space for creating new ideas and inventions over some lower IQ groups.
We must deport these black males at once and ship them back to Africa, we must stop these black males from breeding with our white females in western society}.
---------------------------
Are redheads with blue eyes really going extinct?
https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/are-redheads-with-blue-eyes-really-going-extinct
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{You don't think the white race has something up their sleeve to stop the genocide of whites by an inferior brachycephalic race.
It is time that the white race take the gloves off and start ensuring the survival of the white race
over these inferior dysgenic brachycephalic humans who want to try and now outbreed and genocide off whites.
We are calling the white race to save the white race at all costs, even if it means a war with these
other races such as the Persians that are not willing to cooperate in immigration control, race control and continue to flood Europe. We must remove all the Persians, Africans Muslims and a majority of non-whites out of Europe by force and by any means necessary to save the white race.
I will tell you what, if all these other lower IQ ignorant races are just going to keep joking about killing white people off and out breeding whites, then try to send in Muslims to rape white women, then we are just going to put an end to this once and for all. You think this is a joke? Wait until your foolish act of war against the white race backfires.
If you will not allow the white race their own areas such as in Europe, then we declare this an act of war against the white race. We will just kill you all off in a race war and repopulate
with white people over these dysgenic low IQ idiots that do not deserve to replace blonde hair people and white people with lower IQ groups.
We predict an increase of the white population for the future of humanity.
Our warning to the white race is that you are on your own, we are going to have to fight
to ensure the survival of our race over these deformed low IQ groups that are
forming at our doorstep and want all white people dead.
One of the main reasons why we started making these books and videos is in response to
all the black and brown people trying to riot in Laguna Beach in 2016 from the ceremony of American's that have been killed by illegal aliens. Thousands of blacks and Mexicans protested this event and said it was racist, and how they want to kill whites and destroy white neighborhoods. Many tried to claim that this was an anti-racist rally, when it was clearly an anti-white rally in a white neighborhood.
We should have all of these non-white protestors arrested and deported to Africa.
You think you are just going to go into these white neighborhoods and kill whites like a bunch of crude savages, well think again. I say we need to start depopulating the majority of these low IQ non-white groups out of western society. We see that many governments are trying to replace higher IQ white people with inferior brachycephalic types of people with inferior IQs to that of white people. If it means to kill off the majority of you now to save the white race and repopulate with the one world white race over a one world brown race, then so be it, because you know why.
The last people who want to regulate population and race would be brown people, because it would interfere with their plan to kill off white people, and you can even see it in the eyes of brown people.
They will say, "well let me think about it," while they glance out in the distance and automatically think how this would ruin your plans to slowly breed out and kill off the white population.
If we had regulations, your plans for genocide against white people would be over very soon.
It would only take a few months for many western white nations to eliminate the majority of Africans and many Arabs in the Middle East. Then we hear many black people calling for a race war. This is why instead we demand that we just create different ethno-states and deport
the majority of Africans and non-whites back to Africa or South America.
We can see that Russia, China, India and western nations could all get along and prosper together. The problem we see is that religious Islamic governments and religious Zionist Jewish governments are the groups that would be a big threat with a religious government having weapons and having these end-times prophecies about the destruction of the planet.
We wish for the best of all races and hope all races can make it to other planets eventually, and that it would be something as we see in different movies. It seems that population and race would be regulated very strictly in space. I think let's say if the New World
Order did take over and create a one world system, that it would most likely turn into a bad
dictatorship. We need a global Constitution to create ethno-states for whites, even if all the nations are conquered by one group such as the socialist Rothschilds, yet what would stop that group or another group from wanting to destroy all of humanity.
Then you wonder why whites went to war in the past against Muslims trying to come into Europe all of this time and Muslims are still invading. We have had enough and we are pulling the plug on all Islamic governments. We are calling for all non-whites to be removed out of Europe and white western society, if they will not leave then you make them leave by force and by all means necessary to save the white race over these inferior groups.
Continue the race war where we left off just like the movie 300, and what led to new creations over new white colonies to survive these constant cruel attacks from the brown man, like we see from the Persians in the movie 300. The Muslims and Arabs will even put the entire planet at risk and constantly declare war and destruction just to kill off the white man. I am surprised that no one has already tried to get rid of a lot of these dysgenic third world people for the constant attacks against Europe and the west. Then we see all these groups such as the population control groups and how people do not like them. I am saying we take population control and race control, and start promoting the higher IQ white humans over the more stupid races of human such as Mexicans. We must segregate them away from white areas and keep them away from our white women. We also need to stop all the PC liberals from trying to get in the way of saving humanity.
What is going to stop some Arab/Jew in the future from trying to ruin a white ethno-state and bring in a bunch of brown gypsies to scum up western society on the streets. Why is the low IQ brown brachycephalic man such a burden to the white race and the planet.
Don't let people with blue eyes die off, go kill some Mexicans instead if we have to. I'm tired of looking at a lot of these dysgenic Mexicans, we need to ship them to Africa and create the North & South American continent as a new white ethno-state. We can still keep some reservations. We know there will be a war over this, but anything we can do to save the white race, and we must. We see how Americans were killing Mexicans hundreds of years ago in war, and we should have never stopped pushing until we got to Panama. I would say that Americans killing off many of these Mexicans was actually a form of progress, this was done to pave the way for a better world and a better America. America could have never become the great country it came to be by having a bunch of third world Mexicans in the way of progress. Mexicans constantly ruin many good things as they tend to do the majority of the time, and they will turn areas into third world looking ghettos in a matter of years if you let them. There are plenty of mixed race people just like Mexicans in Africa and that is where Mexicans now belong.
Remember the movie 300.
Remember the Alamo.
Remember how bad the brown man wanted to genocide off the white man, but we reversed the tables to beat many of these third world groups.
The brown man has been a constant thorn in the side of the white man. Look at how brown people try to invade Europe like in the movie 300, look at how they still continued to invade Spain and Italy as well in the past, as they also do now. We are calling for a 300 style slaughter of all the Persians out of Europe, and that is final.
If you want to stop the race war, then I suggest we take immigration control, race control and population control. If we cannot get a white ethno-state, including immigration control, population control and race control, then we will declare a war to save the white race from this attempted mass genocide.
Many think we should just make it simple and have a one world race of white people, too many brown people have dysgenic brachycephalic traits that no one even wants. Many say that these brachycephalic traits will slowly be phased out when they start making designer babies come in.
I think we should regulate races so that we have all races still living, but that in no way other races can genocide off the white man. You see how some people think that Africans have become a liability and just want them dead, and we can see why this is the case. I would try to keep all races and segregate them into ethno-states and keep it that way. Even if they created a One World system to avoid nuclear war, we should have laws in place for different white ethno-states regardless.
I think designer babies could help the white race survive over many inferior bracycephalic traits we see in other races of human. Even if another nation tried to kill whites, we should have laws in place to be able to repopulate the white race of human and still create a white ethno-state.
The white nose is superior the the brachycephalic nose of many non-white and brown people.
The superior white brain of the best white inventors is the superior brain to have over all other races, this is why white western society continues to remain superior over other third world nations.
The upper body strength of a white is superior to other races.
White people still hold records in many weightlifting events for upper body strength and lower body strength.
Look at how many Chinese Nationalists are trying to take over America, look at how many Jews are trying to take over America and western society. Look at how many Muslims are working with Jews and are trying to genocide off white western nations with their idiotic religion to kill the white man and the white infidel/Goy. Look at how bad the Mexicans and South Americans flood into America to try and ruin it just like the same looking brown Arab people flooding Europe like rats as we speak. Look at how the Africans constantly tried to invade Spain and Europe, then you wonder why Europeans invaded Africa. Brown people are the last people to honor any type of border line, and why they continue to be a threat to whites, and we need to stop these low IQ morons from trying to declare war and invade Europe. I say kill them all if it is the only way to save the white race if you will not take race control and population control. This article is in response to all of the anti-white protests that we see happening around America and Europe. I say we are going to start by deporting all non-white immigrants who immigrated to America after 1965 and all offspring they have had must also be deported as well. Then we are going to start deporting all of the Muslims and Africans out of western society. We will deport them with the Immigration Act of 1924, we still need to save Europe from these groups as well.
Why is it that white nations could easily kill off African nations and Middle Eastern nations, but yet somehow white people have tolerated you to just move right into Europe. Look at how civilized the white Europeans are, and how savage many of these third world people act when they finally get a handout like a homeless degenerate gypsy on the streets.
What a burden many of these brown people have become to the white race, then you wonder why we had race wars against the Aboriginal people, the Indian Americans and North Africans. We just see history repeating itself again. Don't you think it would have been better for everyone if we just had population control, immigration control and race control. We could have had some white ethno-states in North America and some brown ethno-areas in Africa.
What benefits would the white race get by trying to keep around groups of people who want to threaten to kill whites. Many non-whites will just come up with plans such as peace and diversity to now try to overthrow white nations with a bunch of these third world brown Gypsies. Even if whites win this time around, what is to stop these brachycephalic savage humans from trying to kill off the white race with another plan in the future with similar of different types of plans.
It just seems like such a liability to even keep Muslims around, and why most Muslims really do deserve to eat bombs all day long. Look at all how the Islamic governments expanded around the globe, if anything we should have gotten rid of all the Islamic governments back in the 1980s. Look at how they just let it get worse and worse to where soon most Islamic nations soon are going to be able to have nuclear technology, chemical and biological weapons. It almost seems more logical to replace a lot of these third world brachycephanic third world Muslim countries and make them first world white nations instead. Muslims do not even deserve as much land as they have in North Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Muslims should be reduced to one small portion of the globe if we even decide to keep them around, we cannot allow any more Islamic governments to expand.
It is the other races that have declared their race war against the white race. The Muslims have declared war on the white race, we must get rid of all Islamic governments and Islamic countries as well as Zionist governments. Both Jews and Muslims are going to destroy their planet with their stupid religious wars, both of these groups are a burden to humanity and the rest of the world. The planet would have been much better off without Muslims and Jews with their religious war, and you wonder why not many people like these groups. Then you wonder why Jews have been kicked out of many dozens of countries many times over.
We don't hate any race, we want to regulate a white ethno-state so that whites can live in peace.
Black people have most of Africa, Oriental people have most of East Asia, Middle Easterners should be deported to Africa with the blacks and Mexicans. What non-whites need to do is support race control and say yes, we don't want any race to face genocide and create areas for whites.
If white people cannot get regulations and standards to save our people, as we just watch the other races try and kill and genocide us off, then we will have a counter-attack to ensure the white race then lives and prospers. We must stop groups such as Muslims, blacks and Jews from killing whites. We see all these black affirmative equal rights women with their afro hair and black panther style themed attitude, well you are also going to soon be gone from western society, good riddance you nuisance and pests. It is true, you are the types that actually put your own race at risk the most for how you act, and people of your own race also even call you out on it as well. Soon you will not even be able to go into a white neighborhood to protest the way you do, just watch and see what happens.
We should promote white features over many of these brachycephalic African and mulatto traits in western white society.
Look at how many non-whites want to dye their hair of a European color of hair.
Many Orientals wear blue and green eye contacts to make them appear more European, and more plastic surgery to appear European. Now we see why we could promote designer
babies just to save the white race. Before I might have spoken out against designer babies, but
I think it would be much better than trying to breed these constant Mexican and African idiots we see on the streets. But remember I stressed and promoted segregation just like many organisations are doing as well right now, so that we avoid a race war. We must stop the human race from degenerating to a lower grade of human.
I think we should have all their races in their culture zones, and that areas we regulate race and population so we do not have a bunch of low IQ savages trying to have 30 kids. We should stop some really dumb South American "Jaguar people" from trying to race mix with a white Tesla or white Da Vinci high IQ type of white human.
We could even have areas for mixed race people as well, as in North Africa.
We are tired of the stupid Mexican gangster generation attitude also, you wonder how much longer the Earth really has to put up with these pests, nuisances and burdens to humanity and society.
Thank God that many Americans killed a lot of these Mexicans off and made the greatest nation that ever existed. Look at how much better America is compared to the rest of the third world ghettos in Central America and South America. How could we promote these inferior societies and dysgenic South Americans over a superior race of whites, it does not make sense, and this is why the country of Argentina was also formed as well. The last thing the people of Argentina would want is to have a bunch of Mexicans shipped down to South America. I say we just ship the Mexicans to Africa. Then again, with border jumping skills like the Mexicans have, I would not want the Mexicans hopping over the border to get to the heart of Europe.
There is a reason why America went to war with Mexico, Mexico has now once again declared war against America. See to it that America defeats Mexico and that we push Mexicans South of Panama}.
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Mexican–American War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War
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Mexicans even refuse to acknowledge that white people were the first native Americans, and that white people have the oldest fossil records in North America. Mexicans will most likely refuse to admit these facts and even cover them up, and you wonder why Mexicans do not do as well in the sciences as white people. I would not even trust most Hispanics in research that has to do with white Native Americans.
Honestly if we had ethno-states and regulate population and race, humanity would get together fine. Will people betray their fellow man, of course they would.
We hear all of these stories about how the people of the future may have red eyes or grey skin, if so, we should still regulate the white race, and we can even repopulate with white people.
But remember, if you are black, Oriental, Hispanic or Arab, that I also will fight for you and your rights to save your own race and I mean it. However, this would mean that we take population control and immigration control, and we know that everyone will not also agree.
If too many people cannot agree on trying to create an area for different cultures such as whites to live, then this would be considered an act of war to try and genocide off the white race. This would mean that other races and cultures now threaten their biological genes by declaring an act of war against whites by not allowing white people their own areas. If it is just going to be these constant blacks, non-whites and Gypsies trying to move in and kill whites, then we demand that we remove non-whites out of white areas by force and by any means necessary to save the white race from extinction. I am just trying to defend my race, I do not want to go out of my way to harm other groups of people. However, if these groups are going to declare a race war against white people, then white people must take up arms and defend themselves against these Muslims in western society for starters.
This is why I think we should have segregation and that we save the black African race from race mixing as well, and they keep their own heritage. We do not want to kill blacks, we just think that we should have segregation and that we should regulate blacks, whites, brown people and mixed race people in space and on Earth. If you are Oriental I have fought hard to keep your race from facing genocide from the Muslims. Even if you have different faces, we treat you as your own species just as a monkey, and that we believe the Oriental people have a right to have their own area for people with these types of Oriental features. I do not think that Orientals and blacks should be able to flood other nations in their support of the Kalergi Plan to genocide out and breed out white areas and white countries as well.
We see that brown people and mixed race people also have plenty of areas to roam around, such as most of South America, Africa and the Middle East have plenty of brown and mixed race people.
My concern that we clearly see and many of you are aware is that white people are now facing genocide and decline in numbers, while the majority of other races are promoting the genocide. The other races see it and they try to say that white privilege is in decline, and that this is a good thing. Then we see how many of the other races are now trying to push for the genocide and the elimination of whites, and that many refuse to regulate the races.
We are going to ask white people to defend themselves and stop these dysgenic inferior races
that want the superior white race dead.
We are going to ask America to leave off where it left with the Mexican-American War and start throwing out many of these non-white immigrants that should have never been allowed in America in the first place. We are going to ask Europe to leave off where it left with the Persians invading like we see in the movie 300, and the Europeans gather to kill off all the Persians out of Europe. Africans belong in Africa, Africans should not keep race mixing with white people. We need to start the process of making America a majority white nation again, Europe also needs to become a white ethno-state.
I guess I also am threatening to deport many of you with the Chinese Exclusion Act. Well, why
do you think they created America as a white nation, was to save white people from genocide against groups such as Muslims. Even after we see movies such as 300, and the constant attacks with Muslims and the Crusades, we can see that whites wanted to move as far west as they could to avoid genocide. White people created America so that white people can survive and not face all of these wars in mainland Europe caused by the brown skinned man.
We are going to ask all white Americans to join my militia and start removing all non-white foreigners out of America until we get immigration control, population control and race control. We need population control, race control and immigration control.
If we decide to keep some non-whites, we should limit and restrict the amount of non-whites
coming to western nations and having children. We are better off deporting the majority of non-white people with lower IQ points out of white western society in America and Europe}.
To continue this research, view our article titled The Dysgenics Investigation.
DysgenicsInvestigation.blogspot.com
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https://racevirus101.blogspot.com
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1/8/2020 - Race Dysgenics Brazil | Eugenics in Brazil
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